फ़िराक़ गोरखपुरी
firaq gorakhapuri
| |
| poora nam | raghupati sahay 'firaq gorakhapuri' |
| janm | 28 agast, 1896 |
| janm bhoomi | gorakhapur, uttar pradesh |
| mrityu | 3 march, 1982 |
| mrityu sthan | dilli |
| pati/patni | kishori devi |
| karm-kshetr | sahity |
| mukhy rachanaean | gule-nagama, bajmean zindagi range-shayari, saragam adi |
| bhasha | urdoo, farasi, hiandi, brajabhasha |
| vidyalay | ilahabad vishvavidyalay |
| shiksha | kala snatak |
| puraskar-upadhi | sahity akadami puraskar, jnanapith puraskar, padm bhooshan |
| prasiddhi | urdoo shayar, shikshak |
| nagarikata | bharatiy |
| any janakari | gaandhi ji ke sath asahayog andolan mean sammilit hue aur jel bhi gaye. kuchh dinoan anand bhavan, ilahabad mean pandit neharoo ke sahayak ke roop mean kaangres ka kamakaj bhi dekha. |
| adyatan | 15:03, 3 march 2012 (IST)
|
| inhean bhi dekhean | kavi soochi, sahityakar soochi |
firaq gorakhapuri (vastavik nam- 'raghupati sahay') (janm- 28 agast, 1896, gorakhapur, uttar pradesh; mrityu- 3 march, 1982, dilli) bharat ke prasiddhi prapt aur urdoo ke mane hue shayar the. unhean urdoo kavita ko boliyoan se jo d kar usamean nee loch aur rangat paida karane ka shrey diya jata hai. firaq gorakhapuri ne apane sahityik jivan ka aranbh gazal se kiya tha. farasi, hindi, brajabhasha aur bharatiy sanskriti ki gahari samajh hone ke karan unaki shayari mean bharat ki mool pahachan rach-bas gee hai. unhean 'sahity akadami puraskar', 'jnanapith puraskar' aur 'soviyat laind neharoo avard' se bhi sammanit kiya gaya tha. varsh 1970 mean unhean 'sahity akadami' ka sadasy bhi manonit kiya gaya tha.
janm tatha shiksha
urdoo ke mashahoor shayar firaq gorakhapuri ka janm varsh 1896 ee. mean gorakhapur, uttar pradesh mean hua tha. firaq ka poora nam 'raghupati sahay firaq' tha, kiantu apani shayari mean ve apana upanam 'firaq' likhate the. unake pita ka nam muanshi gorakh prasad tha, jo peshe se vakil the. muanshi gorakh prasad bhale hi vakil the, kiantu shayari mean bhi unaka bahut nam tha. is prakar yah kah sakate haian ki shayari firaq sahab ko virasat mean mili thi. firaq ji ka vivah 29 joon, 1914 ko prasiddh jamiandar vindeshvari prasad ki beti kishori devi se hua. firaq gorakhapuri ne 'ilahabad vishvavidyalay' mean shiksha prapt ki thi. unhoanne bi. e. mean poore pradesh mean chautha sthan prapt kiya tha. isake bad ve dipti kalektar ke pad par niyukt hue.
andolan mean bhagedari
isi bich desh ki azadi ke lie sangharsharat rashtrapita mahatma gaandhi ne 'asahayog andolan' chhe da to firaq gorakhapuri ne apani naukari tyag di aur andolan mean kood p de. unhean giraphtar kiya gaya aur dedh sal ki saza bhi huee. jel se chhootane ke bad pandit javaharalal neharoo ne 'akhil bharatiy kaangres' ke daphtar mean 'andar sekretari' ki jagah par unhean rakhava diya. bad mean neharoo ji ke yoorop chale jane ke bad unhoanne kaangres ka 'andar sekretari' ka pad chho d diya. isake bad 'ilahabad vishvavidyalay' mean varsh 1930 se lekar 1959 tak aangrezi ke adhyapak rahe.
sahityik jivan
firaq gorakhapuri ne apane sahityik jivan ka aranbh gazal se kiya tha. apane sahityik jivan ke aranbhik samay mean 6 disanbar, 1926 ko british sarakar ke rajanaitik bandi banae ge the. urdoo shayari ka b da hissa roomaniyat, rahasy aur shastriyata se bandha raha hai, jisamean lokajivan aur prakriti ke paksh bahut kam ubhar pae haian. firaq ji ne paranparagat bhavabodh aur shabd-bhandar ka upayog karate hue use nayi bhasha aur ne vishayoan se jo da. unake yahaan samajik dukh-dard vyaktigat anubhooti banakar shayari mean dhala hai. dainik jivan ke k dave sach aur ane vale kal ke prati ummid, donoan ko bharatiy sanskriti aur lokabhasha ke pratikoan se jo dakar firaq ji ne apani shayari ka anootha mahal kh da kiya. farasi, hiandi, brajabhasha aur bharatiy sanskriti ki gahari samajh ke karan unaki shayari mean bharat ki mool pahachan rach-bas gee hai.
kritiyaan
firaq gorakhapuri ne b di matra mean rachanaean ki thian. unaki shayari b di uchchakoti ki mani jati haian. ve b de nirbhik shayar the. unake kavita sangrah 'gulenagma' par 1960 mean unhean 'sahity akadami ka puraskar mila aur isi rachana par ve 1969 mean bharat ke ek aur pratishthit samman 'jnanapith puraskar' se sammanit kiye gaye the. unhoanne ek upanyas 'sadhu aur kutiya' aur kee kahaniyaan bhi likhi thian. urdoo, hindi aur aangrezi bhasha mean unaki das gady kritiyaan bhi prakashit huee haian. firaq gorakhapuri ki kuchh pramukh rachanaean nimnalikhit haian-
| kr. s. | rachana | kr. s. | rachana |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | gul-e-nagama | 2. | mashal |
| 3. | roohe-kayanat | 4. | nagm-e-saj |
| 5. | gajalistan | 6. | sheristan |
| 7. | shabanamistan | 8. | roop |
| 9. | dharati ki karavat | 10. | ramj v kayanat |
| 11. | chiragaan | 12. | shoala v saj |
| 13. | hazar dastan | 14. | bajme jindagi |
| 15. | gulabag | 16. | juganoo |
| 17. | nakoosh | 18. | adhirat |
| 19. | parachhaiyaan | 20. | taran-e-ishk |
[[chitr:Firaq Gorakhpuri-stamp.jpg|thumb|firaq sahab ke samman mean dak tikat]]
shaili
firaq gorakhapuri ne gazal, nazm aur rubaee tinoan vidhaoan mean kafi kaha hai. rubaee, nazm ki hi ek vidha hai, lekin asani ke lie ise nazm se alag kar liya gaya. unake kalam ka sabase bada aur aham hissa gazal hai aur yahi firaq ki pahachan hai. vah sauandaryabodh ke shayar haian aur yah bhav gazal aur rubaee donoan mean barabar vyakt hua hai. firaq sahab ne gazal aur rubaee ko naya lahaja aur nee avaz ada ki. is avaz mean atit ki gooanj bhi hai, vartaman ki bechaini bhi. farasi, hindi, brajabhasha aur hindoo dharm ki sanskriti ki gahari janakari ki vajah se unaki shayari mean hindustan ki mitti rach-bas gee hai. yah tathy bhi vichar karane yogy hai ki unaki shayari mean ashik aur mahaboob paranpara se bilkul alag apana svatantr sansar basaye hue haian-
sham bhi thi dhuaan-dhuaan, husn bhi tha udas-udas.
dil ko kee kahaniyaan yad si a ke rah gee॥
firaq sahab ki rubaiyoan mean tootakar mohabbat karane vali hiandustani aurat ki aisi khoobasoorat tasvirean milati haian, jinaki misal mushkil se milegi-
nirmal jal se naha ke ras se nikali putali,
baloan mean agarache ki khushaboo lipati.
satarang dhanush ki tarah hathoan ko uthaye,
phailati hai alagani par gili sadi॥[1]
'roop' ki rubaiyaan
firaq gorakhapuri ka kahana tha ki 'roop' ki rubaeeyoan mean ni:ssandeh hi ek bharatiy hindoo stri ka chehara hai, chahe rubaeeyaan urdoo mean hi kyoan n likhi gee hoan. 'roop' ki bhoomika mean ve likhate haian- "muslim kalchar bahut ooanchi chij hai, aur pavitr chij hai, magar usamean prakriti, bal jivan, naritv ka vah chitran ya ghareloo jivan ki vah boo–bas nahian milati, ve jadoo bhare bhed nahian milate, jo hindoo kalchar mean milate haian. kalchar ki yahi dharana hindoo gharanoan ke bartanoan mean, yahaan tak ki mitti ke bartanoan mean, dipakoan mean, khilaunoan mean, yahaan tak ki choolhe-chakki mean, chhoti-chhoti rasmoan mean aur hindoo ki saans mean isi ki dhvaniyaan, hindoo lokagitoan ko atyant manaviy sangit aur svargik sangit bana deti hai."[2]
babul mor nihar chhutal jae
oo dayodhi to parabat bhee, aangan bhayo bides
samman aur puraskar
- 'sahity akadami puraskar' - 1960 mean 'gul-e-nagama' ke lie.
- 'soviyat laiand neharoo avard' - 1968
- 'jnanapith puraskar' - 1969 mean 'gul-e-nagama' ke liye .
- 1968 mean firaq gorakhapuri ko sahity evan shiksha ke kshetr mean bharat sarakar dvara 'padm bhooshan' se bhi sammanit kiya gaya.
nidhan
3 march, 1892 mean firaq gorakhapuri ka dehaant ho gaya.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ ganga-jamuni tahajib ke shayar firaq gorakhapuri (hindi) yahoo jagaran d aaut k aaum. abhigaman tithi: 3 march, 2012.
- ↑ bharatiy saundary aur prem ka jadoo (hindi). . abhigaman tithi: 2 march, 2013.
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh