ग़ालिब

galib vishay soochi

galib    parichay    bachapan evan shiksha    nikah    prarambhik kavy    arthik kathinaiyaan    peanshan    muqadama    agamir se mulaqat    giraftari    aantim samay    mrityu    vyaktitv    daur    rachanaean

galib
|200px|center
poora nam	mirza asadulla beg khan 'galib'
janm	27 disambar 1797
janm bhoomi	agara, uttar pradesh
mrityu	15 faravari, 1869
mrityu sthan	dilli
pati/patni	umarav begam
karm bhoomi	dilli
karm-kshetr	shayar
mukhy rachanaean	'divan-e-galib', 'urdoo-e-hindi', 'urdoo-e-mualla', 'nam-e-galib', 'latayaphe gaibi', 'duvapashe kaveyani' adi.
vishay	urdoo shayari
bhasha	urdoo aur farasi bhasha
sanbandhit lekh	galib ka daur
inhean bhi dekhean	kavi soochi, sahityakar soochi

galib athava mirza asadulla beg khan (aangrezi:Ghalib athava Mirza Asadullah Baig Khan, urdoo: غالب athava مرزا اسدللا بےغ خان) (janm- 27 disambar, 1797 ee. agara - 15 faravari, 1869 ee. dilli) jinhean sari duniya 'mirza galib' ke nam se janati hai, urdoo-farasi ke prakhyat kavi rahe haian. inake dada 'mirza qauqan beg khaan' samarakand se bharat ae the. bad mean ve lahaur mean 'muinul mulk' ke yahaan naukar ke roop mean kary karane lage. mirza qauqan beg khaan ke b de bete 'abdulla beg khaan se mirza galib hue. abdulla beg khaan, navab asafuddaula ki fauj mean shamil hue aur phir haidarabad se hote hue alavar ke raja 'bakhtavar sianh' ke yahaan lag ge. lekin jab mirza galib mahaj 5 varsh ke the, tab ek l daee mean unake pita shahid ho ge. mirza galib ko tab unake chacha jan 'nasaruulla beg khan' ne sanbhala. par galib ke bachapan mean abhi aur duahkh v takaliphean shamil honi baki thian. jab ve 9 sal ke the, tab chacha jan bhi chal base. mirza galib ka sampoorn jivan hi du:khoan se bhara hua tha. arthik tangi ne kabhi bhi inaka pichha nahian chho da tha. qarz mean hamesha ghire rahe, lekin apani shano-shauqat mean kabhi kami nahian ane dete the. inake sat bachchoan mean se ek bhi jivit nahian raha. jis peanshan ke sahare inhean v inake ghar ko ek sahara prapt tha, vah bhi band kar di gee thi.

aranbhik jivan

vansh parampara

eeran ke itihas mean jamashed ka nam prasiddh hai. yah thimoras ke bad sianhasanasin hua tha. 'jashne-nauroz' (nav varsh ka utsav) ka arambh isi ne kiya tha, jise aj bhi hamare desh mean parasi dharm ke log manate haian. kahate haian, isi ne 'drakshasav' ya 'aangoori' ko janm diya tha. farasi evan urdoo kavy mean ‘jame-jam’ (jo ‘jame jamashed’ ka sankshipt roop hai) amar ho gaya. isase itana to maloom p data hi hai ki yah madira ka upasak tha aur datakar pita aur pilata tha. jamashed ke antim dinoan mean bahut se log usake shasan evan prabandh se asantusht ho ge the. in bagiyoan ka neta zahak tha, jisane jamashed ko are se chirava diya tha, par vah svayan bhi itana praja pi dak nikala ki use sianhasan se utar diya gaya. isake bad jamashed ka pota 'pharidooan' gaddi par baitha, jisane pahali bar 'agni-mandir' ka nirman karaya. yahi pharidooan 'galib vansh' ka adi purush tha. thumb|galib|left pharidooan ka rajy usake tin betoan- eraj, toor aur salam mean bant gaya. eraj ko eeran ka madhy bhag, toor ko poorvi tatha salam ko pashchimi kshetr mile. chooanki eraj ko pramukh bhag mila tha, isilie any donoan bhaee usase asantusht the. unhoanne milakar shadayantr kiya aur eraj ko marava dala. par bad mean eraj ke putr manochahar ne unase aisa badala liya ki ve turkistan bhag ge aur vahaan 'tooran' nam ka ek naya rajy qayam kiya. toor vansh aur eeraniyoan mean bahut dinoan tak yuddh hote rahe. tooraniyoan ke utthan-patan ka kram chalata raha. ant mean aibak ne khurasan, iraq ityadi mean sailajook rajy ki nianv dali. is rajavansh mean togaral beg (1037-1063 ee.), alap arsalan (1063-1072 ee.) tatha malikashah (1072-1092 ee.) ityadi hue, jinake samay mean toosi evan umar khayyam ke karan farasi kavy ka utkarsh hua. malikashah ke do bete the. chhote ka nam barkiyarooq (1094-1104 ee.) tha. isi ki vansh parampara mean galib hue. jab in logoan ka patan hua, khanadan titar-bitar ho gaya. log qismat azamane idhar-udhar chale ge. kuchh ne sainik seva ki or dhyan diya. is varg mean ek the, 'tarsamakhaan' jo samarakand rahane lage the. yahi galib ke paradada the.

dada aur pita

tarsamakhaan ke putr qauqan beg khaan, shahalam ke zamane mean apane pita se jhag dakar hindustan chale ae the. unaki matribhasha turki thi. hindustani bhasha mean b di kathinaee se kuchh toote-phoote shabd bol lete the. yah qauqan beg, 'galib' ke dada the. vah kuchh din tak lahaur mean rahe, aur phir dilli chale ae. bad mean shahalam ki naukari mean lag ge. 50 gho de, bheri aur pataka inhean mili aur pahasoo ka paragana risale aur kharch ke lie inhean mil gaya. qauqan beg khaan ke char bete aur tin betiyaan thian. betoan mean abdulla beg khaan aur nasaruulla beg khaan ka varnan milata hai. yahi abdulla beg khaan, 'galib' ke pita the. abdulla beg ka bhi janm dilli mean hi hua tha. jab tak pita jivit rahe, maze se kati, par unake marate hi pahasoo ki jagir hath se nikal gee. abdulla beg khaan ki shadi agara (akabarabad) ke ek pratishth kul mean 'khvaja gulam husain khaan kamidan' ki beti, 'izzatunnisa' ke sath huee thi. gulam husain khaan ki agara mean kafi jayadad thi. vah ek fauji afasar the. is vivah se abdulla beg ko tin santanean hueean-'mirza asadulla beg khaan' (galib), mirza yoosuf aur sabase b di khanam.

galib ka janm

thumb|250px|mirza galib mirza asadulla khaan ka janm nanihal, agara mean 27 sitambar, 1797 ee. ko rat ke samay hua tha. chooanki pita fauji naukari mean idhar-udhar ghoomate rahe, isilie zyadatar inaka lalan-palan nanihal mean hi hua. jab ye paanch sal ke the, tabhi pita ka dehant ho gaya tha. pita ke bad chacha nasarulla beg khaan ne svayan inhean b de pyar se pala. nasarulla beg khaan marathoan ki or se agara ke soobedar the, par jab l aaurd lek ne marathoan ko harakar agara par adhikar kar liya, tab yah pad bhi chhoot gaya aur usaki jagah ek aangrez kamishnar ki niyukti huee. kintu nasarulla beg khaan ke sale loharoo ke navab fakhuddaula ahamadabakhsh khaan ki l aaurd lek se mitrata thi. unaki sahayata se nasarulla beg aangrezi sena mean 400 savaroan ke risaladar niyukt ho ge. risale tatha inake bharan-poshan ke lie 1700 rupaye tanakhvah tay huee. isake bad mirza nasarulla beg ne svayan l dakar bharatapur ke nikat soank aur soansa ke do paragane holkar ke sipahiyoan se chhin lie, jo bad mean l aaurd lek dvara inhean de die ge. us samay sirf in paraganoan se hi lakh-dedh lakh salana amadani thi.

galib ka daur _{(urdoo bhasha - devanagari lipi)}

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

mirza asad ullah khaan ‘galib’ 27 sitambar, 1797 ko paida hue. sitambar, 1796 mean ek fraansisi, parroan, jo apani qismat azamane hindustan aya tha, daulat rav siandhiya ki shahi fauj ka sipahasalar bana diya gaya. is haisiyat se vah hindustan ka gavarnar bhi tha. usane dilli ka muhasara karake use fatah kar liya aur apane ek kamaandar, le marashaan ko shahar ka gavarnar aur shah alak ka muhafij muqarrar kiya. usake bad usane agara par qabza kar liya. ab shumali hindustan mean usake muqabale ka koee bhi nahian tha aur usaki humoomat ek ilaqe par thi, jisaki salana malaguzari das lakh paund se zyada thi. vah aligadh ke qarib ek mahal mean shahana shanau-shaukat se rahata tha. yahian se vah rajaoan aur navaboan ke nam ahakamat jari karata aur bagair kisi madakhalat ke chanbal se sataluj tak apana hukm chalata tha. 15 sitambar, 1803 ee. ko janaral lek siandhiya ke ek saradar borgi ee ko shikast dekar fatehana aandaz se dakhil hua. borgi ee ka kuchh arse tak shahar par qabza rah chuka tha aur usane ise aangrezoan ke lie khali karane se pahale bahut ehatemam se loota tha. janaral lek shahanshah k khidamat mean hazir hua, use b de-b de khitab die ge aur shahalam aur usake ja-nashin eest indiya kampani ke vazifa-khvar ho ge. atthaharavian sadi ka doosara hissa vah zamana tha, jab yoorop se sipahi aur tajir hindustan mean apani qismat ajamane ae aur unhoanne khoob hangame kie. isake muqabale mean bast eshiya se mauqe aur mash ki talash mean ane valoan ki tadad kam thi, magar tho de-bahut ate hi rahe. inhian mean se ek mirza qoqan beg, muhammad shahi daur ke akhir mean samarakand se ae aur lahaur mean mueen-ul-mulk ke yahaan mulazim hue. unake bare mean hamean kam hi maloom hai. unake do l dake the, mirza galib ke valid abdullah beg aur nasr ullah beg. abdulla beg ko sipagahari ke peshe mean koee khas kamayabi prapt nahian huee. pahale vah asif uddaula ki fauj mean mulazim hue, phir haidarabad mean aur phir alavar ke raja bakhtavar sianh ke yahaan. beshatar vaqt unhoanne ‘khana damad’ ki haisiyat se guzara. sanh 1802 ee. mean vah ek l daee mean kam ae, jab galib ki umr paanch sal ki thi. unase sabase qaribi aziz, loharoo ke navab, bhi turkistan se ae hue khanadan ke the aur unake jadde-ala bhi usi zamane mean hindustan ae the, jis vaqt mirza qoqam beg ae the. ... aur padhean

chacha ki mrityu aur peanshan

ek hi sal bad chacha ki mrityu ho gee. l aaurd lek dvara navab ahamadabakhsh khaan ko firozapur jhurka ka ilaqa 25,000 salana kar par mila hua tha. nasarulla beg khaan ki mrityu ke bad unhoanne yah faisala kara liya ki, 25,000 ka kar maf kar diya jae. isaki jagah 50 savaroan ka ek 'risala' (sainikoan ki ek tuk di) rakhooan, jis par 15,000 salana kharch hoga, aur jo avashyakata p dane par aangrez sarakar ki seva ke lie bheja jaega. shesh 10,000 nasarulla beg khaan ke uttaradhikariyoan ko vritti roop mean diya jae. yah shart man li gee.

bachapan evan prarambhik shiksha

yah thik hai ki pita ki mrityu ke bad chacha ne hi inaka palan kiya tha, par shighr hi inaki bhi mrityu ho gee thi aur ye apani nanihal mean a ge. pita svayan ghar-jamaee ki tarah sada sasural mean rahe. vahian unaki santanoan ka bhi palan-poshan hua. nanihal khushahal tha. isalie galib ka bachapan adhikatar vahian par bita aur b de aram se bita. un logoan ke pas kafi jayadad thi. galib khud apane ek patr mean ‘mafidul khayayaq’ pres ke malik muanshi shivanarayan ko, jinake dada ke sath galib ke nana ki gahari dosti thi, likhate haian-
“hamari b di haveli vah hai, jo ab lakkhichand seth ne mol li hai. isi ke daravaze ki sangin barahadari par meri nashast thi. aur usi ke pas ek ‘khatiyavali haveli’ aur salimashah ke takiya ke pas doosari haveli aur kale mahal se lagi huee ek aur haveli aur isase age badhakar ek katara jo ki ‘g dariyoan vala’ mashahoor tha aur ek doosara katara jo ki ‘kashmiran vala’ kahalata tha. is katare ke ek kothe par maian patang u data tha aur raja balavan sianh se patang l da karate the.”

chitr:Blockquote-open.gif arthik tangi ne kabhi bhi inaka pichha nahian chho da tha. qarz mean hamesha ghire rahe, lekin apani shano-shauqat mean kabhi kami nahian ane dete the. inake sat bachchoan mean se ek bhi jivit nahian raha. jis peanshan ke sahare inhean v inake ghar ko ek sahara prapt tha, vah bhi band kar di gee thi. chitr:Blockquote-close.gif

is prakar se nanihal mean maze se guzarati thi. aram hi aram tha. ek or khushahal, parantu patalashil uchch madhyamavarg ki jivan vidhi ke anusar inhean patang, shataranj aur jue ki adat lagi, doosari or uchch koti ke buzurgoan ki sohabat ka labh mila. inaki maan svayan shikshit thian, par galib ko niyamit shiksha kuchh zyada nahian mil saki. haan, jyotish, tark, darshan, sangit evan rahasyavad ityadi se inaka kuchh n kuchh parichay hota gaya. farasi ki prarambhik shiksha inhoanne agara ke pas us samay ke pratishthit vidvan 'maulavi mohammad movajjam' se prapt ki. inaki grahan shakti itani tivr thi ki bahut jald hi vah jahoori jaise farasi kaviyoan ka adhyayan apane ap karane lage. balki farasi mean gazalean bhi likhane lage.

abdussamad se mulaqat

isi zamane (1810-1811 ee.) mean mulla abdussamad eeran se ghoomate-phirate agara aye, inhian ke yahaan do sal tak ve rahe. yah eeran ke ek pratishthit aur vaibhav sampann vyakti the, aur yazd ke rahane vale the. pahale zaratustr ke anuyayi the, par bad mean islam dharm ko svikar kar liya. inaka purana nam 'haramuzd' tha. farasi to inaki ghutti mean thi. arabi bhasha ka bhi inhean bahut achchha jnan tha. is samay mirza 14 varsh ke the aur farasi mean unhoanne apani yogyata prapt kar li thi. ab mulla abdussamad jo aye to unase do varsh tak mirza ne farasi bhasha evan kavy ki barikiyoan ka jnan prapt kiya, aur usamean aise parangat ho ge ki jaise khud bhi eerani hoan. abdussamad inaki pratibha se chakit the, aur unhoanne apani sari vidya inamean u del di. vah inako bahut chahate the. jab vah svadesh laut ge tab bhi donoan ka patr vyavahar jari raha. qazi abdul vadood tatha ek-do aur vidvanoan ne abdussamad ko ek kalpit vyakti bataya hai. kaha jata hai ki mirza se svayan bhi ekadh bar bhi suna gaya ki ‘abdussamad’ ek farzi nam hai. chooanki mujhe log 'be-ustad' (bin guru ka) kahate the. unaka muanh band karane ke lie maianne ek farzi ustad gadh liya hai. par is tarah ki batean keval anuman aur kalpana par adharit haian.

samajik vatavaran ka prabhav

galib mean uchch preranaean jagrit karane ka kam shikshan se bhi zyada us vatavaran ne kiya, jo inake ird-gird tha. jis muhalle mean vah rahate the, vah (gulabakhana) us zamane mean farasi bhasha ke shikshan ka uchch kendr tha. room ke bhashyakar mulla vali muhammad, unake bete shamsul juha, mohammad badaruddija, azam ali tatha mauhammad kamil vagaira farasi ke ek-se-ek vidvan vahaan rahate the. vatavaran mean farasiyat bhari thi. isilie yah usase prabhavit n hote, yah kaise sambhav tha. par jahaan ek or yah talim-tarviyat thi, vahian aisho-isharat ki mahafilean bhi inake ird-gird bikhari huee thian. dulare the, paise-rupaye ki kami nahian thi. pita evan chacha ke mar jane se koee dabav rakhane vala n tha. kishoravastha, tabiyat mean umangean, yar-dostoan ke majamean (jamaghat), khane-pine shataranj, kabootarabazi, yauvanonmad sabaka jamaghat. adatean big d geean. husn ke afasanoan mean man ulajha, chandramukhiyoan ne dil ko khiancha. aisho-isharat ka bazar garm hua. 24-25 varsh ki ayu tak khoob rangareliyaan kian, par bad mean uchch preranaoan ne inhean oopar uthane ko badhy kiya. zyadatar buri adatean door ho geean, par madira pan ki lat lagi so marate dam tak n chhooti.

shero-shayari ki shuruat

inaki kavyagat preranaean svabhavik thian. bachapan se hi inhean shero-shayari ki lat lagi. ishq ne use ubhara, 'go' (yadyapi) vah ishq bahut chhichhala aur bazaroo tha. jab yah mohammad moajzam ke 'makatabe' (pathashala, madarasa) mean padhate the aur 10-11 varsh ke the, tabhi se inhoanne sher kahana arambh kar diya tha. shuroo mean bedil evan shauqat ke rang mean kahate the. bedil ki chhap bachapan se hi p di. 25 varsh ki ayu mean do hazar sheroan ka ek 'divan' taiyar ho gaya. isamean vahi chooma-chati, vahi strain bhavanaean, vahi pite-pitae mazamoon (lekh, vishay) the. ek bar unake kisi hitaishi ne inake kuchh sher mir taqi ‘mir’ ko sunae. sunakar ‘mir’ ne kaha, ‘agar is l dake ko koee kabil ustad mil gaya aur usane isako sidhe raste par dal diya to lajavab shayar ban jayega. barna 'mahamil' (nirarthak) bakane lagega.’ mir ki bhavishyavani poori huee. sachamuch yah mahamil bakane lage the, par ant: prerana evan buzurgoan ki kripa se us star se oopar uth gaye. ‘mir’ ki mrityu ke samay galib keval 13 varsh ke the aur do hi tin sal pahale unhoanne sher kahane shuroo kie the. prarambh mean hi is chhokare ki (galib) kavi ki gazal itani door lakhanoo mean ‘khudae-sakhun’ ‘mir’ ke samane padhi gee aur ‘mir’ ne, jo b doan-b doan ko khatiroan mean n late the, inaki supt pratibha ko dekhakar inaki rachanaoan par sammati di. isase hi jan p data hai ki prarambh se hi inamean uchch kavi ke bij the.

vivah

jab asadulla khaan 'galib' sirf 13 varsh ke the, inaka vivah loharoo ke navab 'ahamadabakhsh khaan' (jinaki bahan se inake chacha ka byah hua tha) ke chhote bhaee 'mirza ilahibakhsh khaan ‘maroof’ ki beti 'umarav begam' ke sath 9 agast, 1810 ee. ko sampann hua tha. uparav begam 11 varsh ki thian. is tarah loharoo rajavansh se inaka sambandh aur dridh ho gaya. pahale bhi vah bich-bich mean dilli jate rahate the, par shadi ke 2-3 varsh bad to dilli ke hi ho ge. vah svayan ‘urdoo-e-moalla’ (inaka ek khat) mean is ghatana ka zikr karate hue likhate haian ki-
"7 rajjab 1225 hijari ko mere vaste hukm dava mean habs sadir hua. ek be di (yani bivi) mere paanv mean dal di aur dilli shahar ko zindan muqarrar kiya aur mujhe is zindaan mean dal diya."
[[chitr:Gali-Qasim-Jan.jpg|thumb|gali qasim jan, dilli|left|250px]] mulla abdussamad 1810-1811 ee. mean akabarabad ae the aur do varsh ke shikshan ke bad asadulla khaan (galib) unhian ke sath agara se dilli ge. dilli mean yadyapi vah alag ghar lekar rahe, par itana to nishchit hai ki sasural ki tulana mean inaki apani samajik sthiti bahut halaki thi. inake sasur ilahibakhsh khaan ko rajakumaroan ka aishvary prapt tha. yauvan kal mean ilahibakhsh ki jivan vidhi ko dekhakar log unhean ‘shahazad-e-gulafam’ kaha karate the. isase andaza lagaya ja sakata hai ki, unaki beti ka palan-poshan kis la d-pyar ke sath hua hoga. asadulla khaan (galib) shakl aur soorat se b da akarshak vyaktitv rakhate the. unake pita-dada fauj mean uchchadhikari rah chuke the. isilie sasur ko asha rahi hogi ki, asadulla khaan bhi ala rutabe tak pahuancheange evan beti sasural mean sukhi rahegi, par aisa ho n saka. akhir tak yah shero-shayari mean hi p de rahe aur umarav begam, pita ke ghar bahuly ke bich pali l daki ko sasural mean sab sukh sapane jaise ho ge.

dilli ka sthayi nivas

mirza (galib) ke sasur ilahibakhsh khaan n keval vaibhavashali the, varan charitravan, dharmanishth tatha achchhe kavi bhi the. vah 'zauanq' ke shishyoan mean se ek the. vivah ke do-tin varsh bad hi mirza 'galib' sthayi roop se dilli a ge aur unake jivan ka adhikaansh bhag dilli mean hi guzara. galib ke pita ki apeksha unake chacha ki halat kahian achchhi thi aur unaka samman bhi adhik tha. pita ka to apana ghar bhi nahian tha. vah janm bhar idhar-udhar mare-mare phirate rahe, jab tak rahe, ghar-jamaee banakar hi rahe. ghar-jamaee ka sasural mean pradhan sthan nahian hota, kyoanki usaki sari sthiti apani patni se payi huee sthiti hoti hai. mirza ka bachapan nanihal mean aram se bhale hi bita ho, lekin pita ke marane ke bad unake jaise bhavuk bachche par apani yatimi ka bhi asar p da hoga. unhoanne kabhi yah bhi khyal nahian kiya hoga ki mera isamean kya hai. chacha ki mrityu ke bad ye vichar aur prabal evan kashtajanak hue hoange. yatimi ke karan inaka thik rah se bhatak jana aur lanphagaee karana svabhavik-sa raha hoga. dilli ane ka bhi karan sambhat: yahi tha ki yahaan kuchh apana bana sakooanga. dilli ane par kuchh samay tak to maan kabhi-kabhi unaki sahayata karati rahian, lekin mirza ke asankhy patroan mean kahian bhi mama vagaira se kisi prakar ki madad milane ka ullekh nahian hai. isilie jan p data hai ki, dhire-dhire inaka sambandh nanihal se bilkul samapt ho gaya tha.

prarambhik kavy

chitr:Blockquote-open.gif galib navabi khanadan se talluk rakhate the aur mugal darabar mean uanche ohade par the isaliye unhean apani ayyashiyoan par lagam lagana behad mushkil tha. chitr:Blockquote-close.gif

dilli mean sasur tatha unake pratishthit sathiyoan evan mitroan ke kavy prem ka in par achchha asar hua. ilahibakhsh khaan pavitr evan rahasyavadi prem se poorn kavy-rachana karate the. vah pavitr vicharoan ke adami the. unake yahaan soofiyoan tatha shayaroan ka jamaghat rahata tha. nishchay hi galib par in goshthiyoan ka achchha asar p da hoga. yahaan unhean tasavvuf (dharmavad, adhyatmavad) ka parichay mila hoga, aur dhire-dhire yah janmabhoomi agara mean bite bachapan tatha bad mean kishoravastha mean dilli mean bite dinoan ke bure prabhavoan se mukt hue hoange. dilli ane par bhi shuroo-shuroo mean to mirza ka vahi tarz raha, par bad mean vah sambhal ge. kaha jata hai ki manushy ki kritiyaan usake antar ka pratik hoti haian. manushy jaisa andar se hota hai, usi ke anukool vah apani abhivyakti kar pata hai. chahe kaisa hi bhramak parada ho, andar ki jhalak kuchh n kuchh parade se chhanakar a hi jati hai. inake prarambhik kavy ke kuchh namoone is prakar haian-

niyaze-ishq, khirmanasoz asababe-havis behatar.
jo ho javean nisare-barq mushte-kharo-khas behatar.

dekhata hooan use thi jisaki tamanna mujhako.
aj bedari mean hai khvabe-zulekha mujhako.

hansate haian dekh-dekh ke sab natavaan mujhe.
yah range-zurd hai chamane-zafaraan mujhe.

ik garm ah ki to hazaroan ke ghar jale.
rakhate haian ishq mean ye asar ham jigar jale.
paravane ka n gam ho to phir kisalie ‘asad’
har rat shama sham se le tas har jale.

oopar jo sher die ge haian, unamean ek sanvedana, rasashilata to hai par unaki apeksha unamean ek chhatapatahat, bechaini, javani ke u date hue sapanoan ki chhaya aur kritrim aur kalpanaoan ki uchhal-kood adhik hai. koee maulik bhavana nahian; koee uthal-puthal kar dene vali prerana nahian. haan, itana hai ki bachapan se hi inamean kavi-pratibha ke bij dikhaee p date haian. 7-8 varsh ki ayu mean yah urdoo (rekhati) tatha 11-12 varsh mean farasi mean kavita karane lage the.

samajik sthiti

arthik kathinaiyaan evan musibatean

vivah ke bad ‘galib’ ki arthik kathinaiyaan badhati hi geean. agara, nanihal mean inake din aram v reesiyat se bitate the. dilli mean bhi kuchh dinoan tak rang raha. sadhe sat sau salana peanshan navab ahamadabakhsh khaan ke yahaan se milati thi. vah yoan bhi kuchh n kuchh dete rahate the. maan ke yahaan se bhi kabhi-kabhi kuchh a jata tha. alavar se bhi kuchh mil jata tha. is tarah maze mean guzarati thi. par shighr hi pasa palat gaya. 1822 ee. mean british sarakar evan alavar darabar ki svikriti se navab ahamadabakhsh khaan ne apani jayadad ka bantavara yoan kiya, ki unake bad firozapur jhurka ki gaddi par unake b de l dake shamsuddin ahamad khaan baithe tatha loharoo ki jagirean unake donoan chhote betoan aminuddin ahamad khaan aur ziyauddin ahamad khaan ko mile. shamsuddin ahamad khaan ki maan bahookhanam thian, aur any donoan ki begamajan. svabhavat: donoan auratoan mean pratidvandvita thi aur bhaiyoan ke bhi do giroh ban ge. apas mean inaki patati nahian thi. bad mean jhag da n ho is bhay se navab ahamadabakhsh khaan ne apane jivan kal mean hi is bantavare ko karyanvit kar diya aur svayan ekantavas karane lage. is prakar shamsuddin ahamad khaan firozapur jhurka ke navab ho ge aur doosare donoan bhaiyoan ko loharoo ka ilaqa mil gaya. thumb|250px|galib is bantavare se ‘galib’ bhi prabhavit hue. bhavishy ke lie peanshan navab shamsuddin ahamad khaan se sambaddh ho gee, jabaki inaka sambandh any do bhaiyoan se adhik mitratapoorn tha. isilie ab inaki peanshan mean tarah-tarah ke ro de atakae ge, aur aprail 1831 mean peanshan bilkul band kar di gee. yadyapi 1835 mean char varsh ka bakaya poore ka poora mila. par bich mean sari vyavastha bhang ho jane se b da kasht hua. qarz badha. phir navab ahamadabakhsh khaan bich-bich mean kuchh dete rahate the, vah bhi band ho gaya, kyoanki ve bilkul ekantavasi ho ge the aur kisi bhi mamale mean dakhal nahian dete the. ‘galib’ ki yah halat dekhakar rrinadataoan ne bhi apane rupaye maangana shuroo kiya. taqazoan se inaki nak mean dam ho gaya. idhar yah hal tha, udhar ‘galib’ ke chhote bhaee mirza yoosuf bhari javani (28 varsh ki ayu mean) pagal ho ge. charoan or se kathinaiyaan evan musibatean ek sath uth kh di hueean aur zindagi doobhar ho gee.

amiri shan aur peanshan ka jhag da

idhar yah arthakasht evan any vipattiyaan, udhar garibi mean bhi amiri shan. sasural ke karan mirza (galib) ka parichay dilli ke adhik pratishthit samaj mean ho gaya tha. b doan-b doan se unaka milana-julana aur mitrata thi. udhar sadhe basath rupaye ki masik ay, idhar sasural ka vaibhavapoorn jivan. mirza shan vale adami the, vah apani patni ke mayake mean kisi ke age sir nicha n hone dete the. shero-shayari ke karan bhi inaki pratishtha thi. isilie tho di amadani mean oopari shano-shauqat qayam rakhana aur bhi mushkil ho raha tha. sasural ki riyasat mean se peanshan ka jo intazam tha, usamean se khvaja haji namak ek aur vyakti ka hissa tha. khvaja haji mirza nasarullabeg khaan ke adhin unake 400 savaroan ke risale mean ek afasar the. bad mean jab risala toota to usamean se pachas savar navab ahamadabakhsh khaan ko die ge the. khvaja haji isi pachas savaroan ke risale ke afasar bana die ge the. matalab yah ki jab mirza nasarullabeg khaan ke parivar evan ashritoan ke lie paanch hazar varshik peanshan tay huee, to usamean do hazar khvaja haji ko dene ki vyavastha navab ahamadabakhsh ne kar di. 1826 ee. mean khvaja haji ki mrityu ho gee. ‘galib’ khvaja haji ke peanshan dene ke virodhi the, par yah sochakar chup ho ge ki peanshan haji ki zindagi bhar ke lie hi hai, aur usaki mrityu par hamare pas hi laut avegi, lekin aisa nahian hua. haji ka hissa unake donoan betoan shamsuddin khaan (urf khaja jan) aur badaruddin khaan (urf khaja aman) ke nam kar diya gaya. isase vah aur bhi chidh ge. unhoanne virodh bhi kiya par usaka koee parinam nahian hua. tab unhoanne kalakatta (vartaman kolakata) jakar is nirnay ke viruddh gavarnar-janaral ki kauansil se apil karane ka nishchay kiya. thumb|galib ki pasand soochi|left|250px

jhag de ka mool karan

is jhag de ka mool roop yah tha ki navab ahamadabakhsh ke tin putr the-navab aminuddin tatha navab jiyauddin aur in donoan ke sautele bhaee aur urdoo ke prasiddh kavi ‘dag’ ke janak navab shamsuddin. ahamadabakhsh shamsuddin ko zyada manate the aur unhoanne maharaj alavar tatha british sarakar ki svikriti se unhian ko apana uttaradhikari mana tha. kintu is nirnay se doosare do bhaee svabhavat: naraz the. jhag da kh da hone ke dar se ahamadabakhsh ne is bat par shamsuddin khaan ko razi kiya ki paragana loharoo, kuchh shartoan ke sath, doosare donoan bhaiyoan ko de de. shesh jagir ka prabandh shamsuddin ne svayan apane hathoan mean le liya. 1826 mean yahi hua tha. par ek aur kathinaee thi. ‘galib’ ke chacha nasarullabeg khaan ki jagir bhi navab ahamadabakhsh khaan ki jagir me shamil ho gayi thi. is anyay se mirza dukhi the. navab ahamadabakhsh khaan ne nasarullabeg khaan ke uttaradhikariyoan ke bharan-poshan ke lie vritti dene ka vada kiya tha. nasarullabeg khaan ke koee santan n thi. isilie svabhavik uttaradhikar ‘galib’ tatha unake chhote bhaee mirza yoosuf tatha unaki maan-bahanoan ko milana chahie tha. nasarullabeg khaan ke uttaradhikariyoan ke lie shuroo mean das hazar salana peanshan niyat huee thi. kintu navab ahamadabakhsh khaan sirf 3 hazar hi dete the, jisamean se mirza ke hisse mean keval sadhe sat sau ata tha. arambh mean to ahamadabakhsh se inake sambandh bahut achchhe the aur vah samay-samay par inhean aur bhi arthik sahayata dete rahate the. isilie mamale ne tool nahian pak da. parantu 1826 ee. mean ‘galib’ ke sasur evan navab ahamadabakhsh khaan ke chhote bhaee ilahibakhsh khaan ki mrityu ho gee. svabhavat: purane sambandhoan mean k davahat a gee. is samay ‘galib’ 29 varsh ke the. unaki zindagi aisho-aram mean biti thi. log navab ke sath inake sambandhoan ke karan qarz bhi asani se de dete the. par ab jabaki vrittiyaan kam kar di geean aur navab se vah sukhad sambandh bhi nahian rahe to, rrinadataoan ne rupaye maangana shuroo kar diya. ‘galib’ ko aandarooni batean maloom n thian aur vah yahi samajh baithe the ki sarakar ne jo paragane die the, ve das hazar salana ke the aur sirf unake chacha ko die ge the. isilie jab haji ke l dakoan ko varis banaya gaya to unhoanne usaka virodh kiya. navab ahamadabakhsh ko samajhane ke lie vah khud firozapur jhurka ge. vahaan jane par maloom hua ki navab sahab alavar ge hue haian. unhean vahaan kuchh din tikana p da. jab navab laute tab unhoanne sari bat kahi, lekin navab ne vyavastha mean koee parivartan karane se inkar kar diya. tab vah nirash hokar laute aur tabhi unhoanne aangrez sarakar se apil karane ka nishchay kar liya tha.

ahamadabakhsh khaan dvara gupt parivartan

asaliyat yah thi ki nasarullabeg ki mrityu ke bad unaki jagir (soankh aur soansa) aangrezoan ne li thi. bad mean 25 hazar salana par ahamadabakhsh ko de di gee. 4 mee, 1806 ko l aaurd lek ne ahamadabakhsh khaan se milane vali 25 hazar varshik malaguzari is shart par maf kar di ki vah das hazar salana nasarullabeg khaan ke ashritoan ko de. par isake chand dinoan bad hi 7 joon, 1806 ko navab ahamadabakhsh khaan ne l aaurd lek se mil-milakar isamean gupachup parivartan kara liya tha ki, sirf 5 hazar salana hi nasarullabeg khaan ke ashritoan ko die jayean aur isamean khvaja haji bhi shamil rahega. is gupt parivartan evan sanshodhan ka jnan ‘galib’ ko nahian tha. isalie firozapur jhurka ke shasak par dava dayar kar diya ki unhoanne ek to adesh ke viruddh peanshan adhi kar di, phir us adhi mean bhi khvaja ji ko shamil kar liya.

galib ka dava

galib ne jo muqadama dayar kiya tha, usamean paanch prarthanaean thian-

1. 4 mee, 1806 ke adeshanusar mujhe aur mere khanadan ke doosare vyaktiyoan ko das hazar rupaye salana milana chahie tha. navab loharoo paanch hazar dete haian aur usamean se bhi do hazar ek paraye vyakti khvaja haji ya usake varisoan ko diya jata hai. jisaka hamare khanadan se koee sambangh nahian hai. bhavishy mean das hazar milane ki ajna di jae.
2. mee 1806 se lekar ab tak hamean das hazar salana se jitana kam mila hai, vah sara baqaya dilaya jae. (galib ke hisab se yah raqam us samay dedh lakh rupaye ke lagabhag hoti thi.)
3. .hamari peanshan mean kisi paraye vyakti ka hissa nahian hona chahie. (matalab khvaja haji ke betoan ko jo peanshan mil rahi hai, vah band kar di jae.)
4. age se meri peanshan navab shamsuddin khaan ki jagah aangrez khazane se sidhi di jaya kare.
5. samman svaroop mujhe khitab, khilat aur darabar ka manasab diya jae.

muqadama dayar karane ke bad

galib ka vishvas

thumb|galib (chitrakar- em.eph. husain)|300px mirza ko vishvas tha ki unake kalakatta jane aur gavarnar-janaral tatha any uchchadhikariyoan se milane ka muqadame par achchha prabhav p dega. us zamane mean jab yatra ke itane sadhan sulabh nahian the, mirza ne bahut vivash hone par hi is lambi yatra ka nishchay kiya hoga. agast 1826 ee. ke lagabhag vah dilli se kalakatta jane ke lie ravana hue. lakhanoo ke kavy premi evan vidvajjan bahut samay se hi inhean bula rahe the. par mauqa n milata tha. ab vah kalakatta ke lie nikale to kanapur se lakhanoo hote hue vahaan jana tay kiya. lakhanoo valoan ne unaka hardik svagat kiya; unhean sir aankhoan par bithaya. nimnalikhit qate mean unhoanne lakhanoo ka zikr is prakar se kiya hai-

vaan pahuanchakar jo gash ata paiham hai hamako.
sad rahe ahange-zamian bose qadam hai hamako.
lakhanoo ane ka bais nahian khulata yani,
havise-sairo-tamasha so vah kam hai hamako.
taqat ranje safar hi nahian pate itana,
hijre yarane vatan ka bhi alam hai hamako.

agamir se mulaqat ki shart

jab mirza ‘galib’ lakhanoo pahuanche to un dinoan gaziuddin haidar avadh ke badashah the. vah aisho-isharat mean doobe hue insan the. yadyapi unhean bhi shero-shayari se kuchh-n-kuchh dilachaspi thi. shasan ka kam mukhyat: nayab saltanat motamuddaula sayyad muhammad khaan dekhate the, jo lakhanoo ke itihas mean ‘aga mir’ ke nam se mashahoor haian. ab tak aga mir ki dyodhi muhalla lakhanoo mean jyoan ka tyoan qayam hai. us samay aga mir mean hi shasan ki sab shakti kendrit thi. vah safed syaha, jo chahate the karate the. yah adami shuroo mean ek 'khanasamaan' (rasoiya) ke roop mean naukar hua tha, kintu shighr hi navab aur rezideant ko aisa khush kar liya ki ve isake lie sab kuchh karane ko taiyar rahate the. unhian ki madad se vah is pad par pahuanch paya tha. bina usaki sahayata ke badashah tak pahuanch n ho sakati thi. galib ke kuchh hiteshiyoan ne agamir tak khabar pahuanchaee ki galib lakhanoo mean maujood haian. agamir ne kahalaya ki unhean mirza ki mulaqat se khushi hogi. milane ki bat tay huee, parantu mirza ne yah ichchha prakat ki ki mere pahuanchane par agamir kh de hokar mera svagat karean aur mujhe naqad-nazar pesh karane se bari rakha jae. agamir ne in shartoan ko svikar nahian kiya aur mulaqat nahian ho saki. galib lakhanoo mean lagabhag paanch mahine rahe aur vahaan se 27 joon, 1827 shukravar ko kalakatta ke lie ravana hue. abhi safar mean hi the ki gaziuddin haidar ka dehant ho gaya aur unaki jagah nasiruddin haidar gaddi par baithe. baharahal agamir se bheant n hone ke karan jo farasi 'qasida' (padyatmak prashansa) galib ne dilli se lakhanoo ane tatha apani musibatoan ka zikr karate hue likha tha, vah avadh ke badashah ke samane pesh n ho saka aur nasiruddin haidar ke gaddi par baithane ke sat-ath varsh bad yah qasida nayab saltanat roshanuddaula evan muanshi muhammad hasan ke madhyam se darabar tak pahuancha aur vahaan par padha gaya. vahaan se shayar ko paanch hazar rupaye inam dene ka hukm hua, par isamean se ek phooti ko di bhi galib ko n mili. ‘nasikh’ ke kathananusar tin hazar roshanuddaula ne aur do hazar muhammad hasan ne u da lie.

any sthanoan ki yatra

lakhanoo se kalakatta (kolakata) jate hue yah kanapur, baanda, banaras, patana aur murshidabad mean bhi thahare. lakhanoo se 3 din chalakar kanapur pahuanche. vahaan se baanda ge. baanda mean maulavi muhammadali sadar amin ne inake sath bahut achchha vyavahar kiya. inhean har tarah ka aram diya aur kalakatta ke pratishthit evan prabhavashali adamiyoan ke nam patr bhi die. baanda mean hi inhoanne vah gazal likhi thi, jisaka nimnalikhit sher mashahoor hai-
thumb|left|galib haveli ka aangan|250px

sataishagar hai zahid is qadar jis bage-rizavaan ka.
v ek guladasta hai ham bekhudoan ke taqe-nasiyaan ka.

yatra mean kathinaee bhi aee hogi, nirasha bhi huee hogi. yatrakal ki gazaloan mean isaki bhi dhvani hai-

thi vatan mean shan kya ‘galib’ ki ho gurabat mean qadr.
betakalluf hooan vah mushte-khas ki gulakhan mean nahian.

baanda se mo da ge, mo da se chillatara. phir vahaan se nav dvara ilahabad pahuanche. jan p data hai ki ilahabad mean koee apritikar sahityik sangharsh hua. par usaka kahian koee vivaran nahian milata. unake ek farasi qaside se sirf itana maloom hota hai ki vahaan kuchh n kuchh hua zaroor tha-

nafas balarz: zivade nahibe kalakatta,
nigahe khair: zahangame ilahabad.

ilahabad mean kuchh zyada thaharana chahate the par avasar n mila aur yah banaras ke lie ravana hue. banaras pahuanchate-pahuanchate asvasth ho ge. par banaras ke jadoo ne jaise ‘hazi’ ko mugdh kar liya tha, vaise hi usake chittakarshak drishyoan ne inhean bhi anugat bana liya. banaras inhean itana bhaya ki shahajahaannabad (dilli) par bhi use tarjih di-

jahaan abad gar nabood alam nest.
jahanabad badajae kamanest.

akhir mean kahate haian ki he prabhu! banaras ko buri nazar se bachana. yah nandit svarg hai, yah bhara-poora svarg hai-

talilla banaras chashme baddoor.
bahishte khurramo firadaus mamoor.

banaras inako itana achchha laga ki zindagi bhar use nahian bhool paye. 40 sal bad bhi ek patr mean likhate haian ki, ‘agar maian javani mean vahaan jata to, vahian par bas jata.’ banaras ki ganga nadi evan prabhat ne inhean moh liya tha. inaka b da hi hradayagrahi varnan unhoanne kiya hai. vahaan ki upasana, pooja, ghantadhvani, moortiyoan (manavi aur daivi donoan) sabake prati unamean akarshan utpann ho gaya tha. kashi ke bare mean kahate haian ki-

ibadatakhane naqoosiyaan ast.
hamana kabe hindostaan ast.

(yah shankhavadakoan ka upasana sthal hai. nishchay hi yah hindustan ka kaba hai.)

faisale ka paksh mean n ana

banaras se nauka dvara hi kalakatta jane ki unaki ichchha thi, par usamean vyay bahut adhik tha. isilie gho de par ravana hue aur patana evan murshidabad hote hue 20 faravari, 1828 ko kalakatta pahuanche. yahaan unhoanne shimala bazar mean mirza ali saudagar ki haveli mean ek b da makan das rupaye masik kiraye par liya. par inake kalakatta pahuanchane se poorv hi navab ahamadabakhsh khaan ki mrityu ho gee. isilie ab jhag da unake varis shamsuddin khaan se shuroo hua. thumb|mirza galib|250px jab mirza anek kathinaiyaan jhelane ke bad kalakatta pahuanche to unhean gavarnar-janaral ki kauansil ka javab mila ki pahale ye muqadama dilli ke aangrez rezideant ke samane pesh hona chahie. vahaan se riport ane par hi nirnay kiya jaega. us zamane mean jab yatra b di kashtasadhy thi, kalakatta se phir dilli muqadamean ke lie lautana mushkil tha. isilie vah svayan to kalakatta mean hi rahe aur dilli rezideant se muqadamean ke lie hiralal namak vyakti ko niyukt kiya. in dinoan sar edavard kolabrook dilli mean rezideant the. mirza ne kalakatta ke unake ek mitr karnal henari imlak se bheant karake unase siyasi patr liya. isi prakar kolabruk ke mir muanshi altafat husain khaan ke nam bhi ek patr navab akabar ali khaan tabatabaee motavalli imamaba da hugali se prapt kiya aur donoan khat apane vakil ko dilli bhej die. un logoan ne madad karane ka vada kiya. galib sarakar ke sekretari endaroo estaraliang se bhi mile. unhoanne bhi mirza ko ashvasan diya ki nyay hoga. sar edavard kolabruk ne bhi apani riport bhi inake anukool bhed di. par kolabruk avval darje ka rishvatakhor tha aur isi rishvatakhori ke jurm mean vah kuchh dinoan ke bad nikal diya gaya. usaki jagah fraansis hakians rezidet niyukt hua. hakians ki navab shamsuddin se mitrata thi. svabhavat: usane sarakar ke pas doosari riport bheji aur likha ki asadulla khaan 'galib' ko jo sadhe sat sau milate rahe haian, usase adhik pane ka vah adhikari nahian hai. baharahal jis uddeshy se mirza kalakatta ge the, usamean unhean saphalata nahian mili. afasaroan ne izzat ki, madad ka vada kiya, par koee thos natija nahian nikala. mirza 'galib' ko b di asha thi ki nyay hoga aur faisala unake paksh mean hoga. isi asha par vah dedh varsh se zyada arse tak kalakatta mean p de rahe. faisale mean b di der ho rahi thi aur hakians ke virodh ka bhi samachar bhi dilli se a raha tha. isilie inhoanne vakil niyukt kar dilli lautane ka nirnay liya. 29 navambar, 1829 ko dilli laut ae. jis estaraliang par inako itana bharosa tha, vah 30 mee, 1830 ko mar gaya aur 27 janavari, 1831 ee. ko gavarnar-janaral l aaurd viliyam baiantik ne inake viruz muqadamean ka nirnay de diya.

kalakatta yatra ka parinam

muqadama har jane se jo asar hua hoga, usaki kalpana ki ja sakati hai. unaki samast ashaean isi muqadame par lagi huee thian, ve toot geean. yatra mean bahut adhik vyay hua, takalifean bhi uthani p dian, qarz ho gaya. keeyoan ki digriyaan hueean. inake pas kya tha? aisi halat mean inhean jel jana hi tha, par chooanki inaki jan-pahachan b doan-b doan se thi, isilie ye jab tak ghar ke bahar n nikalate, inaki giraftari n hoti. mahinoan tak yah ghar mean chhipe baithe rahe. yahi zamana tha jisamean inake kripalu mitr frezar ki hatya huee thi aur navab shamsuddin us samay mean pak de ge the aur bad mean unhean phaansi huee thi. chooanki inaki shamsuddin se banati nahian thi, isilie bahut-se logoan ki yah dharana huee ki inhian ne jasoosi karake navab ko pak davaya hai. dilli vale shamsuddin ko bahut manate the. isilie log inaki jan ke grahak ho ge. ek or arthakasht, doosari or pran ka bhay. yah samay inake lie b da hi bura tha. isilie vyavaharik drishti se kalakatta yatra inake lie nirashajanak evan nirarthak rahi. par inaki bauddhik sampada aur anubhav-jnan mean usase khoob vriddhi huee. naye anubhav hue, gurvat mean naye-naye adamiyoan se parichay hua. phir us zamane mean kalakatta bharat ke kshitij par naya-naya hi ug raha tha. vahaan ek nee sabhyata uth rahi thi. audyogik sabhyata ki bhoomika likhi ja rahi thi, usase unaka sakshatkar hua. inhean vaijnanik avishkaroan ke karishme dekhane ko mile. jagamagati battiyaan, seva ke lie naloan mean dau data jal, pankhe jhalate vayudevata se inaka parichay hua. isase inake manasik nirman par kafi asar p da. phir lakhanoo mean nasikh ke netritv mean zaban tarash-kharash aur safaee ki koshishean ho rahi thian. unhean dekhane tatha marg mean anek vidvanoan se milane ke bad inaka drishtikon spasht aur vishad hota gaya. yatra ke pahile aur bad ki rachana mean spasht antar dikhaee p data hai.

galib ki nirantar koshishean

chitr:Blockquote-open.gif mirza atyant shisht evan mitraparan the. jo koee unase milane ata, usase khule dil se milate the. isilie jo adami ek bar inase milata tha, use sada inase milane ki ichchha bani rahati thi. mitroan ke prati atyant vafadar the. chitr:Blockquote-close.gif

faisala apane paksh mean n ane par bhi galib muqadamean mean dayar ki geean apani maangoan par date rahe aur isake lie nirantar koshishean karate rahe. idhar unaki ye maangean thi, udhar loharoo ki jayadad ke bare mean khud bhaiyoan mean jhag da tha. navab ahamadabakhsh khaan ki vasiyat ke anusar firozapur jhurka ka ilaqa shamsuddin ahamad khaan evan paragana loharoo unake donoan chhote bhaiyoan-aminuddin ahamad khaan evan ziyauddin ahamad khaan ke hisse mean aya tha. pita ki mrityu hote hi shamsuddin ne is bantavare ke viruddh avaz uthaee aur kaha ki jyeshth putr hone ke nate sari jayadad ka adhikar mujhe milana chahie. doosari santati ko zyada se zyada vritti dilaee ja sakati hai. unhean ek aur bahana bhi mil gaya. bat yah bhi thi ki b de hone ke karanh loharoo ka intazam navab aminuddin khaan ke hath tha. prabandh unhean sauanpate samay yah shart rakhi gee thi ki jayadad ki amadani se 5210 rupaya salana sarakari khazane mean chhote bhaee navab ziyauddin ke vyay ke lie jama kar diya jaya kare. isaki or dhyan n diya gaya, isilie shamsuddin ka paksh prabal ho gaya. dilli ke rejident mistar martin ne shamsuddin khaan ka samarthan kiya aur ant mean sitambar, 1833 mean loharoo ka prabandh bhi shamsuddin khaan ko is shart par de diya gaya ki vah apane donoan bhaiyoan ko guzare ke lie 26 hazar rupaye salana dete raheange.

martin ke bad viliyam frezar naye rezident hokar ae. arambh mean to inaki bhi navab shamsuddin se achchhi mitrata thi, par bad mean kisi bat par donoan mean virodh ho gaya. frezar loharoo paragana shamsuddin khaan ko die jane ke paksh mean nahian the. unhean yah maang anyayapoorn lagi. isilie unhoanne poori cheshta ki ki aangrez sarakar in prarthana ko thukara de, kintu faisala shamsuddin khaan ke paksh mean hua. isase donoan ke bich gaanth p d gee. faisale ke bad bhi frezar ne usake viruddh sarakar ko likha aur navab aminuddin khaan ko salah di ki vah kalakatta jakar prayatn kare. usaki salah manakar aminuddin khaan sitambar 1834 mean kalakatta ge. galib ne bhi unhean apane kalakatta ke mitroan ke nam parichay patr die. in prayatnoan ke phalasvaroop pahala hukm mansookh ho gaya aur loharoo donoan bhaiyoan ko pun: mil gaya. isase shamsuddin aur frezar ki anaban shatruta mean badal gee.

sidhi peanshan aur naya prarthana patr

22 march, 1835 ko frezar ne sham ka khana raja kishanagadh ke jahaan dariyaganj mean khaya. vahaan se use vapis hone mean der ho gee. frezar ba da hindooray mean ek kothi mean rahate the. jab rat gyarah baje ke lagabhag vah apane makan ko laut rahe the, to makan se tho di door par kisi ne unhean goli mar di. us samay to hatyara bach nikala, lekin fauran tamam naqe bandi kar di gee. jaanch hone lagi. pulis ne shamsuddin khaan ke daroga shikar karim khaan ko giraftar kiya. bad mean navab ka ek aur naukar vasayal khaan pak da gaya aur vah sarakari gavah ban gaya. usake bayan par navab dilli bulae ge aur pulis ke pahare mean rakhe ge. bad mean muqadama chala aur 18 aktoobar, 1835 ko guruvar ke din prat:kal kashmiri daravaze ke bahar unhean 25 varsh mean phaansi de di gee. thumb|left|galib navab shamsuddin khaan ki phaansi ke bad firozapur jhurka ki riyasat zabt kar li gee aur mirza ki peanshan jo vahaan se milati thi, ab sidhe dilli kalektari se milane lagi. suavasar dekhakar mirza ne phir ek vistrit prarthanapatr aangrez sarakar ki seva mean navab ki zabt jayadad se poora haq pane ke lie pesh kiya. 18 joon, 1836 ko pashchimottar pradesh ke lephtinent gavarnar ne faisala kiya ki jo sadhe basath milate haian, vahi thik haian. is par inhoanne gavarnar-janaral ke pas apil dayar ki. par vahaan se bhi yahi faisala qayam raha. sab or se nirash ho jane par mirza ne 14 navambar, 1836 ko phir se darkhast di ki mera muqadama sadar divani adalat, kalakatta ke pas vilayat bheja jae. aur yadi ye sambhav n ho to nirnay ke lie dairektaroan ke pas vilayat bheja jae. 5 disambar, 1836 ko unhean phir se uttar mila ki muqadamean ke sab kagazat vilayat bhej die jayeange aur 10 mee, 1837 ko ‘laveli elayans’ namak jahaz ki dak se vilayat bhej die ge.

galib ki ashavadita

kagazat vilayat bhej die jane se galib ko b di khushi huee aur unhoanne ek farasi qata bhi likha aur ashanvit hokar pun: darkhast di ki mee 1806 se aj tak hamean jitana kam mila hai aur jo do lakh tin hazar hota hai, vah us do lakh, sath hazar ki raqam mean se diya jae jo navab shamsuddin ne apani faansi ke poorv aangrez khazane mean jama karaee thi. doosare hamean 3 hazar salana peanshan ka epril 1835 tak baqaya us jayadad se dilavaya jae jo navab firozapur chho dakar mare haian aur jab tak dairektaroan ka faisala vilayate nahian a jata hamean tin hazar salana niyamit roop se milata rahe. par galib ko manav prakriti ka achchha jnan nahian tha. vah samajhate the ki aangrez khushamad se qaboo mean kie ja sakate haian. baharahal ye sab avedan nirarthak siddh hue aur 1842 ke arambh mean vilayat se antim faisala bhi a gaya ki jo nirnay hindustan mean ho chuka hai, vahi thik hai. par vah ri mirza ki ashavadita- itane par bhi unhoanne himmat nahian hari aur 29 julaee, 1842 ko is faisale ke viruddh ek apil, memoriyal ke dhang par, maharani viktoriya k pas gavarnar-janaral ke zariye bheji. par isaka bhi koee parinam nahian nikala aur 1844 mean vah bilkul nirash aur past ho ge. thumb|250px|galib haveli yahaan yah khyal rakhana chahie ki muqadama unhoanne 1828 mean dayar kiya tha aur yah antim faisala 1844 mean, 16 sal ke bad hua. us zamane mean jab ki yatayat ke sadhan durlabh the, unaka kitana kharch is par p da hoga, isaka aandaza lagaya ja sakata hai. jo kuchh bhi unake pas tha, vah bhi is muqadamean mean hi samapt ho gaya. mahajanoan ke hazaroan rupaye ke qarzadar ho ge, jo inhoanne vishvas par lie the ki muqadamean ke faisale se hamean ek b di raqam mil jayegi. 1835 mean hi in par 40-50 hazar ka qarz ho gaya tha. nirnay inake viruddh hone se qarz ke bojh se aise dabe ki zindagi bhar ubhar evan ubar nahian sake. zindagi qarz chukate-chukate biti, phir bhi n chuka sake. kathinaiyoan ke karan grihasth jivan pahale se hi du:khad tha, ab to usamean b di j data aur nirasha a gee aur unhoanne bhagy ke age kandha dal diya.

profesari se inkar

in nirasha ki gh diyoan mean bhi mirza 'galib' ke sapane poore taur par toote n the. rassi jal gee par usamean aianthan baqi thi. 1842 ee. mean sarakar ne dilli k aaulej ka nootan sangathan prabandhan kiya. us samay mistar tamasan bharat sarakar ke sekretari the. yahi bad mean pashchimottar pradesh ke leftinent gavarnar ho ge the aur mirza galib ke hitaishiyoan mean the. vah k aaulej ke profesaroan ke chunav ke lie dilli ae. us samay tak vahaan arabi bhasha ki shiksha ka achchha prabandh tha aur mistar mamalookali arabi ke pradhan shikshak the, jo apane vishay ke advitiy vidvan mane jate the. par farasi bhasha ki shiksha ka koee santoshajanak prabandh n tha. tamasan ne ichchha prakat ki ki jaise arabi ki shiksha ke lie yogy adhyapak haian, vaise hi farasi ki shiksha dene ke lie bhi ek vidvan adhyapak rakha jae. is muaine ke samay sadarussadoor mufti sadaruddin khaan ‘azurda’ bhi maujood the. unhoanne kaha, ‘dilli mean tin sahab farasi ke ustad mane jate haian. mirza asadulla khaan ‘galib’, ‘hakim momin khaan ‘momin’, aur ‘shekh imamabakhsh ‘sahabaee’. tamasan sahab ne profesari ke lie sabase pahale mirza galib ko bulavaya. agale din yah palaki par savar hokar unake dere par pahuanche aur palaki se utarakar daravaze ke pas is pratiksha mean ruk ge ki abhi koee sahab svagat evan abhyarthana ke lie ate haian. jab der ho gee, sahab ne jamadar se der se ane ka karan poochha. jamadar ne akar mirza se dariyaft kiya. mirza ne kah diya ki chooanki sahab paramparanusar mera svagat karane bahar nahian ae isilie maian andar nahian aya. is par tamasan sahab svayan bahar nikal aye aur bole, ‘jab ap darabar mean bahaisiyat ek rees ya kavi ke tasharif layeange tab apaka svagat satkar kiya jayega, lekin is samay ap naukari ke lie aye haian, isilie apaka svagat karane koee nahian aya.’ mirza ne kaha, ‘maian to sarakari naukari isilie karana chahata tha ki khanadani pratishtha mean vriddhi ho, n ki pahale se jo hai, usamean bhi kami a jae aur buzurgoan ki pratishtha bhi kho baithooan.’ tamasan sahab ne niyamoan ke karan vivashata prakat ki. tab galib ne kaha, ‘aisi mulazimat ko mera door se hi salam hai, aur unhoanne kaharoan se kaha ki vapas chalo.’

chitr:Blockquote-open.gif mirza galib ne farasi bhasha mean kavita karana praranbh kiya tha aur isi farasi kavita par hi inhean sada abhiman raha. parantu yah dev ki kripa hai ki, inaki prasiddhi, samman tatha sarvapriyata ka adhar inaka chhota-sa urdoo ka ‘divan-e-galib’ hi hai. chitr:Blockquote-close.gif

mirza ke is ravaiye se unake svabhav ke ek pahaloo par prakash p data hai. is samay ve b de arthakasht mean the, phir bhi unhoanne nirarthak bat par naukari chho d di. ashchary to yah hai ki janmabhar sarakari ohadedaroan evan aangrez afasaroan ki chapaloosi evan atyuktibhari stuti mean hi bita (jaisa ki unake likhe qasidoan se spasht hai) par zara-si aur sarahin bat par a d ge. isase yah bhi jnat hota hai ki is samay unamean hinata ka bhav bahut b da hua tha aur vah tunakamizaj aur kshanik bhavanaoan ki aandhi mean u d jane vale ho ge the.

jue ki lat

idhar chintaean badhati geean, jivan ki dashvariyaan badhati geean, udhar bekari, sherosakhun ke siva koee doosara kam nahian. svabhavat: nithallepan ki gh diyaan doobhar hone lagian. chintaoan se palayan mean inaki sahayak ek to thi sharab, ab jue ki lat bhi lag gee. unhean shuroo se shataranj aur chausar khelane ki adat thi. aksar mitr-mandali jama hoti aur khel-tamashoan mean vaqt katata tha. kabhi-kabhi bazi badakar khelate the. gadar ke pahale unhean b da arthakasht tha. sirf sarakari vritti aur qile ke pachas rupaye the. par adatean reesoan jaisi thian. yahi karan tha ki ye sada rrinabhar se dabe rahate the. is zamane ki dilli ke reesazadoan aur chaandani chauk ke jauhariyoan ke bachchoan ne manoranjan ke jo sadhan grahan kar rakhe the, unamean se jua bhi ek tha. ganjifa amataur par khela jata tha. unake sath uthate-baithate hue mirza ko bhi yah lat lag gee. dhire-dhire niyamit juabazi shuroo ho gee. jue ke addevale ko sada kuchh n kuchh milata hai phir chahe koee jite ya hare. isase dil bahalata tha, vaqt katata tha aur kuchh n kuchh amadani bhi ho jati thi. azad likhate haian, ‘yah khud bhi khelate the aur chooanki achchhe khila di the, isilie isamean bhi kuchh n kuchh mar hi lete the.’ aangrezi qanoon ke anusar jua zurm tha, par reesoan ke divanakhanoan par pulis utana dhyan nahian deti thi, jaise klaboan mean hone vale brij par aj bhi dhyan nahian diya jata hai. kotaval evan b de afasar reesoan se milate-julate rahate the aur parichay ke karan bhi sakhti nahian karate the. galib ki jan pahachan bhi kotaval tatha doosare adhikariyoan se thi. isilie inake khilaf n to kisi tarah ka shubaha kiya jata tha aur n qanooni karravahiyoan ka aandesha tha.

giraftari

san 1845 ke lagabhag agara se badalakar ek naya kotaval faijulahasan aya. isako kavy se koee anurag nahian tha. isilie galib par meharabani karane ki koee bat usake lie nahian ho sakati thi. phir vah ek sakht adami bhi tha. ate hi usane sakhti se jaanch karani shuroo ki. kee dostoan ne mirza ko chetavani bhi di ki jua band kar do, par vah lobh evan aanhakar se andhe ho rahe the. unhoanne isaki koee paravah nahian ki. vah samajhate the ki mere viruddh koee karravahi nahian ho sakati. ek din kotaval ne chhapa mara, aur log to pichhava de se nikal bhage par mirza pak d lie ge. mirza ki giraftari se poorv jauhari pak de ge the. par vah rupaya kharch karake bach ge the. muqadamean tak naubat nahian aee thi. mirza ke pas mean rupaya kahaan tha. haan, mitr the. unhoanne badashah tak se sifarish karaee, kintu kuchh natija nahian nikala. jab logoan ko mirza ki rihaee ki taraf se nirasha ho gee, tab n keval dostoan ne aur sath uthane-baithan valoan ne balki aangrezoan ne bhi ek dam aankhean pher lian. ve is bat par lajja ka anubhav karane lage ki mirza ke mitr ya sambandhi kahe jayean.

saza evan rihaee

mirza 'galib' ke mitroan mean keval navab mustafa khaan ‘shofta’ ne har qadam par inaka sath diya. khabar milate hi vah ek-ek hakim se jakar mile aur mirza ki rihaee ki koshish ki. phir jab muqadama chala aur bad mean usaki apil ki gee tab bhi usaka tamam kharch khud hi uthaya. jab tak mirza qaid rahe har doosare din jakar unase milate rahe. is mamale mean mirza ka dosh kuchh bhi nahian tha. mitroan ki chetavani ke bavajood vah nahian sambhale. isake poorv bhi ek bar is jurm mean mirza ko 100 rupaye jurmana aur jurmana n dene par char mas ki qaid huee thi aur yah chand dinoan ke bad jurmana ada karane par chhoot ge the. par is par bhi vah savadhan nahian hue. dobara 1847 mean jue ke jurm mean giraftar hue. giraftari ki ghatana bhi dilachasp hai. kotaval ne b di hoshiyari se chhapa mara. makan gher lene ke bad ittila karavaee ki janani savariyaan aee haian. is karan kisi ne apatti nahian ki. andar jane par bhed khula. logoan ne virodh kiya. is par pulis ne bhi sakhti ki. mirza juakhana chalane ke jurm mean giraftar hue. muqadama kuanvar vazir alikhaan majistret ki adalat mean pesh hua. vahaan saza huee aur apil mean bhi bani rahi. 6 mah kathor karavas aur do sau jurmane ka dand mila. jurmana n dene par 6 mas aur. jurmane ke alava 50 adhik dene par shram se mukti. jel mean khana-kap da ghar se ata tha. jo chahe jab mil sakata tha. phir bhi is saza aur qaid se mirza ke aham ko gahari chot pahuanchi. ‘yadagare galib’ mean maulana hali ne inaka ek khat udadhrit kiya hai, jisase inaki manodasha ka pata lagata hai. isamean vah likhate haian-

"maian har kam ko khuda ki taraf se samajhata hooan aur khuda se l da nahian ja sakata. jo kuchh guzara usake nang se azad aur jo kuchh guzarane vala hai, us par razi hooan. magar arazoo karana aeene aboodiyat ke khilaf nahian hai. meri yah arazoo hai ki ab duniya mean n rahooan aur rahooan to hindustan mean n rahooan. room hai, misr hai, eeran hai, bagadad hai. yah bhi jane do; khud kaba azadoan ki jaepanah astane rahamatul alamin diladaroan ki takiyagah dekhie yah vaqt kab ayega ki daramaandagi ki qaid se, jo is guzari huee qaid se zyada janapharsa hai, najat paooan aur bagair usake koee manzile maqasad qarar dooan, sarab sehara nikal jaooan. yah hai jo mujh par guzara aur yah hai jisaka maian arazoomand hooan."

tin mas bad hi dilli ke sivil sarjan d aauktar ras ki sifarish par mirza chho d die ge.

qile ki naukari

[[chitr:Bahadur-Shah-II.jpg|thumb|bahadur shah zafar|250px]] sanyogavash qaid se chhootane ke tho de hi dinoan bad kuchh mitroan ki madhyasthata se mirza 'galib' ka dilli darabar se sambandh ho gaya. in dinoan maulana nasiruddin urf kale sahab bahadur zafar ke pir the. vah galib ke mitroan aur shubh-chintakoan mean se the. shahi hakim ehasanulla khaan bhi mirza ke prashansakoan mean se the. in logoan ne sifarish ki. bahadurashah ne manzoor kar liya ki mirza taimoori vansh ka itihas farasi bhasha mean likhean. 4 julaee, 1850 ko yah badashah ke samane pesh kie ge. badashah zafar ne najamuddaula dabirulmulk nizam jang ki upadhi pradan ki aur 6 parache tatha tin ratn ka khilat diya. pachay rupaye masik vritti niyat huee aur mirza qile ke mulazim ho ge.

zauq se chhe dachha d

‘galib’ darabar mean kabhi-kabhi jaya karate the aur unaki av-bhagat bhi hoti thi, par unhean vah darja prapt nahian tha, jo ki zauanq ko prapt tha. zauanq zafar ke ustad the. svabhavat: unaki izzat zyada thi. unake sath galib ki noank-jhoank chalati hi rahati thi. baharahal zauanq jab tak rahe, darabar mean galib ubhar nahian paye. 16 aktoobar, 1854 ko zauq ki mrityu ho gee. zauq ke bad badashah zafar ne mirza galib se islah leni shuroo kar di. zafar ke sabase chhote bete shahazade miraza khijr sultan ne bhi inaki shagirdi ikhtiyar ki. sambhavat: isi sal navab vajid alishah avadh naresh ki or se bhi paanch sau salana milane laga. isase inaki sthiti kafi had tak sudh gee. par yah alpakalik hi rahi, kyoanki do hi sal bad 10 julaee, 1856 ko mirza phakhroo ki mrityu ho gee. udhar 11 faravari, 1856 ko aangrezoan ne vajid alishah ko gaddi se utarakar kalakatta bhej diya, jahaan vah matiyaboorz mean nazaraband kar die ge. mee 1857 mean gadar ho gaya aur miraza khijr sultan humayooan ke maqabare mean giraftar kar lie ge aur dilli ke bahar mejar hadasan ki goli ke shikar hue. zafar par bagiyoan ki madad karane ke jurm mean muqadama chala aur vah aktoobar 1858 mean rangoon (ab yaangoon) bhej die ge, jahaan 7 navambar, 1862 ko unaki mrityu ho gee.

1. REDIRECTsaancha:inhean bhi dekhean

hindoo mitroan ki sahayata

1857 ke gadar ke anek chitr mirza 'galib' ke patroan mean tatha inaki pustak ‘dastanboo’ mean milate haian. is samay inaki manovritti asthir thi. yah nirnay nahian kar pate the ki kis paksh mean rahean. sochate the ki pata nahian ooant kis karavat baithe? isilie qile se bhi tho da sambandh banaye rakhate the. ‘dastanboo’ mean un ghatanaoan ka zikr hai jo gadar ke samay inake age guzari thian. udhar fasad shuroo hote hi mirza ki bivi ne unase bina poochhe apane sare zevar aur qimati kap de miyaan kale sahab ke makan par bhej die taki vahaan surakshit raheange. par bat ulati huee. kale sahab ka makan bhi luta aur usake sath hi galib ka saman bhi lut gaya. chooanki is samay raj musalamanoan ka tha, isilie aangrezoan ne dilli vijay ke bad un par vishesh dhyan diya aur unako khoob sataya. bahut se log pran-bhay se bhag ge. inamean mirza ke bhi anek mitr the. isilie gadar ke dinoan mean unaki halat bahut kharab ho gee. ghar se bahar bahut kam nikalate the. khane-pine ki bhi mushkil thi. aise vaqt unake kee hindoo mitroan ne unaki madad ki. muanshi haragopal ‘tufta’ merath se barabar rupaye bhejate rahe, lala maheshadas inaki madira ka prabandh karate rahe. muanshi hira sianh dard, pan. shivaram evan unake putr balamukund ne bhi inaki madad ki. mirza ne apane patroan mean inake prati kritajnata prakat ki hai.

musalaman hooan par adha

yadyapi patiyala ke sipahi as-pas ke makanoan ki raksha mean tainat the, aur ek divar bana di gee thi. lekin 5 aktoobar ko (18 sitambar ko dilli par aangrezoan ka dubara se adhikar ho gaya tha) kuchh gore, sipahiyoan ke mana karane par bhi, divar phaandakar mirza ke muhalle mean a ge aur mirza ke ghar mean ghuse. unhoanne mal-asabab ko hath nahian lagaya, par mirza, arif ke do bachchoan aur chand logoan ko pak dakar le ge aur kutubuddin saudagar ki haveli mean karnal braun ke samane pesh kiya. unaki hasyapriyata aur ek mitr ki sifarish ne raksha ki. bat yah huee jab gore mirza ko giraftar karake le ge, to aangrez sarjent ne inaki anokhi saj-dhaj dekhakar poochha-‘kya tum musalaman ho?’ mirza ne hansakar javab diya ki, ‘musalaman to hooan par adha.’ vah inake javab se chakit hua. poochha-‘adha musalaman ho, kaise?’ mirza bole, ‘sahab, sharib pita hooan; hem (sooar) nahian khata.’

jab karnal ke samane pesh kie ge, to inhoanne maharani viktoriya se apane patr-vyavahar ki bat bataee aur apani vafadari ka vishvas dilaya. karnal ne poochha, ‘tum dilli ki l daee ke samay paha di par kyoan nahian aye, jahaan aangrezi fauzean aur unake madadagar jama ho rahe the?’ mirza ne kaha, ‘tilange daravaze se bahar adami ko nikalane nahian dete the. maian kyoan kar ata? agar koee fareb karake, koee bat karake nikal jata, jab paha di ke qarib goli ki reanj mean pahuanchata to pahare vala goli mar deta. yah bhi mana ki tilange bahar jane dete, gora paharedar bhi goli n marata par meri soorat dekhie aur mera hal maloom kijie. boodha hooan, paanv se apahij, kanoan se bahara, n l daee ke layaq, n mashvirat ke qabil. haan, dua karata hooan so vahaan bhi dua karata raha.’ karnal sahab hanse aur mirza ko unake naukaroan aur gharavaloan ke sath ghar jane ki ijazat de di.

galib aur peanshan

mirza yoosuf ka ant

thumb|mirza galib rekhachitr (skaich)|250px mirza to bach ge par inake bhaee mirza yoosuf itane bhagyashali n the. pahale hi zikr kiya ja chuka hai ki vah 30 sal ki ayu mean hi vikshipt (pagal) ho ge the aur galib ke makan se door, pharrashakhane ke qarib, ek doosare makan mean alag rahate the. jitani peanshan galib ko sarakari khazane se milati thi, utani hi mirza yoosuf ke lie bhi niyat thi. unaki bivi, bachche bhi sath-sath rahate the, par dilli par aangrezoan ka phir se adhikar hua to goroan ne chun-chunakar badala lena shuroo kiya. is beizzati aur atyachar se bachane ke lie yoosuf ki bivi bachchoan sahit inhean akele chho dakar jayapur chali gee thian. ghar par inake pas ek boodhi naukarani aur ek boodha daravan rah ge. mirza ko bhi soochana mili, kintu bebasi ke karan vah kuchh n kar sake. 30 sitambar ko jab galib ko apana daravaza band kie hue pandrah-solah din ho rahe the, unhean soochana mili ki sainik mirza yoosuf ke ghar aye aur sab kuchh le ge, lekin unhean aur boodhe naukaroan ko zinda chho d ge. is samay shahar ki halat bhayanak thi. 2-4 adamiyoan ko milakar, kisi lash ko dafan karane ke lie qabristan tak le jana sambhav n tha. kafan ke lie kap de bhi n milate the. khair sathiyoan ne madad ki. mirza ka ek naukar aur patiyala ka ek sipahi unake sath ge. kafan ke lie do-tin safed chadarean mirza ne apane pas se dian. in logoan ne gali ke sire par tahavvarakhaan ki masjid ki sehan mean gadda khoda aur shav ko usamean utarakar mitti dal di.

asim kashtoan ki ghataean

is samay mirza galib ki halat bahut hi dayaniy thi. amadani ke sab raste band the, jan bachane ki fikr, bhaee ki maut. ek atank sab par chhaya hua tha. zindagi bhi kya zindagi thi. jo jivit the, mare huoan se badatar the. kisi ki bhi suraksha nahian thi. gore jisaki izzat-abaroo chahate le lete the, jise chahate mar dete, un par pratihiansa ka bhoot savar tha. hakim mahamood khaan patiyala maharaj se sambandh hone ke karan galib ka muhalla kuchh surakshit tha. bahut-se logoan ne bhagakar hakim sahab ke yahaan sharan li thi. 2 faravari, 1858 ko hakim shahar chand sipahiyoan ke sath galib ke muhalle mean aya aur hakim mahamood khaan ko sath adamiyoan sahit pak d le gaya. hakim sahab evan unake kuchh sathi tin din bad kuchh log ek hafte ke bad riha kar die ge. hakim sahab chhootakar ghar mean nahian baithe. har ek ke lie dau de aur begunahi ke suboot die. jisase epril tak baqi log bhi riha kar die ge. matalab yah ki gadar kya aya, mirza ka jivanakash kali ghataoan se ghir gaya. ghar mean jo kuchh bhi tha, vah khatm ho gaya. yar-dost sab giraftar aur door ho ge. amadani ke sab raste band the. qile ki tanakhvah bhi pahale hi band ho chuki thi, kyoanki vahaan to deshi fauj ka dera tha. itana hi bahut tha ki un logoan inako sataya nahian, anyatha aangrezoan ka ‘vazifakhar’ kahakar maut ke ghat utar dete to unhean kaun rokane vala tha? aangrezoan ki taraf se jo khanadani peanshan milati thi, vah bhi band ho gee thi, kyoanki dilli par deshi fauj ka qabza tha. aangrez daftar hi kahaan rah gaya tha. is kasht ke samay navab ziyauddin ahamad ne mirza ki bivi umarav begam ko pachas rupaye mahavar niyat kar diya. yah prakarantar se mirza ki hi madad thi. begam ko yah vazifa unaki mrityu tak milata raha.

ramapur se sambandh

chitr:Blockquote-open.gif ek bar unake kisi hitaishi ne inake kuchh sher mir taqi ‘mir’ ko sunae. sunakar ‘mir’ ne kaha, ‘agar is l dake ko koee kabil ustad mil gaya aur usane isako sidhe raste par dal diya to lajavab shayar ban jayega. barna 'mahamil' (nirarthak) bakane lagega.’ mir ki bhavishyavani poori huee. sachamuch yah mahamil bakane lage the, par ant: prerana evan buzurgoan ki kripa se us star se oopar uth gaye. chitr:Blockquote-close.gif

gadar se tho de hi arase pahale mirza ka darabar ramapur se sambandh ho gaya tha. tho da-bahut sambandh to pahale se hi tha, kyoanki jab bachapan mean navab muhammad yoosufali khaan shiksha ke lie dilli ae to unhoanne galib se farasi padhi thi. par bad mean yah silasila toot gaya tha. jab 1855 ee. mean vah gaddi par baithe to mirza ne qita likhakar bheja, lekin parinam kuchh n nikala. navab ne dhyan nahian diya. bad mean jab galib ke hitaishi aur mitr mohammad fazalahak kherabadi ramapur mean the, unhoanne mirza ko taiyar kiya ki vah navab ke pas qasida bhejean. mirza ne qasida bheja. mohammad fazalahak ne bhi sifarish ki. isake uttar mean navab ne 5 faravari, 1857 ko ek khat mean chand sher islah ke lie mirza ke pas bheje. tab se mirza ka darabar ramapur se niyamit sambandh ho gaya. jan p data hai ki navab sahab ne is prarambhik kalam mean yusoof takhallus kiya tha, par mirza ke sujhav par ‘nazim’ pasand kiya. par inaki koee masik vritti nahian bandhi thi. vaise navab bich-bich mean rupaye bhejate rahate the. pahile hi patr ke sath dhaee sau bheje the.

peanshan ki chinta

yah sambandh hue tho d hi din hue the ki gadar mean sab vyavastha chhinn-bhinn ho gee. aandhi aee aur chali gee tab inhean peanshan ki chinta huee. galib ka khyal tha ki shanti sthapit hote hi meri peanshan bahal ho jayagi. jab n huee to vahi chapaloosi vala dhang ikhtiyar kiya. maharani viktoriya tatha uchchadhikariyoan ki prashansa mean qaside likhakar dilli ke adhikariyoan ki marfat bheje, kintu 17 march, 1857 ko kamishnar dilli ne yah likhakar unhean vapas bhej diya ki inamean kori prashansa evan stuti ke siva kuchh nahian hai. jab isake kuchh mas bad aktoobar mean dastanboo chhapi to mirza ne jild lagavakar 2 vilayat aur 4 pratiyaan hindustan mean uchchadhikariyoan ko bheant kian. sanchalak shiksha vibhag pashchimottar pradesh ne b di prashansa ki aur mistar maikaliyad phinaanshal kamishnar ne khud likhakar kamishnar dilli ki marfat yah kitab mirza se mangavaee. yah sab to hua, par adhikariyoan ka dil inaki or se saf n hua. janavari 1860 mean merath mean b da darabar hua. any darabari bulae ge par mirza ko nahian bulaya gaya. phir jab gavarnar-janaral ka kaimp merath se dilli aya aur mirza ne chif sekretari ke khime mean mulaqat ke lie apana tikat bhijavaya to vahaan se javab mila ki gadar ke dinoan mean tum bagiyoan se rabt-zabt rakhate the. ab gavarnament se kyoan milana chahate ho. l aaurd kainiang ki tarif mean jo qasida likha tha vah bhi vapis kar diya gaya ki ab ye chizean hamare pas n bheja karo.

nirashajanak sthiti

is samay inaki halat bahut kharab thi. yahaan tak ki ghar ke kap de-latte bechakar din kat rahe the. in nirashajanak sthiti mean lachar hokar inhoanne dilli se bahar chale jane ka nirnay kiya. navab aminuddin ahamadakhaan tatha ziyauddin ahamadakhaan evan unaki maan begam jan sahaba ne is shart par inake prastav ko svikar kiya ki umarav begam aur bachche loharoo chale jaean. is nirnay ki soochana navab alauddin ahamadakhaan ko, jo us samay loharoo mean the, dete hue likhate haian-
"apana maqasood tumhare valid majid se kah chuka hooan. khulasa yah hai ki meri bivi aur bachchoan ko, ki tumhari qaum ke haian, mujhase le lo ki maian is bojh ka motahamil ho nahian sakata. mera qasd siyahat ka hai. peanshan agar khul jaega to vah apane sarf mean laya karooanga. jahaan ji laga vahaan rah gaya. jahaan se dil uj da chal diya." nirasha mean bivi bachche bojh maloom hote the aur sab musibatean unhian ki vajah se ati maloom p dati thian aur ichchha bhi hoti thi ki akele-
‘rahie ab aisi jagah chalakar jahaan koee n ho’

chitr:Blockquote-open.gif galib sada kiraye ke makanoan mean rahe, apana makan n banava sake. aisa makan zyada pasand karate the, jisamean baithakakhana aur ant:pur alag-alag hoan aur unake daravaze bhi alag hoan, jisase yar-dost bejhijhak a-ja sakean. chitr:Blockquote-close.gif

khair tay yah hua ki bivi bachche loharoo jaean aur yah patiyala jakar rahean. is bich inhoanne maharaj alavar evan patiyala ki tarif mean qaside likhe aur madad chahi. patiyala ke pratishthit nagarik mahamoodakhaan ke yah p dosi the. das varsh se ek jagah rah rahe the. hakim mahamoodakhaan ke do bhaee hakim murttazakhaan aur hakim gulam allakhaan patiyala naresh maharaj narendrasianh ki seva mean the. unaki ichchha bhi thi ki galib kuchh din vahaan jakar rahean. par jab qaside ke javab mean koee anukool uttar n mila tab inhoanne vahaan jane ka vichar tyag diya.

ramapur se masik vritti

idhar se nirash hokar galib ne navab ramapur se darkhast ki ki mera koee niyamit vazifa tay kar diya jae. navab ne 16 julaee, 1859 ko uttar diya ki apako 100 rupaya masik vetan pahuanchata rahega. navab ramapur (yoosuf alikhaan) ne mirza ko kee bar ramapur nimantrit kiya. dilli par aangrezoan ka qabza hote hi inhoanne ramapur ane ka ashvasan diya tha, par inhean sarakari peanshan ki ummid ab bhi lagi thi. isilie dilli chho date n banate thi. navab ramapur ne doosari bar 25 navambar, 1858 ko bulavaya, to inhoanne javab diya, ‘mere hazir hone ko ji irashad hota hai, maian vahaan n aooanga to kahaan jaooanga. peanshan ke vasool ka zamana qarib aya hai. use multavi chho dakar kyoan chala aooan? suna jata hai aur yaqin bhi ata hai ki agaj sal 59 eesvi yah qissa aanzam paye. jisako rupaya milana hai usako rupaya, jisako javab milana hai, usako javab mil jaye.’

kaisi dridh asha evan nishtha thi, is adami ko aangrezoan ki nyayapriyata mean. par nirash to hona hi tha. 1860 ke shuroo mean jab gavarnar-janaral ne inase mulaqat karane se inkar kar diya, tab inaki niand tooti aur jab antim uttar mil gaya, tab inaki aankhean khulian. is bich disambar 1859 mean pun: navab ramapur inhean nimantrit kar chuke the. isilie aangrezoan se nirash hokar 19 janavari, 1860 ko yah ramapur ke lie ravana hue aur 27 janavari ko vahaan pahuanch ge.

aantim samay

svasthy ka nirantar girana

[[chitr:Tomb-of-Mirza-Ghalib.jpg|thumb|mirza galib ka maqabara, dilli|250px]] mirza 'galib' ka zindagi bhar karzadaroan se pind nahian chhoot saka. inake sat bachche bhi hue the, lekin jitane bhi hue sab mar ge. 'arif' (god liya hua beta) ko bete ki tarah ki pala, vah bhi mar gaya. parivarik jivan kabhi sukhi evan premamay nahian raha. manasik santulan ki kami se zamane ki shikayat hamesha rahi. isaka du:kh hi bana raha ki samaj ne kabhi hamari yogyata aur pratibha ki sachchi qadradani n ki. phir sharab jo kishoravastha mean muanh lagi thi, vah kabhi nahian chhooti. gadar ke zamane mean arth-kasht, usake bad peanshan ki bandi. jab inase kuchh phursat mili to ‘qata burahan’ ke hangame ne inake dil mean aisi uttejana paida ki ki bechain rakha. in lagatar musibatoan se inaka svasthy girata hi gaya. khana-pina bahut kam ho gaya. bahare ho ge. drishti-shakti bhi bahut kam ho gee. qabz ki shikayat pahale se hi thi. mee 1848 mean qolaj ka akraman pahali bar hua aur bich-bich mean barabar ata raha. 1861 mean itane darbal the ki navab ramapur muhammad yoosuf khaan ne apane majhale putr haidarali khaan ka nikah kiya aur usamean inhean nimantrit kiya. par bimari evan durbalata ke karan vahaan n ja sake.

charmarog se kasht

din par din svasthy kharab hota ja raha tha. ek n ek rog lage rahate the. jivan ke uttar kal mean khoon bhi kharab ho gaya. isake karan pray: charmarog hote rahate the. is charmarog se unhean b di takalif uthani p di. ek pho da baithata ya pakata ki doosara taiyar ho jata. varshoan tak yah silasila chalata raha. inake patroan ko padhane se samay ki inaki takalifoan ka kuchh aandaz kiya ja sakata hai. 3 mee, 1863 ko ek patr mean likhate haian ki-
"chhatha mahina hai ki sidhe hath mean ek phuansi ne pho de ki soorat paida ki. pho da pakakar phoota aur phootakar ek zakhm aur zakhm ek 'gar' (gadda, gart) ban gaya. hindustani 'jarrahoan' (shaly chikitsak) ka ilaj raha. big data gaya. do mahine se kale daktar ka ilaj hai. salaiyaan dau d rahi haian; ustare se gosht kat raha hai. bis din se ifaqa (labh) ki soorat nazar ati hai."

navambar, 1863 mean qazi abdulajamil ko ek khat mean likhate haian ki-
"jitana khoon badan mean tha, bemuvalaga adha usamean se pip hokar nikal gaya."

pho doan se mukti mili to 1863 mean fatq ki shikayat huee. in sharirik vyadhiyoan mean parivarik saukhy evan dampaty sneh ke abhav ne zindagi ko svadahin kar diya tha. jine ki ichchha nahian rah gee thi. mrityu ki akaanksha karane lage the. joon, 1863 ke ek patr mean likhate haian ki-
"san 1277 hijari mean mera n marana sirf takazib ke vaste tha. har roz marge nau ka maza chakhata hooan. rooh meri ab jism mean is tarah ghabarati hai, jis tarah tayar qafas mean. koee shagal, koee ikhtilat, koee jalsa, koee majama pasand nahian. kitab se nafarat, sher se nafarat, jism se nafarat, rooh se nafarat. jo kuchh likha hai bemubalaga aur bayane vaqa hai."

mrityu ki akaanksha aur karunajanak patr

manasik ulajhanoan, sharirik kashtoan aur arthik chintaoan ke karan jivan ke antim varshoan mean yah pray: mrityu ki akaanksha kiya karate the. har sal apani mrityu tithi nikalate. par vinod vritti ant tak bani rahi. ek bar jab mrityu tithi ka zikr apane shishy se kiya to usane kaha, ‘iansha alla, yah tithi bhi galat sabit hogi.’ is par mirza bole, ‘dekho sahab! tum aisi kal fal muanh se n nikalo. agar yah tithi galat sabit huee to maian sir pho dakar mar jaooanga.’

kabhi-kabhi yah sochakar aur dukhi ho jate the ki unake bad unake ashritoan ka kya hoga. aise samay dil ko samajhate the ki bivi ke sambandhi use bhookhoan marane n deange. navab aminuddin khaan, loharoo naresh ko ek patr mean likha ki-

"meri zauja tumhari bahan, mere bachche tumhare bachche haian. khud jo meri haqiki bhatiji hai, usaki aulad bhi tumhari aulad hai. n tumhare vaste balki in bekasoan ke vaste tumhara duago hooan aur tumhari salamati chahata hooan. tamanna yah hai aur iansha alla aisa hi hoga ki tum jite raho aur maian tum donoan (aminuddin v ziyauddin) ke samane mar jaooan, taki agar is qafale ko roti n doge to chane doge. agar chane bhi n doge aur bat n poochhoge to meri bala se. maian to muafiq apane tasavvur ke in gamazadoan ke gam mean n ulajhooanga."

antakal

[[chitr:Mirza-Ghalib-Stamp.jpg|thumb|250px|galib ke samman mean jari dak tikat]] mirza 'galib' ko mrityu ke kee din pahale se behoshi ke dore ane lage the. kee-kee ghantoan bad kuchh der ke lie hosh ata; phir behosh ho jate. dehavasan se ek roz pahale ki do ghatanaean smaraniy haian. lambi behoshi ke bad kuchh hosh aya tha. ‘hali’ ge to pahachana. navab alauddin khaan ne loharoo se hal puchhavaya tha. unako javab likhavaya, ‘mera hal mujhase kya poochhate ho. ekadh roz mean hamasayoan se poochhana.’ isi roz kuchh khane ko maanga. khana aya to naukar se kaha ki miraza jivan-beg (mirza baqarali khaan ki sabase b di l daki) ko bulao. yah pray: unhian ke pas khela karati thi, par us samay andar chali gee thi. kallu mulazim bulane ant:pur mean gaya to vah so rahi thi. usaki maan bugga begam ne kaha, ‘so rahi hai, yooan hi jagati hai, bhejati hooan.’ kalloo ne jakar yahi bat kah di. is par bole, ‘bahut achchha.’ jab vah ayegi, tab ham khana khayeange. par usake bad hi takiye par sir rakhakar behosh ho ge. hakim mahamood khaan aur hakim ahasan ulla khaan ko khabar di gee. unhoanne akar jaanch ki aur batalaya, ‘dimag par falij gira hai.’ bahut yatn kiya par sab bekar hua. phir unhean hosh n aya aur usi halat mean agale din, 15 faravari, 1869 ee., dopahar dhale unaka dam toot gaya. ek aisi pratibha ka ant ho gaya, jisane is desh mean farasi kavy ko uchchata pradan ki aur urdoo gady-pady ko parampara ki shriankhalaoan se mukt kar ek naye saanche mean dhala.

antim kriya

chitr:Blockquote-open.gif galib shiya musalaman the, par mazahab ki bhavanaoan mean bahut udar aur svatantr cheta the. inaki mrityu ke bad hi agara se prakashit hone vale patr ‘zakhira balagovind’ ke march, 1869 ke aank mean inaki mrityu par jo sampadakiy lekh chhapa tha aur jo shayad inake sambandh mean likha sabase purana aur pahala lekh hai, usase to ek nee bat maloom hoti hai ki yah bahut pahale chupachap ‘frimaisan’ ho ge the aur logoan ke bahut poochhane par bhi usaki gopaniyata ki ant tak raksha karate rahe. chitr:Blockquote-close.gif

mrityu ke bad inake mitroan mean is bat ko lekar matabhed hua ki shiya ya sunni, kis vidhi se inaka mritak sanskar ho. galib shiya the, isamean kisi ko sandeh ki guanjaish n thi, par navab ziyauddin aur mahamood khaan ne sunni vidhi se hi sab kriya-karm karaya aur jis loharoo khanadan ne 1847 ee. mean samachar patroan mean chhapavaya tha ki galib se hamara door ka sambandh hai, usi khanadan ke navab ziyauddin ne sampoorn mritak sanskar karavaya aur unake shav ko gaurav ke sath apane vansh ke qabristan (jo chausath khambha ke pas hai) mean apane chacha ke pas jagah di.

inaki mrityu par bahutoan ne marsiye likhe, jinamean hali, majarooh aur salik ke marsiye mashahoor haian. unake samadhi stambh par majarooh ka nimnalikhit qita khuda hua hai-

ya hayyi ya qayyoom
rashke urfi v fakhre talib mard
asadulla khane galib mard
kal mean gamoan andoh mean bakhatire mahajooan
tha turbate ustad pai baitha hua gamanak
dekha to mujhe fikr mean tarikh ki ‘majarooh’
hatif ne kaha-‘ganje mani hai tahekhak’.

mirza ki mrityu ka unaki patni tatha any ashritoan par kya prabhav p da hoga, isaki kalpana matr ki ja sakati hai. mirza ki zindagi zyadatar du:khoan mean biti. parivarik sukh ke lie ye sada hi tarasate rahe. sat bachche hue-putr aur putriyaan. par koee bhi pandrah mahine se zyada nahian ji paya. patni se bhi vah hardik saukhy n mila, jo jivan ki dam ghotane vali ghatiyoan ke bich chalate hue manushyoan ko bal pradan karata hai.

umarav begam

mirza asadulla beg khan 'galib' ki mrityu ke bad unaki vidhava umarav begam par jo vipattiyaan aee hoangi, unaki kalpana ki ja sakati hai. aangrez sarakar se milane vali peanshan, ramapur ka vazifa sab band ho gaya. rrinadataoan ke taqaze se ant tak galib pareshan rahe. ab vah bojh bhi in par a p da. mrityu ke samay mirza par 800 rupaye ka qarz tha, jisake lie unhoanne ramapur darabar se prathana ki thi, par abhi tak usaka kuchh n hua. 1 agast, 1869 ko umarav begam ne navab ramapur ko nimnalikhit patr bheja-

"janab ali! jis roz se mirza asadulla khaan ne vafat paee hai, to yah aziz beva is qadar masayab mean giraftar hai ki taharir ke bahar hai. avval to yah musibat hai ki mirza sahab marahoom ath sau rupaye qarzadar mare, doosari musibat yah hai ki peanshan aangrezi masdood huee, tisari yah ki tanakhvah sau rupaye mahavar, jo ap azarahe qadradani ke mirza marahoom ko irasal farmate the, vah bhi ek lakht mauqoof huee. ab tak qarz lekar auqat basar ki. ab qarz bhi nahian milata. naubat faqaqashi ki pahuanchi. ab duago ki yah tamanna hai ki aisi paravarish mujh zeefa ki ho jae ki mirza marahoom haqe abad se bari ho jayean ki yah sakht azab hai. agar huzoor soorate adae qarz faramavean to kamale sababe azim hoga." peanshan meri das rupaye aangrez karata hai. bashartean ki maian kachahari mean hazir hoooan aur mera kachahari mean jana harmiz n hoga, go faqoan hi mar jaooan. kya maian apane pita aur chacha aur shauhar ka nam roshan karooan. aur jo izzat aur riyasat mere chacha ki aur hurmat mere valid ki aur shauhar ki age khasoam ke thi, huzoor par sab roshan hai."

is karunajanak arzi par bhi navab ramapur ka dil nahian pasija. 2 sitambar, 1869 ko bechari vidhava ne dobara likha. is par 9 sitambar ko navab mirza ‘dag’ ko hukm hua ki jaanch karake riport karean. 30 aktoobar ko navab ne hukm diya ki umarav begam ko 600 rupaye ki hundi bheji jae.

pata nahian chalata ki yah 600 rupaye ki hundi kis hisab se bheji gee, n hi yah pata chalata hai ki vah bheji bhi gee ya nahian aur bheji bhi gee to umarav begam ko mili ya nahian. in du:kh ki gh diyoan mean umarav begam ke chachere bhaee aur mirza ke shishy navab ziyauddin khaan ne madad ki aur 25 ya 50 rupaye masik vritti bhi niyat kar di, jo unhean mrityu tak milati rahi. navab ziyauddin ajivan aur jivanantar bhi galib ke sahayak rahe. jab gadar mean peanshan band ho gee thi, tab bhi 50 rupaye mahavar umarav begam ko dete rahe. par umarav begam vaidhavy ka du:kh jhelane ke lie zyada din zinda n rahian aur shauhar ki mrityu ke thik ek varsh bad 4 faravari, 1870 ko, din ke 10-11 baje paralok vasini ho geean.

rachanaean

thumb|'divan-e-galib' ka avaran prishth galib ne apani rachanaoan mean saral shabdoan ka prayog kiya hai. urdoo gady-lekhan ki nianv rakhane ke karan inhean vartaman urdoo gady ka janmadata bhi kaha jata hai. inaki any rachanaean 'latayaphe gaibi', 'durapashe kaveyani', 'namae galib', 'mehnim' adi gady mean haian. farasi ke kuliyat mean farasi kavitaoan ka sangrah haian. dastanb mean inhoanne 1857 ee. ke balave ka aankhoan dekha vivaran farasi gady mean likha haian. galib ne nimn rachanaean bhi ki haian-

1. 'urdoo-e-hindi'
2. 'urdoo-e-mualla'
3. 'nam-e-galib'
4. 'latayaphe gaibi'
5. 'duvapashe kaveyani' adi.

inaki rachanaoan mean desh ki tatkalin samajik, rajanitik tatha arthik sthiti ka varnan hua hai.

divan-e-galib

unaki khoobasoorat shayari ka sangrah 'divan-e-galib' ke roop mean 10 bhagoan mean prakashit hua hai. jisaka anek svadeshi tatha videshi bhashaoan mean anuvad ho chuka hai.

galib ki shayari sangrah 'divan-e-galib' se kuchh panktiyaan

hazaroan khvahishean aisi, ki har khvahish pe dam nikale bahut nikale mere araman, lekin phir bhi kam nikale nikalana khuld se adam ka sunate aye the, lekin bahut beabaroo ho kar tire kooche se ham nikale huee jinase tavaqqo, khastagi ki dad pane ki vo ham se bhi ziyada khast-e-tege-sitam nikale muhabbat mean nahian hai farq, jine aur marane ka usi ko dekhakar jite haian, jis kafir pe dam nikale

bazicha-e-atfal hai duniya hai mere age hota hai shab-o-roz tamasha mere age. mat poochh ki kya hal hai mera tere pichhe too dekh ki kya rang hai tera mere age. eemaan mujhe roke hai, jo khianche hai mujhe kufr kaba mere pichhe hai kalisa mere age. go hath ko jumbish nahian aankhoan mean to dam hai rahane do abhi sagar-o-mina mere age.

galib ka vyaktitv

thumb|galib|250px galib ka vyaktitv b da hi akarshak tha. eerani chehara, gora-lamba qad, sudaul ekahara badan, ooanchi nak, kapol ki haddi ubhari huee, chau da matha, ghani uthi palakoan ke bich jhaankate dirgh nayan, sansar ki kahani sunane ko utsuk lambe kan, apani sunane ko utsuk, manoan bol hi padeange. aise oth apani chuppi mean bhi bol p dane vale, budhape mean bhi phootati deh ki kanti jo ishara karati hai ki javani ke sauandary mean n jane kya nasha raha hoga. sundar gaur varn, samast zindadili ke sath jivit, isi duniya ke adami, iansan aur iansan ke gun-doshoan se lagaye-yah the mirza va miraza galib.

vastr vinyas aur bhojan

reesazada the aur janm bhar apane ko vaisa hi samajhate rahe. isilie vastr vinyas ka b da dhyan rakhate the. jab ghar par hote, pray: pajama aur aangarakha pahinate the. sir par kamadani ki huee malamal ki gol topi lagate the. ja doan mean garm kap de ka kalidar pajama aur mirzee. bahar jate to aksar choo didar ya tang moh di ka pajama, kurta, sadari ya chapakan aur oopar qimati labada hota tha. paanv mean jooti aur hath mean moothadar, lambi chh di. zyada thand hoti to ek chhota shal bhi kandhe aur pith par dal lete the. sir par lambi topi. kabhi-kabhi topi par mugalee pag di ya pataka. reshami luangi ke shauqin the. rangoan ka b da dhyan rakhate the.

khane-khilane ke shauqin, svadisht bhojanoan ke premi the. garmi-sardi har mausam mean uthate hi sabase pahale thandaee pite the, jo badam ko pisakar mishri ke sharbat mean gholi jati thi. phir pahar din chadhe nashta karate the. budhape mean ek hi bar, dopahar ko khana khate; rat ko kabhi n khate. khane mean gosht zaroor rahata tha, shayad hi kabhi naga hua ho. gosht ke taza, beresha, pakane par mulayam aur svadisht rahane ki shart; phir meve bhi usamean zaroor p de hoan shoraba adha ser ke lagabhag. bakari evan dumbe ka gosht adhik pasand tha, bhean d ka achchha nahian lagata tha. pakshiyoan mean murg, kabootar aur bater pasand tha. gosht aur tarakari mean apana bas chalate chane ki dal zaroor dalavate the.

chane ki dal, besan ki kadhi aur phulakiyaan bahut khate the. budhape evan bimari mean jab meda kharab ho gaya, to roti-chaval donoan chho d die aur ser bhar gosht ki gadhi yakhani aur kabhi-kabhi 3-4 tale shamami kabab lete the. phaloan mean aangoor aur am bahut pasand the. amoan ko to bahut hi zyada chahate the. mitroan se unake lie faramaish karate rahate the, aur isake bare mean anek latife inaki zindagi se sambaddh haian. huqqa pite the, pechavan ko zyada pasand karate the. pan nahian khate the. sharab janm bhar pite rahe. par budhape mean tandurusti kharab hone par nam ko chand tole sham ko pite. bina piye niand n ati thi. sada vilayati sharab pite the. old tam aur kasatelan zyada pasand thi. sharab ki tezi kam karane ko adhe se zyada gulabajal milate the. patr ko kap de se lapetate aur garmi ke dinoan mean kap de ko barf se tar kar dete. khud hi kaha hai-

asooda bad khatire galib ki khooe aust
amekhtan b bade saqi gulab ra.

sharab ki chuski lete aur sath-sath dhime tale namakin badam khate. jab durbal hue to inhean khud sharab pine par anutap hota tha. par adat chhootati n thi. phir bhi matra kam karane ke lie ek samay, ekant mean do ya ek khas dostoan ki upasthiti mean pite the. kahian zyada n pi lean, isilie sandooq mean botalean rakhate the usaki chabi inake vafadar sevak kalloo daroga ke pas rahati thi aur use taqid kar rakha tha ki rat ko kabhi nashe ya suroor mean maian zyada pina chahooan aur maangooan to mera kahana n manana aur

talab karane par bhi kuanji (chabi) n dena. logoan ke poochhane par bhi ki yoan nam karane se kya fayada, chho d hi n dean, ‘jauanq’ ka sher padhate the-

chhootati nahian hai muanh se yah kafir lagi huee.

shishtata evan udar vyaktitv

thumb|galib smarak|250px mirza ke vishay mean pahali bat to yah hai ki vah atyant shisht evan mitraparan the. jo koee unase milane ata, usase khule dil se milate the. isilie jo adami ek bar inase milata tha, use sada inase milane ki ichchha bani rahati thi. mitroan ke prati atyant vafadar the. unaki khushi mean khushi, unake du:kh mean du:kh. mitroan ko dekhakar bag-bag ho jate the. unake mitroan ka bahut b da dayara tha. usamean har jati, dharm aur prant ke log the. mitr ko kasht mean dekhate to inaka hraday ro p data tha. usaka du:kh door karane ke lie jo kuchh bhi sambhav hota tha karate the. svayan n kar pate to doosaroan se sifarish karate. inake patroan mean mitroan ke prati sahanubhooti evan chinta ke jharane bahut hue dikhaee dete haian. mitroan ko kasht mean dekh hi nahian sakate the. unaka dil kachotane lagata tha. hraday mean ras tha, isilie prem chhalak p data tha. mitroan kya shagirdoan se bhi bahut prem karate the. inako islah hi nahian dete the; sansadhanoan ka karan bhi likhate the. bachchoan par jan dete the. amadani kam thi. khud kasht mean rahate the, phir bhi pi ditoan ke prati b de udar the. koee bhikhari inake daravaze se khali hath nahian lautata tha. unake makan ke age andhe, lang de-loole aksar p de rahate the. mirza unaki madad karate rahate the. ek bar khilat mili. chaparasi inam lene ae. ghar mean paise nahian the. chupake se ge, khilat bech ae aur chaparasiyoan ko uchit inam diya.

atm-svabhiman

is udar drishti ke bavajood atmabhimani the- ‘mir’ jaise to nahian, jinhoanne duniya ki har namat apane samman ke lie thukaraee, phir bhi apani izzat-abaroo ka b da khyal rakhate the. shahar ke anek sambhrant logoan se parichay tha. lekin jo inake ghar par n ata tha, usake yahaan kabhi nahian jate the. kaisi garibi ho bazar mean bina palaki ya havadar ke nahian nikalate the. kalakatta jate hue jab lakhanoo thahare the, to agamir se isilie nahian mile ki usane uthakar inaka svagat karane ki shart manzoor nahian ki thi. galib ke atm-samman ki halat yah thi ki jab unhean dilli k aaulej mean farasi bhasha ke mukhy adhyapak ka pad pesh kiya gaya to apani duravastha sudharane ke vichar se ve tamasan sahab (sekretari, gavarnameant aauf indiya) ke bulave par unake yahaan pahuanche, to yah dekhakar ki tamasan sahab unake svagat ke lie bahar nahian ae, unhoanne kaharoan ko palaki vapas le chalane ko kah diya.

sarv dharmapriy vyakti

vaise vah shiya musalaman the, par mazahab ki bhavanaoan mean bahut udar aur svatantr cheta the. inaki mrityu ke bad hi agara se prakashit hone vale patr ‘zakhira balagovind’ ke march, 1869 ke aank mean inaki mrityu par jo sampadakiy lekh chhapa tha aur jo shayad inake sambandh mean likha sabase purana aur pahala lekh hai, usase to ek nee bat maloom hoti hai ki yah bahut pahale chupachap ‘frimaisan’ ho ge the aur logoan ke bahut poochhane par bhi usaki gopaniyata ki ant tak raksha karate rahe. baharahal vah jo bhi rahe hoan, itana to tay hai ki mazahab ki dasata unhoanne kabhi svikar nahian ki. inake mitroan mean har jati, dharm aur shreni ke log the.

vinodapriy v madira premi

mirza galib jivan sangharsh se bhagate nahian aur n inaki kavita mean kahian nirasha ka nam hai. vah is sangharsh ko jivan ka ek aansh tatha avashyak aang samajhate the. manav ki uchchata tatha manushyatv ko sab kuchh manakar usake bhavoan tatha vicharoan ka varnan karane mean vah atyant nipun the aur yah varnanashaili aise ne dhang ki hai ki, ise padhakar pathak mugdh ho jata hai. galib mean jis prakar sharirik sauandary tha, usi prakar unaki prakriti mean vinodapriyata tatha vakrata bhi thi aur ye sab visheshataean unaki kavita mean yatr-tatr jhalakati rahati haian. vah madira premi bhi the, isaliye madira ke sanbandh mean inhoanne jahaan bhav prakat kie haian, ve sher aise chutile tatha vinodapoorn haian ki, unaka jo d urdoo kavita mean anyatr nahian milata.

khud ka ghar n hona

galib sada kiraye ke makanoan mean rahe, apana makan n banava sake. aisa makan zyada pasand karate the, jisamean baithakakhana aur ant:pur alag-alag hoan aur unake daravaze bhi alag hoan, jisase yar-dost bejhijhak a-ja sakean. naukar 4-4, 5-5 rakhate the. bure se bure dinoan mean bhi tin se kam n rahe. yatra mean bhi 2-3 naukar sath rahate the. inake purane naukaroan mean madari ya madar khaan, kallu aur kalyan b de vafadar rahe. kallu to ant tak sath hi raha. vah chaudah varsh ki ayu mean mirza ke pas aya tha aur unake parivar ka hi ho gaya tha. vah paanv ki ahat se pahichan leta tha ki l dakiyaan haian, bahuean haian ya budhiya haian.

kavyashaili mean parivartan

mirza galib ne farasi bhasha mean kavita karana praranbh kiya tha aur isi farasi kavita par hi inhean sada abhiman raha. parantu yah dev ki kripa hai ki, inaki prasiddhi, samman tatha sarvapriyata ka adhar inaka chhota-sa urdoo ka ‘divan-e- galib’ hi hai. inhoanne jab urdoo mean kavita karana aranbh kiya, usamean farasi shabdavali tatha yojanaean itani bhari rahati thian ki, vah atyant klisht ho jati thi. inake bhavoan ke vishesh ulajhe hone se inake sher paheli ban jate the. apane poorvavartiyoan se bhinn ek naya marg nikalane ki dhun mean yah nity ne prayog kar rahe the. kiantu inhoanne shighr hi samay ki avashyakata ko samajha aur svayan hi apani kavyashaili mean parivartan kar dala tatha pahale ki bahut-si kavitaean nasht kar kramash: nee kavita mean aisi saralata la di ki, vah sabake samajhane yogy ho gee.

ne gady ke pravartak

mirza galib ne keval kavita mean hi nahi, gadyalekhan ke liye bhi ek naya marg nikala tha, jis par vartaman urdoo gady ki nianv rakhi gee. sach to yah hai ki, galib ko ne gady ka pravartak kahana chahie. inake do patr-sangrah, ‘urdu-e-hindi’ tatha ‘urdu-e-mualla’ aise granth haian ki, inaka upayog kie bina aj koee urdoo gady likhane ka sahas nahian kar sakata. in patroan ke dvara inhoanne saral urdoo likhane ka dhang nikala aur use farasi arabi ki klisht shabdavali tatha shaili se svatantr kiya. in patroan mean tatkalin samajik, arthik tatha rajanitik vivaranoan ka achchha chitr haian. galib ki vinodapriyata bhi inamean dikhalaee p dati hai. inaki bhasha itani saral, suandar tatha akarshak hai ki, vaisi bhasha koee urdoo lekhak ab tak nahian likh saka. galib ki shaili isaliye bhi vishesh priy hai ki, usamean achchhaiyaan bhi haian aur kachchaiyaan bhi, tatha poornata aur trutiyaan bhi haian. yah poornaroop se manushy haian aur isaki chhap inake gady pady donoan par hai.

behatarin shayar

mirza asadulla beg khan 'galib' ka sthan urdoo ke choti ke shayar ke roop mean sadaiv akshunn rahega. unhoanne urdoo sahity ko ek sudridh adhar pradan kiya hai. urdoo aur farasi ke behatarin shayar ke roop mean unaki khyati door-door tak phaili tatha arab evan any rashtroan mean bhi ve atyant lokapriy hue. galib ki shayari mean ek t dap, ek chahat aur ek ashiqana aandaz paya jata hai. jo sahaj hi pathak ke man ko chhoo leta hai.

                                "haian aur bhi duniya mean sukhanavar  bahut achchhe , kahate haian ki galib ka hai aandaze bayaan  aur  "  

                                         ballimaran  ke mohalle ki  vo pechida daliloan ki si galiyaan ........
                          samane tal ke nukk d par bateroan ke kaside ........ gu dagu dati  huee pan ki pikoan mean vo dad , vo vah vah ........
                             chand daravazoan par latake hue boshida se kuchh tat ke parade .......ek bakari ke mimayane ki avaz ..........
   aur dhuandhalaee huee sham ke benoor aandhere aise divaroan se muhan jo d ke chalate haian yahaan ....... choo divalaan  ke kat de ki b di bi jaise apani bujhati huee aankhoan se daravaze tatole ...... 
                     isi benoor aandheri si gali kasim se ek taratib charagoan ki shuroo hoti hai ......... ek kurane sukhan ka sapha khulata hai ...........
                                                  asadalla khaan galib  ka pata milata hai  | 

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

bahari k diyaan

hindi path k diyaan	aangrezi path k diyaan	vidiyo k diyaan
mirza galib galib ke khat mahan shayar mirza galib mirza galib hazir ho mirza galib ustadoan ke ustad shayar mirja galib divan e galib mirza galib ki shayari	Mirza Ghalib Official Website Ghalib Institute Mirza Ghalib Mirza Galib Shayari Mirza Ghalib Mirza Ghalib’s Haveli Mirza Ghalib (1796-1869) Mirza Ghalib, b. Agra, 1797-1869	mirza galib ki gazalean daunalod karean bazicha e aftal hai duniya mere age koee ummid bhar nahian ati unake dekhe se jo hazaroan khvahishean aisi... ah ko chahie nuqtachi hai gamean dil dil-e-nadan tujhe

link=#top|center|oopar jayean