ग़ालिब का परिचय
thumb|right|220px|'divan-e-galib' ka avaran prishth galib urdoo-farasi ke prakhyat kavi tatha mahanh shayar the. inake dada 'mirza qauqan beg khaan' samarakand se bharat ae the. bad mean ve lahaur mean 'muinul mulk' ke yahaan naukar ke roop mean kary karane lage. mirza qauqan beg khaan ke b de bete 'abdulla beg khaan se mirza galib hue. abdulla beg khaan, navab asafuddaula ki fauj mean shamil hue aur phir haidarabad se hote hue alavar ke raja 'bakhtavar sianh' ke yahaan lag ge. lekin jab mirza galib mahaj 5 varsh ke the, tab ek l daee mean unake pita shahid ho ge. mirza galib ko tab unake chacha jan 'nasaruulla beg khan' ne sanbhala. par galib ke bachapan mean abhi aur duahkh v takaliphean shamil honi baki thian. jab ve 9 varsh ke the, tab chacha jan bhi chal base. mirza galib ka sampoorn jivan hi du:khoan se bhara hua tha. arthik tangi ne kabhi bhi inaka pichha nahian chho da. qarz mean hamesha ghire rahe, lekin apani shano-shauqat mean kabhi kami nahian ane dete the. inake sat bachchoan mean se ek bhi jivit nahian raha. jis peanshan ke sahare inhean v inake ghar ko ek sahara prapt tha, vah bhi band kar di gee thi.
aranbhik jivan
vansh parampara
eeran ke itihas mean jamashed ka nam prasiddh hai. yah thimoras ke bad sianhasanasin hua tha. 'jashne-nauroz' (nav varsh ka utsav) ka arambh isi ne kiya tha, jise aj bhi hamare desh mean parasi dharm ke log manate haian. kahate haian, isi ne 'drakshasav' ya 'aangoori'[1] ko janm diya tha. farasi evan urdoo kavy mean ‘jame-jam’ (jo ‘jame jamashed’ ka sankshipt roop hai)[2] amar ho gaya. isase itana to maloom p data hi hai ki yah madira ka upasak tha aur datakar pita aur pilata tha. jamashed ke antim dinoan mean bahut se log usake shasan evan prabandh se asantusht ho ge the. in bagiyoan ka neta zahak tha, jisane jamashed ko are se chirava diya tha, par vah svayan bhi itana praja pi dak nikala ki use sianhasan se utar diya gaya. isake bad jamashed ka pota 'pharidooan' gaddi par baitha, jisane pahali bar 'agni-mandir' ka nirman karaya. yahi pharidooan 'galib vansh' ka adi purush tha.
pharidooan ka rajy usake tin betoan- eraj, toor aur salam mean bant gaya. eraj ko eeran ka madhy bhag, toor ko poorvi tatha salam ko pashchimi kshetr mile. chooanki eraj ko pramukh bhag mila tha, isilie any donoan bhaee usase asantusht the. unhoanne milakar shadayantr kiya aur eraj ko marava dala. par bad mean eraj ke putr manochahar ne unase aisa badala liya ki ve turkistan bhag ge aur vahaan 'tooran' nam ka ek naya rajy qayam kiya. toor vansh aur eeraniyoan mean bahut dinoan tak yuddh hote rahe. tooraniyoan ke utthan-patan ka kram chalata raha. ant mean aibak ne khurasan, iraq ityadi mean sailajook rajy ki nianv dali. is rajavansh mean togaral beg (1037-1063 ee.), alap arsalan (1063-1072 ee.) tatha malikashah (1072-1092 ee.) ityadi hue, jinake samay mean toosi evan umar khayyam ke karan farasi kavy ka utkarsh hua. malikashah ke do bete the. chhote ka nam barkiyarooq (1094-1104 ee.) tha. isi ki vansh parampara mean galib hue. jab in logoan ka patan hua, khanadan titar-bitar ho gaya. log qismat azamane idhar-udhar chale ge. kuchh ne sainik seva ki or dhyan diya. is varg mean ek the, 'tarsamakhaan' jo samarakand rahane lage the. yahi galib ke paradada the.
dada aur pita
tarsamakhaan ke putr qauqan beg khaan, shahalam ke zamane mean apane pita se jhag dakar hindustan chale ae the. unaki matribhasha turki thi. hindustani bhasha mean b di kathinaee se kuchh toote-phoote shabd bol lete the. yah qauqan beg, 'galib' ke dada the. vah kuchh din tak lahaur mean rahe, aur phir dilli chale ae. bad mean shahalam ki naukari mean lag ge. 50 gho de, bheri aur pataka inhean mili aur pahasoo ka paragana risale aur kharch ke lie inhean mil gaya. qauqan beg khaan ke char bete aur tin betiyaan thian. betoan mean abdulla beg khaan aur nasaruulla beg khaan ka varnan milata hai. yahi abdulla beg khaan, 'galib' ke pita the. abdulla beg ka bhi janm dilli mean hi hua tha. jab tak pita jivit rahe, maze se kati, par unake marate hi pahasoo ki jagir hath se nikal gee.[3] abdulla beg khaan ki shadi agara (akabarabad) ke ek pratishth kul mean 'khvaja gulam husain khaan kamidan' ki beti, 'izzatunnisa' ke sath huee thi. gulam husain khaan ki agara mean kafi jayadad thi. vah ek fauji afasar the. is vivah se abdulla beg ko tin santanean hueean-'mirza asadulla beg khaan' (galib), mirza yoosuf aur sabase b di khanam.
janm
thumb|left|220px|mirza galib mirza asadulla khaan ka janm nanihal, agara mean 27 disambar, 1797 ee. ko rat ke samay hua tha. chooanki pita fauji naukari mean idhar-udhar ghoomate rahe, isilie zyadatar inaka lalan-palan nanihal mean hi hua. jab ye paanch sal ke the, tabhi pita ka dehant ho gaya tha. pita ke bad chacha nasarulla beg khaan ne svayan inhean b de pyar se pala. nasarulla beg khaan marathoan ki or se agara ke soobedar the, par jab l aaurd lek ne marathoan ko harakar agara par adhikar kar liya, tab yah pad bhi chhoot gaya aur usaki jagah ek aangrez kamishnar ki niyukti huee. kintu nasarulla beg khaan ke sale loharoo ke navab fakhuddaula ahamadabakhsh khaan ki l aaurd lek se mitrata thi. unaki sahayata se nasarulla beg aangrezi sena mean 400 savaroan ke risaladar niyukt ho ge. risale tatha inake bharan-poshan ke lie 1700 rupaye tanakhvah tay huee. isake bad mirza nasarulla beg ne svayan l dakar bharatapur ke nikat soank aur soansa ke do paragane holkar ke sipahiyoan se chhin lie, jo bad mean l aaurd lek dvara inhean de die ge. us samay sirf in paraganoan se hi lakh-dedh lakh salana amadani thi.
galib ka daur (urdoo bhasha - devanagari lipi)
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mirza asad ullah khaan ‘galib’ 27 disambar, 1797 ko paida hue. sitambar, 1796 mean ek fraansisi, parroan, jo apani qismat azamane hindustan aya tha, daulat rav siandhiya ki shahi fauj ka sipahasalar bana diya gaya. is haisiyat se vah hindustan ka gavarnar bhi tha. usane dilli ka muhasara karake[4] use fatah[5] kar liya aur apane ek kamaandar, le marashaan ko shahar ka gavarnar aur shah alak ka muhafij[6] muqarrar[7] kiya. usake bad usane agara par qabza kar liya. ab shumali[8] hindustan mean usake muqabale ka koee bhi nahian tha aur usaki humoomat ek ilaqe par thi, jisaki salana malaguzari[9] das lakh paund se zyada thi. vah aligadh ke qarib ek mahal mean shahana[10] shanau-shaukat[11] se rahata tha. yahian se vah rajaoan aur navaboan ke nam ahakamat[12] jari karata aur bagair kisi madakhalat[13] ke chanbal se sataluj tak apana hukm chalata tha.
15 sitambar, 1803 ee. ko janaral lek siandhiya ke ek saradar borgi ee ko shikast[14] dekar fatehana[15] aandaz se dakhil hua. borgi ee ka kuchh arse tak shahar par qabza rah chuka tha aur usane ise aangrezoan ke lie khali karane se pahale bahut ehatemam[16] se loota tha. janaral lek shahanshah k khidamat mean hazir hua, use b de-b de khitab[17] die ge aur shahalam aur usake ja-nashin[18] eest indiya kampani ke vazifa-khvar[19] ho ge.
atthaharavian sadi ka doosara hissa vah zamana tha, jab yoorop se sipahi aur tajir[20] hindustan mean apani qismat ajamane ae aur unhoanne khoob hangame kie. isake muqabale mean bast[21] eshiya se mauqe aur mash[22] ki talash mean ane valoan ki tadad kam thi, magar tho de-bahut ate hi rahe. inhian mean se ek mirza qoqan beg, muhammad shahi daur ke akhir mean samarakand se ae aur lahaur mean mueen-ul-mulk ke yahaan mulazim[23] hue. unake bare mean hamean kam hi maloom hai. unake do l dake the, mirza galib ke valid[24] abdullah beg aur nasr ullah beg. abdulla beg ko sipagahari[25] ke peshe mean koee khas kamayabi prapt nahian huee. pahale vah asif uddaula ki fauj mean mulazim hue, phir haidarabad mean aur phir alavar ke raja bakhtavar sianh ke yahaan. beshatar[26] vaqt unhoanne ‘khana damad’[27] ki haisiyat se guzara. sanh 1802 ee. mean vah ek l daee mean kam ae, jab galib ki umr paanch sal ki thi. unase sabase qaribi[28] aziz, [29] loharoo ke navab, bhi turkistan se ae hue khanadan ke the aur unake jadde-ala[30] bhi usi zamane mean hindustan ae the, jis vaqt mirza qoqam beg ae the. ... aur padhean
| left|30px|link=galib|pichhe jaean | galib ka parichay | right|30px|link=galib ka bachapan evan shiksha|age jaean |
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ aangoor se sambandh rakhane vali ya ek prakar ki madira
- ↑ 'jame-jam' kahate haian- jamashed ne ek aisa jam (pyala) banavaya tha, jisase sansar ki samast vastuoan aur ghatanaoan ka jnan ho jata tha. jan p data hai, is pyale mean koee aisi chiz pilaee jati hogi, jise pine par tarah-tarah ke kalpanik drishy dikhane lagate hoange. jamejam ke lie jame jamashed, jame jahaannuma, jame jahaanbian ityadi shabd bhi prachalit haian.
- ↑ galib ki rachanaean-kulliyate nasr aur urdoo-e-moalla, dekhane se maloom hota hai ki unake pita abdulla beg khaan, jinhean 'mirza doolha' bhi kaha jata tha, pahale lakhanoo jakar navab asafuddaula ki seva mean niyukt hue. kuchh hi dinoan bad vahaan se haidarabad chale ge aur navab nizam alikhaan ki seva ki. vahaan 300 savaroan ke afasar rahe. vahaan bhi zyada din nahian tike aur alavar pahuanch ge tatha vahaan ke raja bakhtavar sianh ki naukari mean rahe. 1802 ee. mean vahian gadhi ki l daee mean unaki mrityu ho gee. par pita ki mrityu ke bad bhi vetan asadulla khaan (galib) tatha unake chhote bhaee yoosuf ko milata raha. tal da nam ka ek gaanv bhi jagir mean mila tha.
- ↑ gherakar
- ↑ jit
- ↑ rakshak
- ↑ niyukt
- ↑ uttari
- ↑ bhoomikar
- ↑ rajasi
- ↑ that-bat
- ↑ adesh
- ↑ rok-tok
- ↑ parajay
- ↑ vijayi, vijeta
- ↑ ayojan
- ↑ upadhiyaan, alankaran
- ↑ uttaradhikari
- ↑ vazifa pane vale
- ↑ vyapari
- ↑ madhy
- ↑ jivika
- ↑ naukar
- ↑ pita
- ↑ sipahigiri
- ↑ adhikaansh
- ↑ gharajavaanee
- ↑ nikat ke
- ↑ priy vyakti
- ↑ poorvaj
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bahari k diyaan
hindi path k diyaan |
aangrezi path k diyaan |
vidiyo k diyaan |
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| link=#top|center|oopar jayean |
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sanbandhit lekh
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