व्याप्ति की दुरवबोधता -चार्वाक
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- jo log anuman ko prithakh praman manate haian, unase charvak janana chahata hai ki ap anuman ka svaroop kya manate haian? vyapti evan pakshadharmata se yukt jnan hi to anuman hoga. yah jnan tab tak sambhav nahian hai jab tak is vishisht jnan mean visheshan ke roop mean svikrit vyapti ko n jan liya jay. anuman ko praman manane valoan ke mat mean ubhay vidh upadhi se vidhur sambandh hi vyapti hai. is vyapti ka jnan hone par hi anumiti hoti hai. pratyaksh ki tarah chakshu ka svaroopat: jaise pratyaksh prama mean upayog hota hai us prakar vyapti ki svaroopat: anumiti mean koee bhoomika sambhav nahian hai. aisi sthiti mean yahaan yah prashn hota hai ki vyapti ka jnan kis upay se sambhav hai?
- kya vyapti ka jnan pratyaksh praman se sambhav hai? yadi haan to kya yah vyapti ka bahy pratyaksh hai ya antar pratyaksh? vyapti ka bahy pratyaksh hai yah nahian mana ja sakata hai kyoanki vartaman kal mean vidyaman vastu mean vyapti ka bahy indriyoan se pratyaksh bhale ho jaye parantu bhoot evan bhavishy kal mean vidyaman vastuoan mean is vyapti ka jnan bahy indriyoan se kathamapi sambhav nahian hai. vastu mean vidyaman dharm dhootattv adi ke madhyam se sabhi dhoom mean chahe vah bhoot mean ho ya bhavishy mean, vyapti ka jnan ho jata hai yah nahian mana ja sakata. kyoanki aisa svikar karane par vyakti mean vyapti ke abhav ki apatti dushparihar ho jayegi.
- vyapti ka antar arthat man se pratyaksh hota hai, yah bhi nahian many ho sakata kyoanki ant:karan ya man barhindriyoan ke sarvatha adhin hota hai[1] isilie kabhi bhi man svatantr roop se bahy vishayoan ko grahan karane ke lie udyat nahian dekha jata hai. phalat: vyapti ka bahy evan antar pratyaksh kathamapi nahian ho sakata, yah sunishchit ho jata hai.
- vyapti ka anuman praman se bhi sakshatkar sambhav nahian hai. yadi vyapti ka jnajnanh anuman se mana jaega to isaka tatpary yah hoga ki vyapti ke is anuman mean vyapti sadhy hai. vyapti roop sadhy ko siddh karane ke lie koee hetu bhi hoga hi. is hetu mean bhi vyapti svaroop sadhy ki vyapti svikar karani hogi. aur is prakar is hetu mean rahane vali vyapti ki vyapti ke jnan ke lie bhi pun: anuman ka anusaran karana p dega. is tarah jab kahian apramanik roop mean anant padarth ki kalpana karani p dati hai to ise anavastha dosh kahate haian. parinam mean yah nishkarsh nikalata hai ki vyapti ka jnan anuman se anavastha dosh ke karan asambhav hai.
- vyapti ko shabd praman se bhi nahian jana ja sakata. jab shabd se kisi arth ke bodh ke lie jan samany pravritt hota hai tab kuchh prasiddh hetuoan ya liangoan ke dvara use arth vishesh mean shabd vishesh ki shakti ka bodh hota hai. ve hetu- vyakaran, upaman, kosh, aptavaky, vyavahar, vaky shesh, vivriti evan siddh pad ki sannidhi ke roop mean vikhyat hai.[2] in hetuoan mean vyavahar ko arth mean shabd ki shakti ka jnan karane mean sarvopari mana gaya hai. yadi shakti ka bodh karane ke lie vriddhoan ke vyavahar ko hetu ke roop mean prastut kareange to shakti roop sadhy ka anuman karane ke lie vriddhavyavahar hetu hoga, tatha is hetu mean vyapti hogi. is vyapti ka jnan karane ke lie pun: shabd praman ka sahayog lena p dega phalat: pun: poorvadarshit paddhati se anavastha dosh ki prasakti aparihary ho jaegi. aisi sthiti mean shabd bhi vyapti ke jnan karane mean samarth nahian hai yah siddh ho jata hai.
- maharshi manu evan yajnavalky adi ke vachanoan mean jaise jan samany mean agadh shraddha drishti gochar hoti hai vaisi shraddha ya vishvas dhooean mean ag ki vyapti ya avinabhav hai is vachan mean nahian dekhi jati hai. at: vyapti ko siddh karane ke lie apt vaky roop shabd ko praman ke roop mean nahian svikar kiya ja sakata.[3]
- itane upayoan ka sahara le kar bhi yadi vyapti ka bodh sambhav nahian hota hai to avinabhav ya vyapti ke jnan ke bina dhoom adi ko dekh kar vahni adi ka svarthanuman bhi nahian ho sakata. svarthanuman ki asambhavana ki sthiti mean pararthanuman ki kalpana to svat: nirast ho jati hai.
- anuman ko praman manane valoan ki yah manyata hai ki doosare praman se arthat pratyaksh se hetu mean vyapti ka jnan karane ke anantar dhoom ko parvat par dekhane ke bad vyapti ka smaran hota hai tatha vyapti se vishisht dhoom ke parvat mean rahane ka jnan ya pakshadharmata jnan hone ke anantar parvat mean ag hai yah anumiti hoti hai. yadi shabd se hi, vyapti se vishisht dhoom hai yah vyapti-jnan mana jaega to jis vyakti ko shabd ke madhyam se vyapti ka jnan nahian hota hai use dhoom adi hetu se vyapti ka jnan nahian hone ke karan ag adi ka anuman nahian hona chahie. jab ki anubhav yahi hai ki shabd se vyapti ke jnan ke bina bhi pratyaksh adi praman se vyapti ka jnan hone par bhi anuman hota hi hai. phalat: shabd se hi vyapti ka jnan hoga yah siddhant bhi sthir nahian ho pata hai.
- upaman adi pramanoan se bhi hetu mean rahane vali vyapti ka jnan nahian ho sakata hai. upaman praman se sanjna evan sanjni arthat nam evan nami ke bich vidyaman sambandh ka hi bodh mana jata hai. yah sambandh vachyatv, vachakatv, vachyavachakabhav, athava shakti evan lakshana svaroop, shabd ke sambandh ke roop mean vibhinn sampradayoan mean prasiddh haian. ye sambandh to vyapti ke roop mean svikrit nahian ho sakate. is tarah upaman adi pramanoan ki bhoomika bhi vyapti ke avabodh mean sahaj roop mean nirast ho jati hai.
- upadhi se vidhur sambandh roop vyapti ka bhi grah asambhav donoan prakar ki upadhi se vidhur ya rahit sambandh ko vyapti kaha gaya hai. yah sambandh-svaroop vyapti kabhi bhi donoan prakar ke upadhiyoan se virahit nahian ho sakati hai. sansar mean jitani upadhiyaan haian, sab do prakar ki hi sambhav haian ya to upadhi pratyaksh hogi ya vah apratyaksh hogi. pratyaksh upadhiyoan ka virah yogyanupalabdhi se hetu mean susiddh hone par bhi apratyaksh upadhiyoan ka pratyaksh to sambandh mean sambhav hi nahian hai. yadi kahean ki apratyaksh upadhiyoan ka anuman praman se hetu mean abhav siddh kiya ja sakata hai to pun: is apratyaksh upadhi ke anuman mean bhi jo hetu hoga usamean ubhayavidh-upadhi-vidhur sambandh ki apeksha hogi tatha yahaan bhi apratyaksh upadhi ko siddh karane ke lie pun: anuman ka ashray lena aparihary ho jaega. phalat: anavastha dosh vajralep ho jata hai. is tarah donoan prakar ki upadhiyoan se vidhur sambandh roop vyapti ki kalpana bhi anuchit siddh hoti hai.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ chakshuradyuktavishayan paratantran bahirman:. tattvavivek- 20
- ↑ shaktigrah vyakaranopamanakoshaptavakyadvayavaharatashch. vakyasy sheshadvivritervadanti sannidhyat: siddhapadasy vriddha:॥ - shabdashaktiprakashika
- ↑ 'dhoomadhoomaghvajayoravinabhavoastiti vachanamatre manvadivadvishvasabhavachch.' madhvachary dvara likhit sarvadarshan ki is pankti ki hindi vyakhya karate hue umashankar sharma 'rrishi' likhate haian-'yadi kahean ki dhoom aur agni (dhoomaghvaj) mean avinabhav sambandh pahale se hi hai to is bat par vaise hi vishvas nahian hoga jaise manu adi rrishiyoan ki batoan par vishvas nahian hota hai.' meri drishti mean mool sarvadarshan sangrah ka yah hindi bhashy thik nahian hai. -sarvadarshan sangrah, pri0 13
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
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