न्यायसूत्र का काल

nyay darshan ke rachanakal ke vishay mean vidvanoan mean paryapt matabhed hai. m.m. haraprasad shastri isaka kal khrishtiy dvitiy shatak manate haian. sootroan mean shoonyavad ka khandan pakar d aau. yakobi mahashay nyayasootroan ka rachanakal khrishtiy tritiy shatabdi manate haian. mahamahopadhyay satishachandr vidyabhooshan ne apane 'bharatiy nyayashastr' ke itihas mean kaha hai ki lakshanasootroan ka nirman mithila ke nivasi maharshi gautam ne khrishtapoorv shashth shatak mean kiya hai aur parikshasootroan ki rachana khrishtiy dvitiy shatak mean prabhasatirth ke nivasi maharshi akshapad ne ki hai. phalat: upalabdh nyayasootr do bhinn samayoan mean bhinn rrishiyoan ke dvara rache gaye haian. inaki do pramukh yuktiyaan yahaan dekhi jati haian- bauddh darshan ke shoonyavad ka khandan tatha kautily ke dvara anvikshiki vidya mean nyay ka aparigrah evan saankhy, yog aur lokayat ka parigrah.

kintu yahaan vichar apekshit hai. nyayasootr mean jis shoonyavad ka khandan kiya hai, vah bauddh achary nagarjun ke pratipadit shoonyavad se sarvatha bhinn hai. donoan mean keval nam ka hi samy hai. mahamahopadhyay phanibhooshan tarkavagish ne apani bangala nyay darshan ki bhoomika mean pariksha karake dikhaya hai ki nyayasootr mean poorvapaksh roop mean samagat shoonyavad tatkal prasiddh tatha upanishadoan mean sanketit darshanantar ka mat raha hai, jo aj lupt hai, vah nagarjun ka prasiddh shoonyavad nahian hai. vastusthiti to sarvatha isake viparit yah hai ki nagarjun ne apane praman vihetan tatha vaidalyasootr mean nyay darshan ke padarthoan ka khandan kiya hai. at: nyayavidya ki prasiddhi nagarjun se pahale hi manani hogi aur usaka prabhav nagarjun par manana hoga, n ki nagarjun ka prabhav nyayasootr par.

uparyukt doosari yukti ke prasang mean kahana hai ki anvikshiki ke antargat kautily ne jis yogashastr ka ullekh kiya hai, vah vah nyayavidya hi hai 'patanjali yog' nahian. prachin samay mean nyay tatha vaisheshik darshanoan ke lie yog ya yaug pad ka vyavahar dekha jata hai. jain darshan ke anek prachin granthoan mean’ nyay-vaisheshik ke lie yog ya yaug pad vyavahrit hua hai.

nyayabhashyakar ne 1.1.29 sootr ke bhashy mean nyay darshan ke siddhant ka pratipadan yogashabd se kiya hai, jo ki patanjali yog ke sarvatha viparit hai. vastut: kautily ne saankhy pad se saankhy aur yog donoan ko liya hai. prachin samay mean nirishvar saankhy se saankhy darshan aur seshvar saankhy se patanjali yog ka vyavahar hota raha hai. atev ek nam se hi kautily ne un donoan darshanoan ka sanket kiya hai. isaka karan pray: yah bhi raha hai ki donoan hi darshanoan ki chintan-paddhati evan praman adi ke vishay mean mataiky hai. phalat: yog pad se yahaan nyayadarshan hi granthakar ka vivakshit raha hai.

nyay darshan ka prasiddh arambhavad

nyay darshan ka prasiddh arambhavad pray: is yog pad ke vyavahar ka mool raha hai. kyoanki do paramanuoan ke yog se dvayanuk ki srishti hoti hai aur tin dvayanuk milakar trasarenu banate haian. is tarah paramanuoan ke yog se srishti-prakriya ka nirvah evan arambhavad ki sthapana ke karan shayad yogapad se prachin samay mean nyayavidya ka parigrah kiya gaya ho. athava pashupat yog ka prabhav nyay darshan par adikal se hi raha hai, at ev yog pad se nyayavidya aur yog se naiyayik ki prasiddhi huee hogi. yahaan ullikhit lokayat, vah nastik tarkik ke lie prayukt hai, jo us samay mean apana sthan bana chuke the aur samaj mean inaki pratishtha nahian thi. atev manusmriti adi mean is shastr ki jamakar ninda ki gayi hai.

nishkarsh yah hua ki nyayasootr ki rachana do samayoan mean do rrishiyoan ke dvara nahian huee hai, apitu ek samay mean ek hi rrishi dvara vah pranit hai. aur vah rrishi haian mahamuni gautam. isamean jan-prasiddhi bhi anukool hai.

pitrimeghasootr

pitrimeghasootr ki vyakhya mean anant yajva ne gautam aur akshapad ko ek hi rrishi mana hai. inake mat mean gautam dharmasootr aur nyayasootr ke rachayita ek hi rrishi haian. nyayakosh mean uddhrit hai ki gautam ke vicharamagn rahane se ek bar koop mean gir jane par prabhu ne anugrah karake unake pair mean ek aankh de di. anantavasudev ke mandir mean utkirn pady gautam aur akshapad ko do nahian manata hai. devi puran adi ki katha, mahakavi bhas ki ukti, ramayan tatha mahabharat mean nyay vidya ke pravartak gautam rrishi ka ullekh is paksh mean prabal praman upalabdh haian.

kautily is nyayavidya se kathamapi aparichit nahian ho sakatean haian. anyatha ve ‘pradip: sarvavidyanaan’ adi pad tatha ‘vyasane abhyudaye ch buddhimavasthapayati’ adi gady nyayavidya ya anvikshiki ki prashansa mean nahian kahate. at: tark aur pramanoan ke adhar par khrishtapoorv shashth shatak hi nyayasootr ka rachanakal manana uchit hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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sanbandhit lekh

shrutiyaan

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