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kabir (janm- sanh 1398 kashi - mrityu- sanh 1518 magahar) ka nam kabiradas, kabir sahab evan sant kabir jaise roopoan mean bhi prasiddh hai. ye madhyakalin bharat ke svadhinacheta mahapurush the aur inaka parichay, pray: inake jivanakal se hi, inhean saphal sadhak, bhakt kavi, matapravartak athava samaj sudharak manakar diya jata raha hai tatha inake nam par kabirapanth namak sanpraday bhi prachalit hai. kabirapanthi inhean ek alaukik avatari purush manate haian aur inake sanbandh mean bahut si chamatkarapoorn kathaean bhi suni jati haian. inaka koee pramanik jivanavritt aj tak nahian mil saka, jis karan is vishay mean nirnay karate samay, adhikatar janashrutiyoan, saanpradayik granthoan aur vividh ullekhoan tatha inaki abhi tak upalabdh katipay phutakal rachanaoan ke aant:sadhy ka hi sahara liya jata raha hai. phalat: is sanbandh mean tatha inake mat ke bhi vishay mean bahut kuchh matabhed paya jata hai.
sant kabir das hiandi sahity ke bhakti kal ke ikalaute aise kavi haian, jo ajivan samaj aur logoan ke bich vyapt adanbaroan par kutharaghat karate rahe. vah karm pradhan samaj ke pairokar the aur isaki jhalak unaki rachanaoan mean saph jhalakati hai. lok kalyan hetu hi mano unaka samast jivan tha. kabir ko vastav mean ek sachche vishv - premi ka anubhav tha. kabir ki sabase b di visheshata yah thi ki unaki pratibha mean abadh gati aur adamy prakharata. samaj mean kabir ko jagaran yug ka agradoot kaha jata hai.
d aau. hazari prasad dvivedi ne likha hai ki sadhana ke kshetr mean ve yug - yug ke guru the, unhoanne sant kavy ka path pradarshan kar sahity kshetr mean nav nirman kiya tha.
jivan parichay
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
janm
- kabiradas ke janm ke sanbandh mean anek kianvadantiyaan haian. kabir panthiyoan ki manyata hai ki kabir ka janm kashi mean laharatara talab mean utpann kamal ke manohar pushp ke oopar balak ke roop mean hua. kuchh logoan ka kahana hai ki ve janm se musalaman the aur yuvavastha mean svami ramanand ke prabhav se unhean hindoo dharm ki batean maloom hueean. ek din, ek pahar rat rahate hi kabir panchaganga ghat ki sidhiyoan par gir p de. ramanand ji ganga snan karane ke liye sidhiyaan utar rahe the ki tabhi unaka pair kabir ke sharir par p d gaya. unake mukh se tatkal `ram-ram' shabd nikal p da. usi ram ko kabir ne diksha-mantr man liya aur ramanand ji ko apana guru svikar kar liya. kabir ke hi shabdoan mean-
ham kasi mean prakat bhaye haian,
ramanand chetaye.
- kabirapanthiyoan mean inake janm ke vishay mean yah pady prasiddh hai-
chaudah sau pachapan sal ge, chandravar ek thath the.
jeth sudi barasayat ko pooranamasi tithi pragat bhe॥
ghan garajean damini damake booande barashean jhar lag ge.
lahar talab mean kamal khile tahan kabir bhanu pragat bhe॥[1]
mrityu
kabir ne kashi ke pas magahar mean deh tyag di. aisi manyata hai ki mrityu ke bad unake shav ko lekar vivad utpann ho gaya tha. hindoo kahate the ki unaka aantim sanskar hindoo riti se hona chahie aur muslim kahate the ki muslim riti se. isi vivad ke chalate jab unake shav par se chadar hat gee, tab logoan ne vahaan phooloan ka dher p da dekha. bad mean vahaan se adhe phool hinduoan ne le lie aur adhe musalamanoan ne. musalamanoan ne muslim riti se aur hianduoan ne hiandoo riti se un phooloan ka aantim sanskar kiya. magahar mean kabir ki samadhi hai. janm ki bhaanti inaki mrityu tithi evan ghatana ko lekar bhi matabhed haian kintu adhikatar vidvan unaki mrityu sanvat 1575 vikrami (san 1518 ee.) manate haian, lekin bad ke kuchh itihasakar unaki mrityu 1448 ko manate haian.[2]
samakalin samajik paristhiti
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
mahatma kabiradas ke janm ke samay mean bharat ki rajanitik, samajik, arthik evan dharmik dasha shochaniy thi. ek taraph musalaman shasakoan ki dharmaanndhata se janata pareshan thi aur doosari taraph hindoo dharm ke karmakaand, vidhan aur pakhand se dharm ka hras ho raha tha. janata mean bhakti- bhavanaoan ka sarvatha abhav tha. panditoan ke pakhandapoorn vachan samaj mean phaile the. aise sangharsh ke samay mean, kabiradas ka prardubhav hua. jis yug mean kabir avirbhoot hue the, usake kuchh hi poorv bharatavarsh ke itihas mean ek abhootapoorv ghatana ghat chuki thi. yah ghatana islam jaise ek susangathit sampraday ka agaman tha. is ghatana ne bharatiy dharm–mat aur samaj vyavastha ko buri tarah se jhakajhor diya tha. usaki aparivartaniy samajhi jane vali jati–vyavastha ko pahali bar zabardast thokar lagi thi. sara bharatiy vatavaran sankshubdh tha. bahut–se panditajan is sankshobh ka karan khojane mean vyast the aur apane–apane dhang par bharatiy samaj aur dharm–mat ko sambhalane ka prayatn kar rahe the.
- REDIRECTsaancha:inhean bhi dekhean
sahityik parichay
chitr:Blockquote-open.gif
kabir ki vani ka anukaran nahian ho sakata. anukaran karane ki sabhi cheshtaean vyarth siddh huee haian. isi vyaktitv ke karan kabir ki uktiyaan shrota ko balapoorvak akrisht karati haian. isi vyaktitv ke akarshan ko sahriday samalochak sambhal nahian pata aur rijhakar kabir ko 'kavi' kahane mean santosh pata hai.
chitr:Blockquote-close.gif |
kabir sant kavi aur samaj sudharak the. unaki kavita ka ek-ek shabd pakhandiyoan ke pakhandavad aur dharm ke nam par dhoang v svarthapoorti ki niji dukanadariyoan ko lalakarata hua aya aur asaty v anyay ki pol khol dhajjiyaan u data chala gaya. kabir ka anubhoot saty aandhavishvasoan par baroodi palita tha. saty bhi aisa jo aj tak ke parivesh par savaliya nishan ban chot bhi karata hai aur khot bhi nikalata hai.
kabiradas ki bhasha aur shaili
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
kabiradas ne bolachal ki bhasha ka hi prayog kiya hai. bhasha par kabir ka jabaradast adhikar tha. ve vani ke diktetar the. jis bat ko unhoanne jis roop mean prakat karana chaha hai, use usi roop mean kahalava liya– ban gaya hai to sidhe–sidhe, nahian darera dekar. bhasha kuchh kabir ke samane lachar–si nazar ati hai. usamean mano aisi himmat hi nahian hai ki is laparavah phakk d ki kisi faramaish ko nahian kar sake. aur akah kahani ko roop dekar manograhi bana dene ki to jaisi takat kabir ki bhasha mean hai vaisi bahut hi kam lekhakoan mean paee jati hai. asim–anant brahmanand mean atma ka sakshibhoot hokar milana kuchh vani ke agochar, pak d mean n a sakane vali hi bat hai. par 'behaddi maidan mean raha kabira' mean n keval us gambhir nigoodh tattv ko moortiman kar diya gaya hai, balki apani fakk dana prakriti ki muhar bhi mar di gee hai. vani ke aise badashah ko sahity–rasik kavyanand ka asvadan karane vala samajhean to unhean dosh nahian diya ja sakata. phir vyangy karane mean aur chutaki lene mean bhi kabir apana pratidvandvi nahian janate. pandit aur qazi, avadhu aur jogiya, mulla aur maulavi sabhi unake vyangy se tilamila jate the. atyant sidhi bhasha mean ve aisi chot karate haian ki khanevala keval dhool jha d ke chal dene ke siva aur koee rasta nahian pata.
panchamel khich di bhasha
[[chitr:26-maghar.jpg|thumb|250px|kabiradas ki majar aur samadhi, magahar, uttar pradesh]] kabir ki rachanaoan mean anek bhashaoan ke shabd milate haian yatha - arabi, farasi, panjabi, bundelakhandi, brajabhasha, kh diboli adi ke shabd milate haian isalie inaki bhasha ko 'panchamel khich di' ya 'sadhukk di' bhasha kaha jata hai. prasang kram se isamean kabiradas ki bhasha aur shaili samajhane ke kary se kabhi–kabhi age badhane ka sahas kiya gaya hai. jo vani ke agochar haian, use vani ke dvara abhivyakt karane ki cheshta ki gee hai; jo man aur buddhi ki pahuanch se pare haian; use buddhi ke bal par samajhane ki koshish ki gee hai; jo desh aur kal ki sima ke pare haian, use do–char–das prishthoan mean baandh dalane ki sahasikata dikhaee gee hai. kahate haian, samast puran aur mahabharatiy sanhita likhane ke bad vyasadev mean atyant anutap ke sath kaha tha ki 'he adhil vishv ke gurudev, apaka koee roop nahian hai, phir bhi maianne dhyan ke dvara in granthoan mean roop ki kalpana ki hai; ap anirvachaniy haian, vyakhya karake apake svaroop ko samajha sakana sambhav nahian hai, phir bhi maianne stuti ke dvara vyakhya karane ki koshish ki hai. vani ke dvara prakash karane ka prayas kiya hai. tum samast–bhuvan–vyapt ho, is brahmaannd ke pratyek anu–paramanu mean tum bhine hue ho, tathapi tirth–yatradi vidhan se us vyapitv ko khandit kiya hai.
vyaktitv
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
hindi sahity ke hazar varshoan ke itihas mean kabir jaisa vyaktitv lekar koee lekhak utpann nahian hua. mahima mean yah vyaktitv keval ek hi pratidvandvi janata hai, tulasidas. parantu tulasidas aur kabir ke vyaktitv mean b da antar tha. yadyapi donoan hi bhakt the, parantu donoan svabhav, sanskar aur drishtikon mean ekadam bhinn the. masti, fakk dana svabhav aur sabakuchh ko jha d–phatakar kar chal dene vale tez ne kabir ko hindi–sahity ka advitiy vyakti bana diya hai. thumb|left|200px|kabir
akarshak vakta
kabir ki vaniyoan mean sabakuchh ko chhakar unaka sarvajayi vyaktitv virajata rahata hai. usi ne kabir ki vaniyoan mean anany–asadharan jivan ras bhar diya hai. kabir ki vani ka anukaran nahian ho sakata. anukaran karane ki sabhi cheshtaean vyarth siddh huee haian. isi vyaktitv ke karan kabir ki uktiyaan shrota ko balapoorvak akrisht karati haian. isi vyaktitv ke akarshan ko sahriday samalochak sambhal nahian pata aur rijhakar kabir ko 'kavi' kahane mean santosh pata hai. aise akarshak vakta ko 'kavi' n kaha jae to aur kya kaha jae? parantu yah bhool nahian jana chahie ki yah kaviroop ghalue mean mili huee vastu hai. kabir ne kavita likhane ki pratijna karake apani batean nahian kahi thian. unaki chhandoyojana, uchit–vaichitry aur alankar vidhan poorn–roop se svabhavik aur ayatnasadhit haian. kavyagat roodhiyoan ke n to ve janakar the aur n hi qayal. apane anany–sadharan vyaktitv ke karan hi ve sahriday ko akrisht karate haian. unamean ek aur b da bhari gun hai, jo unhean anyany santoan se vishesh bana deta hai.
rachanaean
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
kabiradas ne hindoo-musalaman ka bhed mita kar hindoo-bhaktoan tatha musalaman fakiroan ka satsang kiya aur donoan ki achchhi batoan ko hridayaangam kar liya. sant kabir ne svayan granth nahian likhe, muanh se bole aur unake shishyoan ne use likh liya. kabiradas anapadh the. kabiradas ke samast vicharoan mean ram-nam ki mahima pratidhvanit hoti hai. ve ek hi eeshvar ko manate the aur karmakand ke ghor virodhi the. avatar, moortti, roza, eed, masjid, mandir adi ko ve nahian manate the. kabir ke nam se mile granthoan ki sankhya bhinn-bhinn lekhoan ke anusar bhinn-bhinn hai. kabir ki vani ka sangrah `bijak' ke nam se prasiddh hai. isake tin bhag haian-
bijak
chitr:Blockquote-open.gif
hindi sahity ke hazar varshoan ke itihas mean kabir jaisa vyaktitv lekar koee lekhak utpann nahian hua. mahima mean yah vyaktitv keval ek hi pratidvandvi janata hai, tulasidas.
chitr:Blockquote-close.gif |
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
'bijak' kabiradas ke matoan ka purana aur pramanik sangrah hai, isamean sandeh nahian. ek dhyan dene yogy bat isamean yah hai ki 'bijak' mean 84 ramainiyaan haian. ramainiyaan chaupaee chhand mean likhi gee haian. inamean kuchh ramainiyaan aisi haian. jinake aant mean ek-ek sakhi uddhrit ki gee hai. sakhi uddhrit karane ka arth yah hota hai ki koee doosara adami manoan in ramainiyoan ko likh raha hai aur is ramaini-roop vyakhya ke praman mean kabir ki sakhi ya gavahi pesh kar raha hai. jalandharanath ke shishy kunnapad (kanapa) ne kaha hai: 'sakhi karab jalandhari pae', astu bahut tho di-si ramainiyaan (nan. 3,28 32, 42, 56, 62, 70, 80) aisi haian jinake aant mean sakhiyaan nahian haian. parantu is prakar uddhrit karane ka kya arth ho sakata hai? is pustak mean maianne 'bijak' ko nissankoch praman-roop mean vyavahrit hai, par svay 'bijak' hi is bat ka praman hai ki sakhiyoan ko sabase adhik pramanik samajhana chahie, kyoanki svany 'bijak' ne hi ramainiyoan ki pramanikata ke lie sakhiyoan ka havala diya hai. isilie kabiradas ke siddhaantoan ki janakari ka sabase uttam sadhan sakhiyaan hai.[3]
avadhoo aur avadhoot
bharatiy sahity mean yah 'avadhoo' shabd kee sanpradayoan ke siddh acharyoan ke arth mean vyavahut hua hai. sadharanat: jagatik dvandvoan se atit, manapaman-vivarjit, pahuanche hue yogi ko avadhoot kaha jata hai. yah shabd mukhyataya taantrikoan, sahajayaniyoan aur yogiyoan ka hai. sahajayan aur vajrayan namak bauddh taantrik matoan mean 'avadhooti vritti' namak ek vishesh prakar ki yaugik vritti ka ullekh milata hai.[4] ...aur padhean
niranjan kaun hai?
madhyayug ke yog, mantr aur bhakti ke sahity mean 'niranjan' shabd ka barambar ullekh milata hai. nathapanth mean bhi 'niranjan' shabd khoob parichit hai. sadharan roop mean 'niranjan' shabd nirgun brahm ka aur vishesh roop se shiv ka vachak hai. nathapanth ki bhaanti ek aur prachin panth bhi tha, jo niranjan pad ko paramapad manata tha. jis prakar nathapanthi nath ko paramaradhy manate the, usi prakar ye log 'niranjan' ko. ajakal niranjani sadhuoan ka ek sampraday rajapootane mean vartaman hai. kahate haian, is sampraday ke pravartak svami niranand niranjan bhagavan (nirgun) ke upasak the. ...aur padhean
kabir ke dohe
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
yahaan kabiradas ke kuchh dohe diye gaye haian.
(1) sadhoo bhookha bhav ka, dhan ka bhookha nahian.
dhan ka bhookha ji phirai, so to sadhoo nahian ॥
vyakhya:- kabir das ji kahate haian ki santajan to bhav ke bhookhe hote haian, aur dhan ka lobh unako nahian hota. jo dhan ka bhookha banakar ghoomata hai vah to sadhoo ho hi nahian sakata.
(2) jaisa bhojan khaiye, taisa hi man hoy.
jaisa pani pijiye, taisi vani hoy..
vyakhya:- sant shiromani kabiradas kahate haian ki jaisa bhojan karoge, vaisa hi man ka nirman hoga aur jaisa jal piyoge vaisi hi vani hogi arthat shuddh-satvik ahar tatha pavitr jal se man aur vani pavitr hote haian isi prakar jo jaisi sangati karata hai vaisa hi ban jata hai.
guru goviand dou kh de kake lagooan pay. |
aisi vani bolie man ka apa khoye . |
loot sake to loot le, ram nam ki loot . |
b da bhaya to kya bhaya, jaise pe d khajoor . |
bura jo dekhan maian chala, bura n miliya koy . |
tinaka kabahuan na niandaye, jo paanv tale hoy . |
duahkh mean sumiran sab kare, sukh mean kare n koy . |
mati kahe kumar se, too kya roande mohe . |
maangan maran saman hai, mat maango koee bhikh,. |
chalati chakki dekh ke, diya kabira roye . |
kal kare so aj kar, aj kare so ab . |
maya mari n man mara, mar-mar ge sharir . |
jahaan daya taha dharm hai, jahaan lobh vahaan pap . |
jo ghat prem n sanchare, jo ghat jan saman . |
kabira jab ham paida hue, jag hanse ham roye. |
kabir suta kya kare, jagi n jape murari. |
kabir khada bazar mean, sabaki maange khair . |
utha bagula prem ka, tinaka chadha akas. |
pothi padh padh jag mua, pandit bhaya n koy . |
ram bulava bhejiya, diya kabira roy . |
sadhoo gaanth n baandhee udar samata ley. |
saeean itana dijiye, jame kutuanb samaye. |
sumiran soorat lagaeean ke, mukh se kachhu n bol . |
kami krodhi lalachi, inase bhakti n hoy . |
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ kabir granthavali (hiandi) (ech.ti.em.el) hiandi samay d aaut k aaum. abhigaman tithi: 2 agast, 2011.
- ↑ sant kavi kabir (hiandi) (ech.ti.em.el) veb duniya. abhigaman tithi: 4 agast, 2011.
- ↑ sakhi aankhi jnan ki, samujhi dekhu man mahi. vin sakhi sansar kau, jhagara chhootat nahi॥ sakhi, 369
- ↑ chayapid, 27-2;17-. dekhie; prishth 124 ka doha bhi dekhie.
- anil chaudhari dvara nirdeshit dooradarshan par bana dharavahik "kabir" ek utkrisht rachana hai.
- hazari prasad dvivedi ki rachana "kabir" sant kabir par sabase utkrisht rachana hai.
bahari k diyaan
- yoo-tyoob liank
- magahar ka vidiyo (yoo tyoob par)
- jhini chadariya (avaj- pan. kumar gandharv)
- sunata hai guru jnani (avaj- pan. kumar gandharv)
- nirbhay nirgun gun re gaooanga (avaj- pan. kumar gandharv aur vidushi vasuandhara komakali)
- u d jayega hans akela (avaj- pan. kumar gandharv)
sanbandhit lekh