पंडित श्रद्धाराम शर्मा

pandit shraddharam sharma
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poora nam	pandit shraddharam sharma
any nam	pandit shraddharam phillauri
janm	30 sitambar, 1837 ee.
janm bhoomi	phullaur gram, jalandhar, panjab
mrityu	24 joon, 1881 ee.
mrityu sthan	lahaur, pakistan
abhibhavak	pita- jayadayalu
pati/patni	mahatab kaur
karm bhoomi	bharat
karm-kshetr	jyotish tatha sahityakar
mukhy rachanaean	'om jay jagadish' ki arati, 'saty dharm muktavali', 'shatopadesh', 'sikhan de raj di vithiya', 'panjabi batachit', 'bhagyavati', 'satyamrit pravah' adi.
bhasha	sanskrit, hindi, farasi
nagarikata	bharatiy
sanbandhit lekh	om jay jagadish hare
any janakari	shraddharam sharma ji ki adhikaansh rachanaean gady mean haian. ve 18vian shatabdi ke uttarardh mean hindi aur panjabi ke pratinidhi gadyakar the. unake hindi gady mean kh di boli ka pradhany hai. yatratatr urdoo aur panjabi ka puth bhi hai.
inhean bhi dekhean	kavi soochi, sahityakar soochi

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pandit shraddharam sharma athava 'shraddharam phillauri' (aangrezi: Shardha Ram Sharma; janm- 30 sitambar, 1837 ee., jalandhar, panjab; mrityu- 24 joon, 1881 ee., lahaur, pakistan) ek prasiddh jyotishi the, kintu ek jyotishi ke roop mean unhean vah prasiddhi nahian mili, jo inake dvara likhi gee amar arati "om jay jagadish hare" ke karan mili. sampoorn bharat mean pandit shraddharam sharma dvara likhit 'om jay jagadish hare' ki arati gaee jati hai. shraddharam sharma ji ne is arati ki rachana 1870 ee. mean ki thi. pandit ji sanatan dharm pracharak, jyotishi, svatantrata sangram senani aur sangitajn hone ke sath-sath hindi aur panjabi ke prasiddh sahityakar bhi the. apani vilakshan pratibha aur ojasvi vakpatuta ke bal par unhoanne panjab mean navin samajik chetana evan dharmik utsah jagaya tha, jisase age chalakar ary samaj ke liye pahale se nirmit ek urvar bhoomi mili.

janm

qarib dedh sau varsh mean mantr aur shastr ki tarah lokapriy ho gee "om jay jagadish hare" arati jaise bhavapoorn git ki rachana karane vale pandit shraddharam sharma ka janm brahman kul mean 30 sitambar, 1837 mean panjab ke jalandhar zile mean ludhiyana ke pas ek gaanv 'fillauri' (phullaur) mean hua tha. unake pita jayadayalu svayan ek achchhe jyotishi aur dharmik pravritti ke the. aise mean balak shraddharam ko bachapan se hi dharmik sanskar virasat mean mile the. pita ne apane bete ka bhavishy padh liya tha aur bhavishyavani ki thi ki "ye balak apani laghu jivani mean chamatkari prabhav vale kary karega."

shiksha tatha vivah

bachapan se hi shraddharam sharma ji ki jyotish aur sahity ke vishay mean gahari ruchi thi. unhoanne vaise to kisi prakar ki shiksha hasil nahian ki thi, parantu unhoanne san 1844 mean arthath matr sat varsh ki umr mean hi gurumukhi lipi sikh li thi. das sal ki umr mean sanskrit, hindi, farasi, parshiyan (parasi) tatha jyotish adi ki padhaee shuroo ki aur kuchh hi varshoan mean ve in sabhi vishayoan ke nishnat ho ge. unaka vivah ek sikkh mahila mahatab kaur ke sath hua tha.

shreshth sahityakar

pandit shraddharam sharma sanatan dharm pracharak, jyotishi, svatantrata sangram senani, sangitajn tatha hindi ke hi nahian, balki panjabi ke bhi shreshth sahityakaroan mean se ek the. inaki ginati unnisavian shatabdi ke shreshth sahityakaroan mean hoti thi. apani vilakshan pratibha aur ojasvi vaktrita ke bal par unhoanne panjab mean navin samajik chetana evan dharmik utsah jagaya, jisase age chalakar ary samaj ke liye pahale se nirmit urvar bhoomi mili. unaka likha upanyas 'bhagyavati' hindi ke aranbhik upanyasoan mean gina jata hai. pan. shraddharam sharma gurumukhi aur panjabi ke achchhe janakar the aur unhoanne apani pahali pustak gurumukhi me hi likhi thi; parantu ve manate the ki hindi ke madhyam se is desh ke zyada se zyada logoan tak apani bat pahuanchaee ja sakati hai. unhoanne apane sahity aur vyakhyanoan se samajik kuritiyoan aur aandhavishvasoan ke khilaf jabardast mahaul banaya tha. unhoanne sanatan dharm ka prachar-prasar kiya aur usi kram mean om jay jagadish hare arati rachi.

pustak lekhan

pandit shraddharam sharma ne san 1866 mean panjabi (gurumukhi) mean 'sikhoan de raj di vithiya' aur 'panjabi batachit' jaisi kitabean likhakar mano kraanti hi kar di. apani pahali hi pustak 'sikhoan de raj di vithiya' se ve panjabi sahity ke pitripurush ke roop mean pratishthit ho ge aur unako "adhunik panjabi bhasha ke janak" ki upadhi mili. bad mean is rachana ka roman mean anuvad bhi hua. is pustak mean sikkh dharm ki sthapana aur isaki nitiyoan ke bare mean bahut sar garbhit roop se bataya gaya tha. pustak mean tin adhyay haian. isake tisare aur aantim adhyay mean panjab ki sankriti, lok paranparaoan, lok sangit, vyavahar adi ke bare mean vistrit janakari di gee thi. isi karan se shayad is pustak ko uchch kaksha ki padhaee ke lie chuna gaya. aangrez sarakar ne tab hone vali aee.si.es. (jisaka bharatiy nam ab 'aee.e.es.' ho gaya hai) pariksha ke kors mean, anivary pathaniy pustak vishay ke roop mean is pustak ko shamil kiya tha. "panjabi batachit" mean malava, majhjh jaise prantoan mean jo istemal ki jatian haian, vah boli, batachit, pahanava, soch, muhavare, kahavatean jaisi batoan ko sameta gaya hai. "panjabi batachit" ko aangrez british raj ke samay panjabi bhasha sikhane ke lie sabase b da sahara samajhate the.

'om jay jagadish hare' ki rachana

pandit shraddharam sharma ka gurumukhi aur hindi sahity mean mahattvapoorn yogadan raha hai. 1870 mean 32 varsh ki umr mean pandit shraddharam sharma ne 'om jay jagadish hare' arati ki rachana ki. unaki vidvata aur bharatiy dharmik vishayoan par unaki vaijnanik drishti ke log kayal ho ge the. jagah-jagah par unako dharmik vishayoan par vyakhyan dene ke lie amantrit kiya jata tha aur tab hajaroan ki sankhya mean log unako sunane ate the. ve logoan ke bich jab bhi jate, apani likhi 'om jay jagadish hare' ki arati gakar sunate. unaki arati sunakar to manoan log besudh se ho jate the. arati ke bol logoan ki juban par aise chadhe ki aj kee pidhiyaan gujar jane ke bad bhi unake shabdoan ka jadoo qayam hai. is arati ka upayog prasiddh nirmata-nirdeshak aur hindi filmoan ke prasiddh abhineta manoj kumar ne apani suparahit film 'poorab aur pashchim' mean kiya tha aur isalie kee log is arati ke sath manoj kumar ka nam jo d dete haian.

bharat ke ghar-ghar aur mandiroan mean 'om jay jagadish hare' ke shabd varshoan se gooanj rahe haian. duniya ke kisi bhi kone mean base kisi bhi sanatani hindoo parivar mean aisa vyakti khojana mushkil hai, jisake hriday-patal par bachapan ke sanskaroan mean 'om jay jagadish hare' ke shabdoan ki chhap n p di ho. is arati ke shabd uttar bharat se lekar dakshin bharat ke har ghar aur mandir me poori shraddha aur bhakti ke sath gae jate haian. bachche se lekar yuvaoan ko aur kuchh yad rahe ya n rahe, isake bol itane sahaj, saral aur bhavapoorn hai ki ek do bar sunane matr se isaki har ek pankti dil aur dimag mean rach-bas jati hai. hajaroan sal poorv hue hamare jnat-ajnat rrishiyoan ne paramatma ki prarthana ke lie jo bhi shlok aur bhakti git rache, 'om jay jagadish' ki arati ki bhakti ras dhara ne un sabhi ko apane aandar samahit-sa kar liya hai. yah ek arati sanskrit ke hajaroan shlokoan, stotroan aur mantroan ka nicho d hai.

kisi bhi kriti ka kalajayi hona isi tathy se pramanit hota hai ki jab kriti us karta ki n hokar samaj ke pratyek vyakti ki, apani-si ban jaye. jis tarah 'ramacharitamanas' ya 'shrimadbhagavad gita' ya 'nanak bani' kalaantar mean ban payi hai. isi tarah shraddharam sharma ji dvara likhi 'om jay jagadish hare' aj harek sanatani, hindoo dharmi ke lie shraddha ka paryay ban gayi hai. is arati ka pratyek shabd shraddha se bhiga hua, eeshvar ki prarthana aur manushy ki shraddha ko pratibianbit karata hai.

janajagaran ka kary

vaise pandit shraddharam sharma dharmik kathaoan aur akhyanoan ke lie kafi prasiddh the. unhoanne dharmik kathaoan aur akhyanoan ka uddharan dete hue aangrez hukumat ke khilaf janajagaran ka aisa vatavaran taiyar kiya ki unaka akhyan sunakar har ek vyakti ke bhitar deshabhakti ki bhavana bhar jati thi. isase aangrez sarakar ki niand u d gee. shraddharam ji desh ke svatantrata andolanoan mean bhag lene tatha apane bhashanoan mean mahabharat ke uddharanoan ka ullekh karate hue british sarakar ko ukha d pheankane ka sandesh dete the aur logoan mean kraantikari vichar paida karate the.

gaanv se nishkasan

pandit shraddharam sharma ke vichar aur bhashan pulis mean dakhil hone vale asankhy l dakoan ne sune the aur usi ke lie 1865 mean british sarakar ne unako unake gaanv phullauri se nishkasit kar diya tha aur asapas ke gaanvoan tak mean unake pravesh par pabandi laga di gee thi. lekin unake dvara likhi gee kitaboan ka pathan vidyalayoan mean ho raha tha aur vah jari raha. pandit shraddharam sharma ne apane vyakhyanoan se logoan mean aangrez sarakar ke khilaf kraanti ki mashal hi nahian jalaee, balki saksharata ke lie bhi zabardast kam kiya. pandit shraddharam sharma svayan jyotish ke achchhe jnata the aur amritasar se lekar lahaur tak unake chahane vale the. isalie is nishkasan ka un par koee asar nahian hua, balki unaki lokapriyata aur badh gee. log unaki batean sunane ko aur unase milane ko utsuk rahane lage. isi dauran unhoanne hindi mean jyotish par kee kitabean likhian aur logoan ke sampark mean rahe.

ek eesaee padari fadar nyootan, jo pandit shraddharam sharma ke kraantikari vicharoan se behad prabhavit the, unake hastakshep par aangrez sarakar ko tho de hi dinoan mean unake nishkasan ka adesh vapas lena p da. pandit shraddharam sharma ne padari ke kahane par san 1868 mean eesaeeyoan ki pavitr pustak baeebal ke kuchh aanshoan ka gurumukhi mean anuvad kiya. pandit shraddharam sharma ne apane vyakhyanoan se logoan mean aangrez sarakar ke khilaf kraanti ki mashal hi nahian jalaee, balki saksharata ke lie bhi zabardast kam kiya.

pratham upanyasakar

pandit shraddharam sharma ko bharat ke pratham upanyasakar ke roop mean bhi jana jata hai. unhoanne 1877 mean 'bhagyavati' namak ek upanyas likha tha, jo hindi mean tha. mana jata hai ki yah hindi ka pahala upanyas hai. is upanyas ki pahali samiksha aprail, 1887 mean hindi ki masik patrika 'pradip' mean prakashit huee thi. isake prakashan se pahale hi pandit shraddharam sharma ji ka nidhan ho gaya, parantu unaki mrityu ke bad unaki patni ne kafi kasht sahan karake bhi is upanyas ka prakashan karavaya. ise panjab sahit desh ke kee rajyoan ke skooloan mean kee saloan tak padha jata raha.

pandit shraddharam sharma ke jivan aur unake dvara likhi gee pustakoan par 'guru nanak vishvavidyalay' ke hindi vibhag ke din aur hindi vibhagadhyaksh d aau. haramiandar sianh ne zabardast shodh kar tin sanskaranoan mean 'shraddharam granthavali' ka prakashan bhi kiya. unaka manana tha ki pan. shraddharam ka "bhagyavati" upanyas jo 1888 mean nirmal prakashan se prakashit hua tha, hindi sahity ka sabase pahala prakashit upanyas hai. lekin yah matr hindi ka hi pahala upanyas nahian tha, balki kee mayanoan mean yah pahala tha. jnatavy hai ki ab tak lala shrinivasadas ke 'pariksha guru' ko hindi ka pahala upanyas mana jata raha hai. 'd tribyoon' mean prakashit samachar/lekhoan ka sandarbh liya jae to 'bharatiy sahity akadami' ne bhi phillauriji ke upanyas "bhagyavati" ko hindi ka sabase pahala upanyas mane jane ko manyata de di hai. is tarah hindi sahity ke itihas ko aur khasakar hindi upanyas ke itihas ke punarlekhan ki disha mean ek nee pahal huee hai. smaraniy bat yah hai ki "bhagyavati" jeandar ishyoo ke sandarbh mean bhi ek kraantikari rachana hai, kyoanki is upanyas ki keandriy manyata hi yahi hai ki beti bete se kisi bat mean kam nahian hoti.

kuprathaoan par prahar

aj jis panjab mean sabase zyada kanyaoan ki bhroon hatyaean hoti haian, isaka ehasas pandit shraddharam sharma ne bahut pahale kar liya tha aur is vishay par unhoanne 'bhagyavat' upanyas likha, jo samay se bahut pahale ye soch lekar samane aya ki stri shiksha, stri ko samanata ka darja milana svasth samaj ke lie labhakari hai. is upanyas mean unhoanne kashi ke ek pandit umadatt ki beti bhagavati ke kiradar ke madhyam se 'bal vivah' jaisi kupratha par zabardast chot ki thi. is upanyas mean unhoanne bharatiy stri ki dasha aur usake adhikaroan ko lekar kraantikari vichar prastut kie the. upanyas mean upanyas ki nayika bhagyavati pahali beti paida hone par samaj ke logoan dvar majak u dae jane par apane pati se kahati hai ki "nanhi si kanya ki shadi karana, galat bat hai aur beta ya beti donoan saman haian." praudh shiksha dena zaroori hai, ye bhi mudda liya hai.

stri shiksha par bal

shraddharam sharma ji ne l dakiyoan ko tab padhane ki vakalat ki, jab l dakiyoan ko ghar se bahar tak nahian nikalane diya jata tha, paranparaoan, kuprathaoan aur roodhiyoan par chot karate rahane ke bavajood ve logoan ke bich lokapriy bane rahe. jabaki vah ek aisa daur tha, jab koee vyakti aandhavishvasoan aur dharmik roodhiyoan ke khilaf kuchh bolata tha to poora samaj usake khilaf ho jata tha. nishchay hi unake aandar apani bat ko kahane ka sahas aur use logoan tak pahuanchane ki jabardast kshamata thi.

rachanaean

pandit shraddharam sharma ji ki lagabhag do darjan rachanaoan ka pata chalata hai, yatha-

sanskrit kritiyaan

'nityaprarthana' (shikharini chhand ke 11 padoan mean eeshvar ki do stutiyaan), 'bhrigusanhita' (sau kuandaliyoan mean phaladesh varnan, yah adhoori rachana hai), 'haritalika vrat' (shivapuran ki ek katha), 'krishnastuti' vishayak kuchh shlok, jo ab aprapy haian.

hindi kritiyaan

'tatvadipak' (prashnottar mean shruti, smriti ke anusar dharm karm ka varnan); 'saty dharm muktavali' (phullauri ji ke shishy shri tulasidev sangrahit bhajanasangrah) pratham bhag mean thumariyaan, bisan pade, dooti pad haian; dvitiy mean raganusar bhajan, aant mean ek panjabi baramah; 'bhagyavati' (striyoan ki hinavastha ke sudhar hetu pranit upanyas), 'satyopadesh' (sau dohoan mean anekavidh shikshaean), 'bijamantr' ("satyamritapravah' namak rachana ki bhoomika), 'satyamritapravah' (phullauri ji ke siddhaantoan, aur achar vichar ka darpan granth), 'pakasadhani' (rasoee shiksha vishayak), 'kautuk sangrah' (mantratantr, jadootone sanbandhi), 'drishtaantavali' (sune hue drishtaantoan ka sangrah, jinhean shraddharam apane bhashanoan aur shastrarthoan mean prayukt karate the), 'ramalakamadhenu' ("nity prarthana' mean prakashit vijnapan se pata chalata hai ki yah jyotish granth sanskrit se hiandi mean anoodit hua tha), 'atmachikitsa' (pahale sanskrit mean likha gaya tha. bad mean isaka hindi anuvad kar diya gaya. aantat: ise phullauri ji ki aantim rachana 'satyamrit pravah' ke praranbh mean jo d diya gaya tha), 'maharaja' kapoorathala ke lie virachit ek nitigranth (aprapy hai).

urdoo kritiyaan

'durjan-mukh-chapetika', 'dharmakasauti' (do bhag), 'dharmasanvad', 'upadesh sangrah' (phullauri ji ke bhashanoan adi ke vishay mean prakashit samacharapatroan ki riportean), 'asool e mazahib' (panjab ke lephtineant gavarnar ke ichchhanusar farasi pustak "dabistani mazahib' ka anuvad). pahali tinoan rachanaoan mean bhagavat (sanatan) dharm ka pratipadan evan bharatiy tatha abharatiy prachin arvachin matoan ka joradar khandan kiya gaya.

panjabi kritiyaan

'barahamasa' (sansar se virakti ka upadesh), 'sikkhaan de itihas di vithia' (yah granth aangrejoan ke panjabi bhasha ki ek pariksha ke pathyakram ke lie likha gaya tha. isamean kuchhek anaitihasik aur janmasakhiyoan ke viparit batean bhi ullikhit thian), 'panjabi batachit' (panjab ke vibhinn kshetroan ki upabhashaoan ke namoonoan, kheloan aur riti rivajoan ka parichayatmak granth), 'baiant aur visanapadoan' mean virachit samagr "ramalila' tatha "krishnalila' (aprapy).

"satyamrit pravah" kitab mean vyakti ke usooloan par bal diya gaya hai. lekhak kahate haian "ek bachche ki bat agar oosulo pe tiki huee aur nyay sangat hai, use maian zyada tavajjo dooanga, ved puranoan mean kahi gayi bina tark ya nyay hin batoan ke bajay." shradhdharam ji viveki, nyayapriy, svatantr vicharak, ne aur khule dhang se vedoan ka niroopan karane ke himayati the.

aant samay

shraddharam sharma ji ka svargavas matr 44 varsh ki alpayu mean 24 joon, 1881 ko lahaur mean hua. hindi ke jane-mane lekhak aur sahityakar ramachandr shukl ne pandit shraddharam sharma aur bharateandu harishchandr ko hindi ke pahale do lekhakoan mean mana hai. unake antim samay mean, ve ye kahate hue chal base ki "aj se hindi ka bas ek hi sachcha sapoot rah jayega, jab maian ja raha hooan." unaka ishara bharateandu harishchandr ji ki aur tha. us samay kahe ye bhavapoorn shabd shayad atishayokti se lage hoan, par ye sach nikale. ramachandr shukl ji jo alochak the, ve kahate haian ki "shraddharam ji ki vani mean tej aur sammohan bhi tha aur ve apane samay ke ek prakhar lekhak kahalaye jayeangean."

'om jay jagadish hare' ki arati

om jay jagadish hare, svami jay jagadish hare, bhakt janoan ke sankat, kshan mean door kare. om jay...

jo dhyave phal pave, duahkh binase man ka, sukh-sampati ghar ave, kasht mite tan ka. om jay...

mat pita tum mere, sharan gahooan maian kisaki, tum bin aur n dooja, as karooan maian jisaki. om jay...

tum pooran paramatma, tum aantaryami, parabrahm parameshvar, tum sab ke svami. om jay...

tum karuna ke sagar, tum palanakarta, maian sevak tum svami, kripa karo bharta. om jay...

tum ho ek agochar, sabake pranapati, kis vidhi milooan dayamay, tumako maian kumati. om jay...

dinabandhu duahkhaharta, tum rakshak mere, karuna hast badhao, dvar p da tere. om jay...

vishay vikar mitao, pap haro deva, shraddha bhakti badhao, santan ki seva. om jay...

om jay jagadish, svami jay jagadish hare.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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sanbandhit lekh

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