विशिष्टाद्वैत दर्शन

vishishtadvait darshan roodhivadi bharatiy darshan ke pradhan matoan mean se ek hai. isake pratishthapak ramanujachary the. yah mat satavian shatabdi ke bad dakshin bharat mean mukhy roop se sakriy 'bhakti aandolan se vikasit hua tha.

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pratishthapak

vishishtadvait darshan ke pratishthapak ramanujachary the. unaka janm sanvat 1084 ke as-pas hua tha. unaki vicharadhara shankarachary ke advaitavadi nirgun brahm ke viruddh ek pratikriya thi. vishishtadvait darshan mean ramanujachary ne sagun brahm ke sath-sath jagat aur jiv ki satta ki pratishtha ki. unhoanne sharir ko visheshan tatha atmatattv ko visheshy mana.

vaishnav bhakti aandolan ka margadarshan karane vale aranbhik brahmanoan mean se ek nathamuni the, jo shrirangamh (adhunik tamilanadu rajy) ke mandir ke mukhy purohit the. unake bad yamuna ne yah kary sanbhala, jinhoanne kuchh darshanik prabandh likhe, lekin tikaean nahian likhian. unake uttaradhikari ramanuj ya 'ramanujachary'sabase prakhyat hasti the, jinhoanne brahmasootroan aur shrimadbhagavad gita par tikaean; upanishadoan par ek granth 'vedarthasangreh' ki rachana ki.

ramanuj vedaant chiantakoan mean se pahale vyakti the, jinhoanne vyaktigat eeshvar ki upanishadoan tatha vedaant sootroan ke brahm se ekatmata ko apani paddhati ka adhar banaya. vaiyaktik eeshvar ke roop mean brahm mean apani poori sanpoornata ke sath sabhi sadgun hote haian aur ramanuj ne unaka ullekh nahian kiya hai. unhoanne ekatmak aur asimit brahm tatha bahuvadi v simit vishv ke sanbandhoan ki nee tarah se vivechana ki hai, jise upanishadoan ka bhi kuchh samarthan prapt hai. unake lie asimit aur simit ka sanbandh atma aur sharir ke sanbandh ke saman hai. isalie 'advaitavad' ka astitv rahata hai, halaanki inamean vibhed batae ja sakate haian. atma tatha padarth apane astitv ke lie poornat: eeshvar par nirbhar hai, jis prakar sharir atma par nirbhar hai.

vishishtadvait darshan ke anusar- "sharir vishisht hai, jivatma aansh tatha aantaryami paramatma aanshi hai. sansar praranbh hone se poorv 'sookshm chidh chidh vishisht brahm' ki sthiti hoti hai sansar evan jagat ki utpatti ke uparaant 'sthool chidh chidh vishisht brahm' ki sthiti rahati hai. 'tayo ekan iti brahm' apani simaoan ki paridhi se chhoot jana hi moksh hai. muktatmaean eeshvar ki bhaanti ho jati haian- kiantu eeshvar nahian hotian."

paddhatiyaan

eeshvar ke astitv ki do paddhatiyaan haian-

1. nimitt (karan)
2. phal (parinam)

nimitt ke roop mean vah keval apani sanpoornata ke sapeksh mean apane sar roop mean hai. parinam ke roop mean unaka sharir atma tatha ghatana jagat hai. srijan tatha avashoshan ke in kaloan ke bich ek sajiv samanjasy hai. ramanuj ke lie mukti ya moksh punarjanm se nakaratmak vilagan nahian hai, balki eeshvar ke prati sanpoorn bhakti ke jivan, unaki stuti, mandiroan aur vyaktigat pooja sthaloan mean eeshvar ka gunagan karane tatha usaki sanpoornata par lagatar vishvas karane se prapt kiya ja sakata hai. eeshvar apani anukanpa ke roop mean isaka phal deange, jo bhakt ko mukti prapt karane mean sahayata karega.

prachar-prasar

ramanuj ke bad bhi 'vishishtadvait' phala-phoola aur isaka kafi prachar-prasar bhi hua, lekin eeshvar ki anukanpa ke mahatv ke mudde par isamean phoot p d gee. dakshin bharat ke sanskrit mat 'vadakalai' ke lie mukti prapt karane mean eeshvar ki anukanpa mahattvapoorn hai, lekin manushy ko bhi apani or se poora prayas karana chahie. is vicharadhara ka pratinidhitv chiantak veankatanath karate the, jinhean 'vedaantadeshika' se jana jata tha. uttari tamil mat 'teankalai' ke anusar keval eeshvar ki anukanpa hi avashyak hai. 'vishishtadvait' ka prabhav sudoor uttar tak phaila, jahaan isane vaishnavavad ke punarjagaran mean vishesh bhoomika nibhaee, visheshakar bangal ke bhakt chaitany mahaprabhu (1485-1533) ke netritv mean dakshin bharat mean is darshan ka ab bhi mahattvapoorn bauddhik prabhav hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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sanbandhit lekh

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shrutiyaan

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