भगवतीचरण वर्मा
bhagavaticharan varma (janm- 30 agast, 1903 ee., unnav zila, uttar pradesh; mrityu- 5 aktoobar, 1981 ee.) hindi jagat ke pramukh sahityakar hai. inhoanne lekhan tatha patrakarita ke kshetr mean hi pramukh roop se kary kiya.
jivan parichay
hindi ke prasiddh sahityakar bhagavaticharan varma ka janm 30 agast, 1903 ee. mean unnav zile, uttar pradesh ke shaphipur gaanv mean hua tha. inhoanne prayag vishvavidyalay se bi.e., el.el.bi. ki pariksha uttirn ki. bhagavaticharan varma ji ne lekhan tatha patrakarita ke kshetr mean hi pramukh roop se kary kiya. isake bich-bich mean inake film tatha akashavani se bhi sambaddh rahe. bad mean yah svatantr lekhan ki vritti apanakar lakhanoo mean bas gaye.
bhagavaticharan varma ji ne ek bar apane sambandh mean kaha tha-
maian mukhy roop se upanyasakar hooan, kavi nahian-aj mera upanyasakar hi sajag rah gaya hai, kavita se lagav chhoot gaya hai.
koee unase sahamat ho ya n ho, yah mane ya n mane, ki ve mukhyat: upanyasakar haian aur kavita se unaka lagav chhoot gaya hai. unake adhikaansh bhavak yah svikar kareange ki sachamuch hi kavita se varmaji ka sambandh vichchhinn ho gaya hai, ya ho sakata hai. unaki atma ka sahaj svar kavita ka hai, unaka vyaktitv shayarana alh dapan, rangini aur masti ka sudhara-sanvara hua roop hai. ve kisi 'vad' vishesh ki paridhi mean bahut dinoan tak giraftar nahian rahe. yoan ek-ek karake pray: pratyek 'vad' ko unhoanne tatola hai, dekha hai, samajhane-apanane ki cheshta ki hai, par unaki sahaj svatantryapriyata, roomani baicheni, alh dapan aur masti, har bar unhean 'vadoan' ki divarean to dakar bahar nikal ane ke lie prerana deti rahi aur prerana ke sath-sath use karyanvit karane ki kshamata aur shakti bhi. yahi alh dapan aur roomani masti inake krititv mean kisi bhi vidha ke aantargat kyoan n ho jahaan ek or pran phooank deti hai, vahian doosari or usake shilp paksh ki or se unhean kuchh-kuchh laparavah bhi bana deti hai. ve chhandovaddh kavita ke hami haian, usi ko kavita manate haian, par yah unaki sahaj svatantryapriyata ke prati niyati ka halka, mitha sa parihas hi hai.
visheshata
bhagavaticharan varma upadeshak nahian haian, n vicharak ke asan par baithane ki akaanksha hi kabhi unake man mean uthi. ve jivan bhar sahajata ke prati asthavan rahe, jo chhayavadottar hindi sahity ki ek pramukh visheshata rahi. ek ke bad ek 'vad' ko thok-bajakar dekhane ke bad jyoan hi unhean vishvas hua ki usake sath unaka sahaj sambandh nahian ho sakata, use chho dakar gate-jhoomate, hansate-hansate age badhe. apane prati, apane 'ahan' ke prati unaka sahaj anurag akshunn bana raha. anek tedhe-medhe rastoan se ghumata hua unaka 'ahan' unhean apane sahajadharm aur sahajadharm ki khoj mean jane kahaan-kahaan le gaya. unaka sahityik jivan kavita se bhi aur chhayavadi kavita se arambh hua, par n to ve chhayavadi kavyanubhooti ke ashariri adharoan ke prati akarshit hue, n usaki atishay mridulata ko hi kabhi apana sake. isi prakar any 'vadoan' mean bhi kabhi poori tarah aur chirakal ke lie apane ko baandh nahian paye. apane 'ahan' ke prati itane eemanadar sadaiv rahe ki zabaran bandhane ki koshish nahian ki. kisi doosare ki manyataoan ko bina svayan un par vishvas kiye apani manyataean nahian samajha. kahian se vichar ya darshan unhoanne udhar nahian liya. jo the, usase bhinn dekhane ki cheshta kabhi nahian ki.
kritiyaan
kavi ke roop mean bhagavaticharan varma ke rediyo roopak 'mahakal', 'karn' aur 'dropadi'- jo 1956 ee. mean 'tripathaga' ke nam se ek sankalan ke akar mean prakashit hue haian, unaki vishisht kritiyaan haian. yadyapi unaki prasiddh kavita 'bhaiansaga di' ka adhunik hindi kavita ke itihas mean apana mahattv hai. manavavadi drishtikon ke tatv, jinake adhar par pragativadi kavyadhara jani-pahachani jane lagi, 'bhaiansaga di' mean bhali-bhaanti ubhar kar samane aye the.
kavita sangrah
unaka pahala kavita sangrah 'madhukan' ke nam se 1932 ee. mean prakashit hua. tadanantar do aur kavy sangrah 'prem sangit' aur 'manav' nikale. inhean kisi 'vad' vishesh ke aantargat manana galat hai. roomani masti, niyativad, pragativad, antat: manavavad inaki vishishtata hai.
sangit
varmaji ka sangit vina ya sitar ka nahian, harmoniyam ka sangit hai, usase gamak ki maang karana zyadati hai.
upanyasakar
bhagavaticharan varma mukhyataya upanyasakar hoan ya kavi, nam unaka upanyasakar ke roop mean hi adhik hua hai, visheshataya 'chitralekha' ke karan. 'tin varsh' nayi sabhyata ki chakachauandh se pathabhrasht yuvak ki manasik vyatha ki kahani hai. tin varsh aur tedhe-medhe raste rajanitik aur samajik prishthabhoomi mean pray: yantravath parichalit patroan ke madhyam se lekhak yah dikhane ki cheshta karata hai ki samaj ki drishti mean ooanchi aur udatt jan p danevali bhavanaoan ke pichhe jo preranaean haian, ve aur kuchh nahian keval atyant samany svarthaparata aur lobh ki adham manovrittiyoan ki hi den haian. akhiri daanv ek juari ke asaphal prem ki katha hai aur apane khilaune (1957 ee.) nayi dilli ki 'm aaurdan sosayati' par vyangyasharavarshan hai. inaka brihattam aur sarvadhik saphal upanyas bhoole bisare chitr (1959) hai, jisamean anubhooti aur sanvedana ki kalatmak satyata ke sath unhoanne tin pidhiyoan ka, bharat ke svatantry andolan ke tin yugoan ki prishthabhoomi mean marmik chitran kiya hai.
bhagavati charan varma ki any kritiyoan mean ullekhaniy hai :
- 'ianstalament'
- 'do baanke'
- 'rakh aur chinagari' (kahani-sangrah, 1953 ee.)
- 'rupaya tumhean kha gaya' (natak, 1955 ee.)
- 'vasavadatta' (sinariyoan) adi.
mrityu
bhagavaticharan varma ka nidhan 5 aktoobar, 1981 ee. ko hua tha.
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