स्वतंत्रता दिवस
svatantrata divas
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| vivaran | isi mahanh din ki yad mean bharat ke pradhanamantri pratyek varsh lal qile ki prachir par rashtriy dhvaj tiranga phaharakar desh ko sambodhit karate haian. |
| uddeshy | aisa din hai jab ham apane mahanh rashhtriy netaoan aur shvatantrata senaniyoan ko apani shraddhaanjali dete haian jinhhoanne videshi niyantran se bharat ko azad karane ke lie anek balidan die aur apane jivan nhyauchhavar kar die. |
| pahali bar | bharat ke pratham pradhanamantri pandit javahar lal neharoo ne pahali bar 15 agast 1947 ko lal qile par tiranga jhanda phaharaya. usi din se har varsh 15 agast ko svatantrata divas manaya jata hai. |
| vishesh ayojan | rajhy shtar par vishesh shvatantrata divas karyakram ayojit kie jate haian, jisamean jhanhda phaharane ke ayojan, march pasht aur saanshkritik ayojan shamil haian. in ayojanoan ko rajhyoan ki rajadhaniyoan mean ayojit kiya jata hai aur mukhhyamantri in karyakramoan ki adhhyakshata karate haian. chhote paimanoan par shaikshik sanshthanoan, avas sanghoan, saanshkritik kenhdroan aur rajanitik sangathanoan dvara karyakram ayojit kie jate haian. |
| sanbandhit lekh | lard ripan, eest indiya kampani, bharatiy kraanti divas, gadar parti, bharat ka vibhajan |
| any janakari | rashhtrapati dvara shvatantrata divas ki poorv sandhhya par rashhtr ke nam sandesh prasarit kiya jata hai. isake bad agale din pradhanamantri pratah 7 baje lal qile par jhanda laharate haian aur apane deshavasiyoan ko apane desh ki niti par bhashan dete haian. |
| adyatan | 13:23, 16 agast 2017 (IST)
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shvatantrata divas (aangrezi: Independence Day) aisa din hai jab ham apane mahanh rashhtriy netaoan aur shvatantrata senaniyoan ko apani shraddhaanjali dete haian jinhhoanne videshi niyantran se bharat ko azad karane ke lie anek balidan die aur apane jivan nhyauchhavar kar die. 15 agast 1947 ko bharat ke nivasiyoan ne lakhoan kurbaniyaan dekar british shasan se svatantrata prapt ki thi. yah rashtriy parv bharat ke gaurav ka pratik hai. pratyek varsh 15 agast ko sarakari bildiangoan par tiranga jhanda phaharaya jata hai tatha raushani ki jati hai. pradhanamantri pratah 7 baje lal qile par jhanda laharate haian aur apane deshavasiyoan ko apane desh ki niti par bhashan dete haian. hazaroan log unaka bhashan sunane ke lie lal qile par jate haian. skooloan mean bhi svatantrata divas manaya jata hai aur bachchoan mean mithaeeyaan bhi baanti jati haian. 14 agast ko ratri 8 baje rashtrapati apane desh vasiyoan ko sandesh dete haian, jisaka rediyo tatha telivizan par prasaran kiya jata hai.
san 1857 ke pratham svatantrata sangram ke mahayajn ka prarambh maharshi dayanand sarasvati ne prarambh kiya aur apane pranoan ko bharat mata par mangal paande ne nyauchhavar kiya aur dekhate hi dekhate yah chiangari ek mahasangram mean badal gayi jisamean jhaansi ki rani lakshmibaee, tatya tope, nana saheb, 'sarafaroshi ki tamanna' lie ramaprasad bismil, ashafak, chandrashekhar azad, bhagat sianh, rajaguru, sukhadev adi desh ke lie shahid ho ge. tilak ne svarajy hamara janmasiddh adhikar hai ka sianhanad kiya aur subhash chandr bos ne kaha - tum mujhe khoon do, maian tumhean azadi dooanga.
[[chitr:Tricolor.jpg|thumb|left|tiranga]]
'ahiansa' aur 'asahayog' lekar mahatma gaandhi aur gulami ki janziroan ko to dane ke lie 'lauh purush' saradar patel jaise mahapurushoan ne kamar kas li. 90 varshoan ke lambe sangharsh ke bad 15 agast 1947 ko 'bharat ko svatantrata' ka varadan mila. bharat ki azadi ka sangram bal se nahian varanh sathy aur ahiansa ke siddhaant ke adhar par vijit kiya gaya. itihas mean shvatantrata ke sangharsh ka ek anokha aur anootha abhiyan tha jise vishv bhar mean prashansa mili.
itihas
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
mee 1857 mean dilli ke kuchh samachar patroan mean yah bhavishyavani chhapi ki plasi ke yuddh ke pashchath 23 joon 1757 ee. ko bharat mean jo aangrezi rajy sthapit hua tha vah 23 joon 1857 ee. tak samapt ho jaega. yah bhavishyavani sare desh mean phail gee aur logoan mean svatantrata prapt karane ke lie josh ki lahar dau d gee. isake atirikt 1856 ee. mean lard kainiang ne samany bharti qanoon pas kiya. jisake anusar bharatiy sainikoan ko yah likhakar dena hota tha ki sarakar jahaan kahian bhi unhean yuddh karane ke lie bhejegi vah vahian par chale jaeange. isase bharatiy sainikoan mean asadharan asantosh phail gaya. kampani ki sena mean us samay tin lakh sainik the, jinamean se keval paanch hazar hi yooropiyan the. baki sab arthath yooropiyan sainikoan se 6 gunah bharatiy sainik the.[1]
sipahi kraanti
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
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jab desh mean charoan or asantosh ka vatavaran tha, to aangrezi sarakar ne sainikoan ko purani bandookoan ke sthan par nee raiphalean dene ka nishchay kiya. in raiphaloan ke karatoos mean sooar tatha gay ki charbi prayukt ki jati thi aur sainikoan ko raiphaloan mean goli bharane ke lie in karatoosoan ke sire ko apane daantoan se katana p data tha. isase hindoo aur musalaman sainik bh dak uthe. unhoanne aisa mahasoos kiya ki aangrez sarakar unake dharm ko nasht karana chahati hai. isalie jab merath ke sainikoan mean ye karatoos baante ge to 85 sainikoan ne unaka prayog karane se inkar kar diya. is par unhean kathor dand dekar bandigrih mean dal diya gaya. sarakar ke is vyavahar par bharatiy sainikoan ne 10 mee, 1857 ke din "har–har mahadev, maro phirangi ko" ka nara lagate hue vidroh kar diya.
lard ripan
[[chitr:Lord-Ripon.jpg|thumb|lard ripan]]
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
lard ripan ne bharat mean har das varsh mean janaganana karane ka niyam banaya aur sanh 1881 mean pahali bar ganana karaee, joki ab tak har das sal ke bad ki jati hai. 1882 ee. mean lard ripan ne kee sudhar kie. usane myoonisipal bord tatha shiksha mean sudhar kiya. vittiy shaktiyoan ka vikendrikaran kiya. kendriy soochi mean afim, rel, dakaghar, namak taiksatail adi sadhan rakhe ge. prantiy soochi mean shiksha, pulis, jel, pres, tatha sarvajanik kary rakhe ge. tisari soochi mean bhoomikar, jangal staimp kar adi rakhe ge, in muddoan ke dvara prapt ay ko kendriy sarakar tatha prantiy sarakaroan mean baanta gaya. lard ripan ne sare desh mean sthaniy bordoan ka jal bichha diya aur gair sarakari sadasyoan ki sankhya badha di.
[[chitr:Gopal-Krishna-Gokhle.jpg|thumb|left|gopal krishna gokhale]]
lard karzan
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
1905 se 1919 ke bich mean rashtriy aandolan ugravadiyoan ke hath mean raha. ugravadiyoan ke pramukh neta bal, lal, pal (bal gangadhar tilak, lala lajapat ray aur vipin chandr pal) the. lala lajapat ray ne udaravadiyoan ki niti par asantusht hokar kaha tha ki hamean bis lagatar aandolan karane ke bad bhi roti ke badale patthar mile. ham aangrezoan ke age ab aur adhik samay tak bhikh nahian maangeange aur n hi unake samane gi dagi dayeange. dakshin aphrika mean to bharatiyoan ki halat bahut shochaniy thi. rangabhed ki drishti ke karan unhean ghrina ki drishti se dekha jata tha. unhean aspataloan tatha hotaloan mean pravesh karane ki anumati nahian thi. bachche uchch sansthaoan mean shiksha prapt nahian kar sakate the. rajistreshan ekt (1907) ke tahat bharatiyoan ko aparadhiyoan ke tarah daftaroan mean apane nam likhavane p date the aur apani aanguliyoan ki chhap deni p dati thi. lard karzan ki daman niti (1898 se 1905) ne bharatiyoan par anek atyachar kie the. usane apane bhashan mean bharatiyoan ko bahut hi apamanajanak shabd kahe the aur karyakushalata ke nam par kalakatta karporeshan aphisayal sikret ekt, iandiyan yoonivarsati ekt, kee aise qadam uthae jinaka uddeshy bharatiy ekata ko durbal karana tatha bharatiy bhavanaoan ka gala ghoantana tha. 1907 ee. mean bangal bhang sambandhi ghoshana hote hi garam dal sakriy ho gaya. unhoanne disambar 1907 mean bangal ke gavarnar ki ga di par bam phaiankane ka prayatn kiya. phir dhaka ke majistret par goli chalaee. parantu vah bach nikala. mujaffapur bam phatane se kainedi tatha usaki putri ki mrityu ho gee. panjab aur maharashtr mean bhi is tarah ki ghatanaean hone lagian.[1]
gadar parti ki sthapana
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
[[chitr:Lokmanya-Bal-Gangadhar-Tilak.jpg|thumb|250px|bal gangadhar tilak]] sanh 1913 mean amerika mean basane vale bharatiyoan ne gadar parti ki sthapana ki. is parti ke pramukh neta sohanasianh bhakana, lala haradayal, baba basakha sianh, pan. kashiram aur udhamasianh the. is parti ke hazaroan bharatavasi amerika se bharat ae. unhoanne lahaur, firojapur, ambala, merath, agara adi sainik chhavaniyoan mean sainikoan ko vidroh karane ki prerana di aur 25 pharavari 1915 ko gadar ka din rakha. lekin kupal sianh ke vishvasaghat ne is yojana ko asaphal kar diya. gadar parti ki tarah iando jarman mishan ne bhi tarki aur kabul ka sahayog prapt karake bharat ko svatantr karane ki yojana banaee aur asthayi bharat sarakar ki sthapana ki, jisake rashtrapati raja mahendr pratap aur pradhan mantri barakat allah the. lekin paristhiti anukool n hone ke karan ye deshabhakt bhi saphal nahian ho sake. saubhagy se dakshin aphrika mean bharatavasiyoan ko mahatma gaandhi ke roop mean ek aisa neta mila jisane sab bharatavasiyoan ko sangathit kiya. unhoanne satyagrah aandolan chalaya aur bharatiyoan par lagae ge qanoon rok die.
gaandhi ji ke aandolan
[[chitr:Mahatma-Gandhi-4.jpg|thumb|250px|mahatma gaandhi]] bambee prant mean jitendranath ne 61 din bhookh h datal karake apane pran tyag die. gaandhi ne namak qanoon to dane ke lie daandi march kiya. qanoon to dane par aangrezoan ne gaandhi ji ko giraftar kar liya. lekin desh mean aandolan zor pak d gaya, isalie gaandhi ji ko riha kar diya gaya. aangrezoan ne tin bar landan mean gol mej kaanfrens bulaee, lekin gaandhiji har bar nirash hi vapas laute. 3 sitambar 1939 ko dvitiy vishv yuddh chhi d gaya. 8 agast 1942 ko kaangres adhiveshan bambee mean hua. usamean "bharat chho do" prastav pas hua. pandit motilal neharoo tatha pandit javahar lal neharoo ne bhi svatantrata ke lie bahut kam kiya. aangrez sarakar ne daman niti ka sahara liya. is bich netaji subhash chandr bos ne bharat se bahar rahakar bharat ko svatantr karane ka prayatn kiya. unaka vichar tha ki dvitiy vishvayuddh ka labh uthana chahie. unhoanne azad hind fauj ki sthapana ki. aur "dilli chalo" ka nara diya. lekin netaji kisi durghatana mean mare ge, isalie yah aandolan bhi asaphal ho gaya. tatpashchath 18 pharavari 1946 ko bambee mean sainik vidroh uth kh de hue. sainikoan ne apani bairakoan se nikalakar aangrez sainikoan par dhava bol diya aur paanch din tak aangrezi sainikoan ko maut ke ghat utarate rahe. ant mean aangrezoan ko yah bat spasht ho gee ki ab ve bharat ko adhik samay tak apana gulam banakar nahian rakh sakate.
shvatantrata ki rah
20vian shatabhdi mean bharatiy rashhtriy kaangres aur anhy rajanitik sangathanoan ne mahatma gaandhi ke netrithv mean ek deshavhyapi aandolan chalaya. mahathma gaandhi ne hiansapoorn sangharsh ke viparit 'savinay avajna ahiansa aandolan' ko sashakht samarthan diya. unake dvara virodh pradarshan ke lie march, prarthana sabhaean, videshi vashtuoan ka bahishhkar aur bharatiy vashtuoan ko prothsahan dena adi achook hathiyar the. in rastoan ko bharatiy janata ne samarthan diya aur shthaniy abhiyan 'rashhtriy aandolan' mean badal ge. inamean se kuchh mukhhy ayojan - 'asahayog aandolan', 'daandi march', 'nagarik avajna abhiyan' aur 'bharat chho do aandolan' the. shighr hi yah shpashht ho gaya ki bharat ab upaniveshavadi shaktiyoan ke niyantran mean nahian rahega aur british shasakoan ne bharatiy netaoan ki maang ko man liya. yah nirnay liya gaya ki yah adhikar bharat ko sauanp diya jae aur 15 agasht 1947 ko bharat ko yah adhikar sauanp diya gaya.
bharatavarsh ka vibhajan
15 agast 1947 ko bharatavarsh hindustan tatha pakistan do hissoan mean bantakar svatantr ho gaya. pandit javahar lal neharoo ne 15 agast 1947 ko lal qile par tiranga jhanda phaharaya. usi din se har varsh 15 agast ko svatantrata divas manaya jata hai. sarakari bildiangoan par tiranga jhanda phaharaya jata hai tatha raushani ki jati hai. pradhanamantri pratah 7 baje lal qile par jhanda laharate haian aur apane deshavasiyoan ko apane desh ki niti par bhashan dete haian. hazaroan log unaka bhashan sunane ke lie lal qile par jate haian. skooloan mean bhi svatantrata divas manaya jata hai aur bachchoan mean mithaeeyaan bhi baanti jati haian. 14 agast ko ratri 8 baje rashtrapati apane desh vasiyoan ko sandesh dete haian, jisaka rediyo tatha telivizan par prasaran kiya jata hai.[1]
svatantr bharat ki ghoshana
[[chitr:First-Independence-Day-2.jpg|thumb|250px|15 agast 1947 svatantrata divas par javaharalal neharoo, l aaurd maunt baitan aur edavina]] 14 agasht 1947 ko rat ko 11.00 baje sanghatak sabha dvara bharat ki shvatantrata ko manane ki ek baithak aranbh huee, jisamean adhikar pradan kie ja rahe the. jaise hi gh di mean rat ke 12.00 baje bharat ko azadi mil gee aur bharat ek shvatantr desh ban gaya. tathkalin shvatantr bharat ke pratham pradhanamantri pandit javaharalal neharoo ne apana prasiddh bhashan 'niyati ke sath bheant' diya.
'“jaise hi madhhy ratri huee, aur jab duniya so rahi thi, bharat jag raha hoga aur apani azadi ki or badhega. ek aisa pal ata hai jo itihas mean durlabh hai, jab ham purane yug se ne yug ki or jate haian. . . khya ham is avasar ka labh uthane ke lie paryapht bahadur aur buddhiman haian aur ham bhavishhy ki chunauti ko shvikar karane ke lie taiyar haian?”' - pandit javaharalal neharoo
isake bad tiranga jhanhda phaharaya gaya aur lal qile ki prachir se rashtriy gan gaya gaya.
ayojan
shvatantrata divas samip ate hi charoan or khushiyaan phail jati hai. sabhi pramukh shasakiy bhavanoan ko roshani se sajaya jata hai. tiranga jhanhda gharoan tatha anhy bhavanoan par phaharaya jata hai. shvatantrata divas, 15 agasht ek rashhtriy avakash hai, is din ka avakash prathyek nagarik ko bahadur shvatantrata senaniyoan dvara kie ge balidan ko yad karake manana chahie. shvatantrata divas ke ek saphtah pahale se hi vishesh pratiyogitaoan aur karyakramoan ke ayojan dvara desh bhakti ki bhavana ko prothsahan diya jata hai. rediyo shteshanoan aur telivizan chainaloan par is vishay se sanbandhit karyakram prasarit kie jate haian. shahidoan ki kahaniyoan ke bare mean philhmean dikhaee jati hai aur rashhtriy bhavana se sanbandhit kahaniyaan aur riport prakashit ki jati haian.
svatantrata ki poorv sandhya
rashhtrapati dvara shvatantrata divas ki poorv sandhhya par rashhtr ke nam sandesh prasarit kiya jata hai. isake bad agale din lal qile se tiranga jhanhda phaharaya jata hai. rajhy shtar par vishesh shvatantrata divas karyakram ayojit kie jate haian, jisamean jhanhda phaharane ke ayojan, march pasht aur saanshkritik ayojan shamil haian. in ayojanoan ko rajhyoan ki rajadhaniyoan mean ayojit kiya jata hai aur mukhhyamantri in karyakramoan ki adhhyakshata karate haian. chhote paimanoan par shaikshik sanshthanoan, avas sanghoan, saanshkritik kenhdroan aur rajanitik sangathanoan dvara karyakram ayojit kie jate haian.
shvatantrata divas ka pratik patang
[[chitr:Red-Fort-Delhi.jpg|thumb|300px|left|svatantrata divas ke din lal qile par tiranga jhanhda laharaya jata hai]] shvatantrata divas ka ek aur pratik patang u dane ka khel hai. akash mean dher sari patangean dikhaee deti haian jo log apani apani chhatoan se u da kar bharat ki shvatantrata ka samaroh manate haian. alag alag prakar, akar aur rangoan ki patangoan tatha tirange bazar mean upalabhdh haian. is din patang u dakar apane sangharsh ke kaushaloan ka pradarshan kiya jata hai.
prabhatapheri
skooloan aur sansthaoan dvara prat: hi prabhatapheri nikali jati haian jinamean bachche, yuvak aur boodhe deshabhakti ke gane gate haian aur un viroan ki yad mean nukkh d natak aur prashasti gan karate haian.
deshabhakti ka pradarshan
bharat ek samriddh saanshkritik virasat vala desh hai aur yah duniya ka sabase b da lokatantr hai. yahaan ke nagarik desh ko aur adhik ooanchaiyoan tak le jane ki vachanabaddhata rakhate haian jahaan tak isake sanshthapakoan ne ise pahuanchane ki kalhpana ki. jaise hi asaman mean tiranga laharata hai, prathyek nagarik desh ki shan ko badhane ke lie kathin parishram karane ka vachan deta hai aur bharat ko ek aisa rashhtr banane ka lakshhy poora karane ka pran leta hai jo manaviy moolhyoan ke lie sadaiv atal hai.
lal qile par tiranga phaharane vale pradhanamantri
lal qile par tiranga phaharane vale pradhanamantri
jashn-e-ajadi ke silasile mean lal kile ki prachir se sabase jyada 17 bar tiranga laharane ka avasar pratham pradhanamantri pandit javaharalal neharoo ko mila, vahian unaki putri iandira gaandhi ne bhi rashtriy rajadhani sthit satrahavian shatabdi ki is dharohar par 16 bar rashtradhvaj phaharaya. neharoo ne ajadi ke bad sabase pahale 15 agast, 1947 ko lal kile par jhanda phaharaya aur apana bahucharchit sanbodhan diya. neharoo ji 27 mee, 1964 tak pradhanamantri pad par rahe. is avadhi ke dauran unhoanne lagatar 17 svatantrata divas par dhvajarohan kiya. ajad bharat ke itihas mean gulajari lal nanda aur chandrashekhar aise neta rahe jo pradhanamantri to bane, lekin unhean svatantrata divas par tiranga phaharane ka ek bhi bar mauka nahian mil saka. neharoo ke nidhan ke bad 27 mee, 1964 ko nanda pradhanamantri bane, lekin us varsh 15 agast ane se pahale hi 9 joon, 1964 ko vah pad se hat ge aur unaki jagah lal bahadur shastri pradhanamantri bane. nanda 11 se 24 janavari, 1966 ke bich bhi pradhanamantri pad par rahe. isi tarah chandrashekhar 10 navanbar, 1990 ko pradhanamantri, bane lekin 1991 ke svatantrata divas se pahale hi us varsh 21 joon ko pad se hat ge. lal bahadur shastri ke nidhan ke bad nanda kuchh din pradhanamantri pad par rahe, lekin bad mean 24 janavari, 1966 ko neharoo ki putri iandira gaandhi ne satta ki bagador sanbhali. neharoo ke bad sabase adhik bar jis pradhanamantri ne lal kile par tiranga phaharaya, vah iandira hi rahian. iandira 1966 se lekar 24 march, 1977 tak aur phir 14 janavari, 1980 se lekar 31 aktoobar, 1984 tak pradhanamantri pad par rahian. bataur pradhanamantri apane pahale karyakal mean unhoanne 11 bar aur doosare karyakal mean paanch bar lal kile par jhanda phaharaya. svatantrata divas par sabase kam bar rashtradhvaj phaharane ka mauka chaudhari charan sianh-28 julaee, 1979 se 14 janavari, 1980; vishvanath pratap sianh-2 disanbar, 1989 se 10 navanbar, 1990; ech. di. devagau da-1 joon, 1996 se 21 aprail, 1997 aur iandr kumar gujaral-21 aprail, 1997 se lekar 28 navanbar, 1997 ko mila. in sabhi poorv pradhanamantriyoan ne ek-ek bar 15 agast ko lal kile se rashtradhvaj phaharaya.
9 joon, 1964 se lekar 11 janavari, 1966 tak pradhanamantri rahe lal bahadur shastri aur 24 march, 1977 se lekar 28 julaee, 1979 tak pradhanamantri rahe moraraji desaee ko do- do bar yah samman hasil hua. svatantrata divas par paanch ya usase adhik bar tiranga phaharane ka mauka neharoo aur iandira gaandhi ke alava rajiv gaandhi, pi. vi. narasianh rav, atal bihari vajapeyi aur pradhanamantri manamohan sianh ko mila hai. rajiv 31 aktoobar, 1984 se lekar ek disanbar, 1989 tak aur narasianh rav 21 joon, 1991 se 10 mee, 1996 tak pradhanamantri rahe. donoan ko paanch-paanch bar dhvaj phaharane ka mauka mila. rashtriy janataantrik gathabandhan ki sarakar ka netritv kar chuke atal bihari vajapeyi jab 19 march, 1998 se lekar 22 mee, 2004 ke bich pradhanamantri rahe to unhoanne kul chhah bar lal kile ki prachir se tiranga phaharaya. isase pahale vah ek joon 1996, ko bhi pradhanamantri bane, lekin 21 aprail, 1997 ko hi unhean pad se hatana p da tha. varsh 2004 ke am chunav mean rajag ki har ke bad sanprag satta mean aya aur manamohan sianh ne 22 mee, 2004 ko pradhanamantri pad ki shapath li. unhean chh: bar tiranga phaharane ka saubhagy mila.[2]
vithika
- chitr:First-Independence-Day-6.jpg
pratham svatantrata divas par ayojan
- chitr:Parade-On-Motor-Cycle.JPG
15 agast ke din motar saikil par pared
- chitr:Children-Performing.jpg
svatantrata divas par natak pesh karate bachche
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adhi rat ko svatantrata
tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 gupta, ved prakash “bharatiy svatantrata sangram ka sankshipt itihas”, bharatiy utsav aur parv, 112.
- ↑ tiranga:kisane laharaya, kitani bar (hiandi) webdunia.com. abhigaman tithi: 06 agast, 2016.
bahari k diyaan
- bharat ki adhikarik vebasait
- shvatantrata divas ayojan
- akhabar ki bat
- vebaduniya
- bharat-darshan
- www.ians.in
- fulldhamaal.com
sanbandhit lekh
