महाभारत

भारत डिस्कवरी प्रस्तुति
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[[chitr:krishna-arjun1.jpg|thumb|250px|krishna aur arjun
Krishna And Arjuna]] mahabharat hinduoan ka ek pramukh kavy granth hai, jo hindoo dharm ke un dharmagranthoan ka samooh hai jinaki manyata shruti se nichi shreni ki haian aur jo manavoan dvara utpann the. inamean ved nahian ate varg mean ata hai. kabhi kabhi sirf bharat kaha jane vala yah kavyagranth bharat ka anupam dharmik, pauranik, aitihasik aur darshanik granth hai. hindoo dharm ka yah mukhyatam granthoan mean se ek hai. yah vishv ka sabase lanba sahityik granth hai, halaanki ise sahity ki sabase anupam kॄtiyoan mean se ek mana jata hai kintu aj bhi yah pratyek bharatiy ke liye ek anukaraniy srot hai. yah kॄti hinduoan ke itihas ki ek gatha hai. poore mahabharat mean ek lakh shlok haian. vidvanoan ne mahabharat kal ko lekar vibhinn mat hai phir bhi adhikatar vidvan mahabharat kal ko lauhayug se jo date haian. anuman kiya jata hai ki mahabharat mean varnit kuru vansh barah sau se ath sau eesa poorv ke dauran shakti mean raha hoga. pauranik manyata ko dekhean to pata lagata hai ki arjun ke pote (putr ke putr) parikshit aur mahapadmanand ka kal 382 eesa poorv thaharata haian . mana jata hai ki arjun ke prapautr janmejay ne baran nagar ko basaya tha.

mahabharat ke parv

mahabharat ki mool abhikalpana mean atharah ki sankhya ka vishisht yog hai. kaurav aur pandav pakshoan ke madhy hue yuddh ki avadhi atharah din thi. donoan pakshoan ki senaoan ka sammilit sankhyabal bhi aththarah akshauhini tha. is yuddh ke pramukh sootradhar bhi aththarah hai.[1] mahabharat ki prabandh yojana mean sampoorn granth ko atharah parvoan mean vibhakt kiya gaya hai aur mahabharat mean bhishm parv ke antargat varnit shrimadbhagavadgita mean bhi atharah adhyay haian.
sampoorn mahabharat atharah parvoan mean vibhakt hai ‘parv’ ka moolarth hai- gaanth ya jo d.[2] poorv katha ko uttaravarti katha se jo dane ke karan mahabharat ke vibhajan ka yah namakaran yatharth hai. in parvoan ka namakaran, us kathanak ke mahattvapoorn patr ya ghatana ke adhar par kiya jata hai. mukhy parvoan mean pray: any bhi kee parv haian. (sampoorn mahabharat mean aise parvoan ki kul sankhya 100 hai) in parvoan ka punarvibhajan adhyayoan mean kiya gaya hai. parvoan aur adhyayoan ka akar asaman hai. kee parv bahut b de haian aur kee parv bahut chhote haian. adhyayoan mean bhi shlokoan ki sankhya aniyat hai. kinhian adhyayoan mean pachas se bhi kam shlok haian aur kinhian-kinhian mean sankhya do sau se bhi adhik hai. mukhy atharah parvoan ke nam is prakar haian:

chitr:Blockquote-open.gif mahabharat shaanti parv adhyay-82:
krishna:-
he devarshi ! jaise purush agriki ichchha se arani kashth mathata hai; vaise hi un jati-logoan ke kahe hue kathor vachanase mera hriday sada mathata tatha jalata hua rahata hai ॥6॥ he narad ! b de bhaee balaram sada bal se, gad sukumarata se aur pradyumn roopase matavale hue hai; isase in sahayakoan ke hote hue bhi maian asahay hua hooan. ॥7॥ age padhean:-krishna narad sanvad chitr:Blockquote-close.gif

lakshashlokatmak mahabharat ki sampoorti ke lie in atharah parvoan ke pashchat ‘khilaparv’ ke roop mean ‘harivansh puran’ ki yojana ki gayi hai. harivansh puran mean 3 parv haian-

  • harivansh parv,
  • vishnu parv,
  • bhavishy parv.

in tinoan parvoan mean kul milakar 318 adhyay aur 12,000 shlok haian. mahabharat ka poorak to yah hai hi, svatantr roop se bhi isaka vishisht mahattv hai. santan-prapti ke lie harivansh puran ka shravan labhadayak mana gaya hai.

agni puran "mahabharat"

agni puran mean mahabharat ki sankshipt katha [[chitr:Jarasandh1.jpg|bhim-jarasandh yuddh|thumb]] agnidev kahate haian- ab maian shrikrishna ki mahima ko lakshit karane vala mahabharat ka upakhyan sunata hooan, jisamean shrihari ne pandavoan ko nimitt banakar is prithvi ka bhar utara tha. bhagavanh vishnu ke nabhikamal se brahmaji utpann hue. brahmaji se atri, atri se chandrama, chandrama se budh aur budh se ilanandan puroorava ka janm hua. puroorava se ayu, ayu se raja nahush aur nahush se yayati utpann hue. yayati se puroo hue. pooroo ke vansh mean bharat aur bharat ke kul mean raja kuru hue. kuru ke vansh mean shantanu ka janm hua. shantanu se ganganandan bhishm utpann hue. unake do chhote bhaee aur the-chitraangad aur vichitraviry. ye shantanu se satyavati ke garbh se utpann hue the. shantanu ke svargalok chale jane par bhishm ne avivahit rah kar apane bhaee vichitraviry ke rajy ka palan kiya. chitraangad balyavastha mean hi chitraangad nam vale gandharv ke dvara mare gaye. phir bhishm sangram mean vipakshi ko parast karake kashiraj ki do kanyaoan- ambika aur ambalika ko har laye. ve donoan vichitraviry ki bharyaean hueean. kuchh kal ke bad raja vichitraviry rajayakshma se grast ho svargavasi ho gaye. tab satyavati ki anumati se vyasaji ke dvara ambika ke garbh se raja dhritarashtr aur ambalika ke garbh se pandu utpann hue. dhritarashtr ne gandhari ke garbh se sau putroan ko janm diya, jinamean duryodhan sabase b da tha raja pandu van mean rahate the. ve ek rrishi ke shap vash shatashrriang muni ke ashram ke pas strisamagam ke karan mrityu ko prapt hue. (pandu shap ke hi karan stri-sambhog se door rahate the,) isaliye unaki ajna ke anusar kunti ke garbh se dharm ke aansh se yudhishthir ka janm hua. vayu se bhim aur indr se arjun utpann hue. pandu ki doosari patni madri ke garbh se ashvinikumaroan ke aansh se nakul-sahadev ka janm hua. (shapavash) ek din madri ke sath sambhog hone se pandu ki mrityu ho gayi aur madri bhi unake sath sati ho gayi. jab kunti ka vivah nahian hua tha, usi samay (soory ke aansh se) unake garbh se karn ka janm hua tha. vah duryodhan ke ashray mean rahata tha. daivayog se kauravoan aur pandavoan mean vair ki ag prajvalit ho uthi. duryodhan b di khoti buddhi ka manushy tha. usane laksha ke bane hue dhar mean pandavoan ko rakhakar ag lagakar unhean jalane ka prayatn kiya, kintu paanchoan pandav apani mata ke sath us jalate hue ghar se bahar nikal gaye. vahaan se ekachakra nagari mean jakar ve muni ke vesh mean ek brahman ke ghar mean nivas karane lage. phir bak namak rakshas ka vadh karake ve paanchal-rajy mean, jahaan draupadi ka svayanvar honevala tha, gaye. vahaan arjun ke bahubal se matsyabhed hone par paanchoan pandavoan ne draupadi ko patniroop mean prapt kiya. tatpashchat duryodhan adi ko unake jivit hone ka pata chalane par unhoanne kauravoan se apana adha rajy bhi prapt kar liya. arjun ne agnidev se divy gandiv dhanush aur uttam rath prapt kiya tha. unhean yuddh mean bhagavanh krishna-jaise sarathi mile the tatha unhoanne achary dron se brahmastr adi divy ayudh aur kabhi nasht n hone vale ban prapt kiye the. sabhi pandav sab prakar ki vidyaoan mean pravin the [[chitr:Bhishma1.jpg|thumb|left|mahabharat yuddh mean bhishm krishna ki pratijna bhang karavate hue]]

pandavoan ka vanavas

pandukumar arjun ne shrikrishna ke sath khandavavan mean indr ke dvara ki huee vrishti ka apane banoan ki (chhatrakar) baandh se nivaran karate hue agni ko tript kiya tha. pandavoan ne sampoorn dishaoan par vijay payian yudhishthir rajy karane lage. unhoanne prachur suvarnarashi se paripoorn rajasooy yajn ka anushthan kiya. unaka yah vaibhav duryodhan ke liye asahy ho utha. usane apane bhaee du:shasan aur vaibhav prapt suhridh karn ke kahane se shakuni ko sath le, dyoot-sabha mean jooe mean pravritt hokar, yudhishthir aur unake rajy ko kapat-dyoot ke dvara hansate-hansate jit liya. jooe mean parast hokar yudhishthir apane bhaiyoan ke sath van mean chale gaye. vahaan unhoanne apani pratijna ke anusar barah varsh vyatit kiye. ve van mean bhi pahale hi ki bhaanti pratidin bahusankhyak brahmanoan ko bhojan karate the. (ek din unhoanne) athasi hazar dvijoansahit durvasa ko (shrikrishna-kripa se) paritript kiya. vahaan unake sath unaki patni draupadi aur purohit dhaumyaji bhi the.

barahavaan varsh bitane par ve virat nagar mean gaye. vahaan yudhishthir sabase aparichit rahakar 'kank' namak brahman ke roop mean rahane lage. bhimasen rasoiya bane the. arjun ne apana nam 'brihannala' rakha tha. pandav patni draupadi ranivas mean sairandhri ke roop mean rahane lagi. isi prakar nakul-sahadev ne bhi apane nam badal liye the. bhimasen ne ratrikal mean draupadi ka satitv-haran karane ki ichchha rakhane vale kichak ko mar dala. tatpashchat kaurav virat ki gauoan ko harakar le jane lage, tab unhean arjun ne parast kiya. us samay kauravoan ne pandavoan ko pahachan liya. shrikrishna ki bahin subhadra ne arjun se abhimanyu namak putr ko utpann kiya tha use raja virat ne apani kanya uttara byah di

shrikrishna doot banakar gaye.

[[chitr:Krishna-Arjuna.jpg|thumb|mahabharat ke yuddh mean arjun ko samajhate huye shrikrishna]] dharmaraj yudhishthir sat akshauhini sena ke svami hokar kauravoan ke sath yuddh karane ko taiyar hue. pahale bhagavanh shrikrishna param krodhi duryodhan ke pas doot banakar gaye. unhoanne gyarah akshauhini sena ke svami raja duryodhan se kaha-

'rajanh! tum yudhishthir ko adha rajy de do ya unhean paanch hi gaanv arpit kar do; nahian to unake sath yuddh karo.'

shrikrishna ki bat sunakar duryodhan ne kaha- 'maian unhean suee ki nok ke barabar bhoomi bhi nahian dooanga; haan, unase yuddh avashy karooanga.'

aisa kahakar vah bhagavanh shrikrishna ko bandi banane ke liye udyat ho gaya. us samay rajasabha mean bhagavanh shrikrishna ne apane param durdharsh vishvaroop ka darshan karakar duryodhan ko bhayabhit kar diya. phir vidur ne apane ghar le jakar bhagavanh ka poojan aur satkar kiya.

tadanantar ve yudhishthir ke pas laut gaye aur bole-'maharaj! ap duryodhan ke sath yuddh kijiye'

kaurav aur pandavoan ka yuddh tatha usaka parinam

agnidev kahate haian- yudhishthir aur duryodhan ki senaean kurukshetr ke maidan mean ja datian. apane vipaksh mean pitamah bhishm tatha achary dron adi gurujanoan ko dekhakar arjun yuddh se virat ho gaye, tab bhagavanh shrikrishna ne unase kaha-"parth! bhishm adi gurujan shok ke yogy nahian haian. manushy ka sharir vinashashil hai, kiantu atma ka kabhi nash nahian hota. yah atma hi parabrahm hai.

'maian brahm hooan'- is prakar tum us atma ko samajho. kary ki siddhi aur asiddhi mean samanabhav se rahakar karmayog ka ashray le kshatradharm ka palan karo." [[chitr:Dronacharya.jpg|thumb|left|dhrishtadyumn dvara dronachary vadh]] shrikrishna ke aisa kahane par arjun ratharoodh ho yuddh mean pravritt hue. unhoanne shankhadhvani ki. duryodhan ki sena mean sabase pahale pitamah bhishm senapati hue. pandavoan ke senapati shikhandi the. in donoan mean bhari yuddh chhi d gaya. bhishmasahit kaurav paksh ke yoddha us yuddh mean pandav-paksh ke sainikoan par prahar karane lage aur shikhandi adi pandav- paksh ke vir kaurav-sainikoan ko apane banoan ka nishana banane lage.
kaurav aur pandav-sena ka vah yuddh, devasur-sangram ke saman jan p data tha. akash mean kh de hokar dekhane vale devataoan ko vah yuddh b da anandadayak pratit ho raha tha. bhishm ne das dinoan tak yuddh karake pandavoan ki adhikaansh sena ko apane banoan se mar giraya

bhishm dron vadh

dasavean din arjun ne viravar bhishm par banoan ki b di bhari vrishti ki. idhar drupad ki prerana se shikhandi ne bhi pani barasane vale megh ki bhaanti bhishm par banoan ki jh di laga di. donoan or ke hathisavar, ghu dasavar, rathi aur paidal ek-doosare ke banoan se mare gaye. bhishm ki mrityu unaki ichchha ke adhin thi. unhoanne yuddh ka marg dikhakar vasu-devata ke kahane par vasulok mean jane ki taiyari ki aur banashayya par so rahe. ve uttarayan ki pratiksha mean bhagavanh vishnu ka dhyan aur stavan karate hue samay vyatit karane lage. bhishm ke ban-shayya par gir jane ke bad jab duryodhan shok se vyakul ho utha, tab achary dron ne senapatitv ka bhar grahan kiya. udhar harsh manati huee pandavoan ki sena mean dhrishtadyumn senapati hue. un donoan mean b da bhayankar yuddh hua, jo yamalok ki abadi ko badhane vala tha. virat aur drupad adi raja dronaroopi samudr mean doob gaye. hathi, gho de, rath aur paidal sainikoan se yukt duryodhan ki vishal vahini dhrishtadyumn ke hath se mari jane lagi. us samay dron kal ke saman jan p date the. itane hi mean unake kanoan mean yah avaj ayi ki 'ashvatthama mara gaya'. itana sunate hi achary dron ne astr shastr tyag diye. aise samay mean dhrishtadyumn ke banoan se ahat hokar ve prithvi par gir p de

karn aur arjun

[[chitr:Bhim-Dushasan.jpg|thumb|bhim dvara du:shasan vadh]] dron b de hi durdharsh the. ve sampoorn kshatriyoan ka vinash karake paanch vean din mare gaye. duryodhan pun: shok se atur ho utha. us samay karn usaki sena ka karnadhar hua. pandav-sena ka adhipaty arjun ko mila. karn aur arjun mean bhaanti-bhaanti ke astr-shastroan ki mar-kat se yukt mahabhayanak yuddh hua, jo devasur-sangram ko bhi mat karane vala tha. karn aur arjun ke sangram mean karn ne apane banoan se shatru-paksh ke bahut-se viroan ka sanhar kar dala; kiantu doosare din arjun ne use mar giraya

draupadi ke paanchoan putroan ka vadh

tadanantar raja shaly kaurav-sena ke senapati hue, kiantu ve yuddh mean adhe din tak hi tik sake. dopahar hote-hote raja yudhishthir ne unhean mar giraya. duryodhan ki pray: sari sena yuddh mean mari gayi thi. antatogatva usaka bhimasen ke sath yuddh hua. usane pandav-paksh ke paidal adi bahut-se sainikoan ka vadh karake bhimasen par dhava kiya. us samay gada se prahar karate hue duryodhan ke any chhote bhaee bhi bhimasen ke hi hath se mare gaye the. mahabharat-sangram ke us atharahavean din ratrikal mean mahabali ashvatthama ne pandavoan ki soyi huee ek akshauhini sena ko sada ke liye sula diya. usane draupadi ke paanchoan putroan, usake paanchaladeshiy bandhuoan tatha dhrishtadyumn ko bhi jivit nahian chho da. draupadi putrahin hokar rone-bilakhane lagi. tab arjun ne siank ke astr se ashvatthama ko parast karake usake mastak ki mani nikal li. (use mara jata dekh draupadi ne hi anunay-vinay karake usake pran bachaye) [[chitr:Sanjaya-Dhritarashtra.jpg|thumb|left|dhritarashtr ko mahabharat ki ghatanaoan ka aankhoan dekha hal batate huye sanjay]]

viroan ka dah-sanskar

itane par bhi dusht ashvatthama ne uttara ke garbh ko nasht karane ke liye us par astr ka prayog kiya. vah garbh usake astr se pray: dagdh ho gaya tha; kiantu bhagavanh shrikrishna ne usako pun: jivan-dan diya. uttara ka vahi garbhasth shishu age chalakar raja parikshith ke nam se vikhyat hua. kritavarma, kripachary tatha ashvatthama- ye tin kauravapakshiy vir us sangram se jivit bache. doosari or paanch pandav, satyaki tatha bhagavan shrikrishna-ye sat hi jivit rah sake; doosare koee nahian bache. us samay sab or anatha striyoan ka artanad vyapt ho raha tha. bhimasen adi bhaiyoan ke sath jakar yudhishthir ne unhean santvana di tatha ranabhoomi mean mare gaye sabhi viroan ka dah-sanskar karake unake liye jalaanjali de dhan adi ka dan kiya. tatpashchat kurukshetr mean sharashayya par asin shantanunandan bhishm ke pas jakar yudhishthir ne unase samast shantidayak dharm, rajadharm (apaddharm), moksh dharm tatha danadharm ki batean sunian. phir ve rajasianhasan par asin hue. isake bad un shatrumardan raja ne ashvamedh yajn karake usamean brahmanoan ko bahut dhan dan kiya. tadanantar dvaraka se laute hue arjun ke mukh se moosalakand ke karan prapt hue shap se parasparik yuddh dvara yadavoan ke sanhar ka samachar sunakar yudhishthir ne parikshith ko rajasan par bithaya aur svayan bhaiyoan ke sath mahaprasthan kar svargalok ko chale gaye

  • yadyapi is adhyay ke ant tak mahabharat ki poori katha samapt huee-si jan p dati hai, tathapi ashramavasik parv se lekar svargarohan parv tak ka vrittant kuchh vistar se kahana shesh rah gaya hai; isaliye agale (pandrahavean) adhyay mean use poora kiya gaya hai.

yadukul ka sanhar aur pandavoan ka svargagaman

[[chitr:Jaydrath-vadh.jpg|thumb|jayadrath vadh]] agnidev kahate haian- brahmanh! jab yudhishthir rajasianhasan par virajaman ho gaye, tab dhritarashtr grihasth-ashram se vanaprasth-ashram mean pravisht ho van mean chale gaye. (athava rrishiyoan ke ek ashram se doosare ashramoan mean hote hue ve van ko gaye.) unake sath devi gandhari aur pritha (kunti) bhi thian. vidur ji davanal se dagdh ho svarg sidhare. is prakar bhagavanh vishnu ne prithvi ka bhar utara aur dharm ki sthapana tatha adharm ka nash karane ke liye pandavoan ko nimitt banakar danav-daity adi ka sanhar kiya. tatpashchat bhoomika bhar badhane vale yadavakul ka bhi brahmanoan ke shap ke bahane moosal ke dvara sanhar kar dala. aniruddh ke putr vajr ko raja ke pad par abhishikt kiya. tadanantar devataoan ke anurodh se prabhasakshetr mean shrihari svayan hi sthool sharir ki lila ka sanvaran karake apane dham ko padhare

ve indralok aur brahmalok mean svargavasi devataoan dvara poojit hote haian. balabhadr ji sheshanag ke svaroop the, at: unhoanne patalaroopi svarg ka ashray liya. avinashi bhagavan shrihari dhyani purushoan ke dhyey haian. unake antardhan ho jane par samudr ne unake niji nivasasthan ko chho d kar shesh dvarakapuri ko apane jal mean duba diya. arjun ne mare hue yadavoan ka dah-sanskar karake unake liye jalaanjali di aur dhan adi ka dan kiya. bhagavanh shrikrishna ki raniyoan ko, jo pahale apsaraean thian aur ashtavakr ke shap se manaviroop mean prakat huee thian, lekar hastinapur ko chale. marg mean dande liye hue gvaloan ne arjun ka tiraskar karake un sabako chhin liya. yah bhi ashtavakr ke shap se hi sambhav hua tha. isase arjun ke man mean b da shok hua. phir maharshi vyas ke santvana dene par unhean yah nishchay hua ki 'bhagavanh shrikrishna ke samip rahane se hi mujhamean bal tha.' hastinapur mean akar unhoanne bhaiyoan sahit raja yudhishthir se, jo us samay prajavarg ka palan karate the, yah sab samachar nivedan kiya. ve bole-

'bhaiya! vahi dhanush hai, ve hi ban haian, vahi rath hai aur ve hi gho de haian, kiantu bhagavanh shrikrishna ke bina sab kuchh usi prakar nasht ho gaya, jaise ashrotriy ko diya hua dan.' yah sunakar dharmaraj yudhishthir ne rajy par parikshith ko sthapit kar diya [[chitr:karn1.jpg|thumb|left|mahabharat yuddh mean karn ki viragati]] isake bad buddhimanh raja sansar ki anityata ka vichar karake draupadi tatha bhaiyoan ko sath le mahaprasthan ke path par agrasar hue. marg mean ve shrihari ke ashtottarashat namoan ka jap karate hue yatra karate the. us mahapath mean kramash: draupadi, sahadev, nakul, arjun aur bhimasen ek-ek karake gir p de. isase raja shokamagn ho gaye. tadanantar ve indr ke dvara laye hue rath par aroodh ho (divy roop dhari) bhaiyoan sahit svarg ko chale gaye. vahaan unhoanne duryodhan adi sabhi dhritarashtraputroan ko dekha. tadanantar (un par kripa karane ke liye apane dham se padhare hue) bhagavanh vasudev ka bhi darshan kiya isase unhean b di prasannata hueean yah maianne tumhean mahabharat ka prasang sunaya hai. jo isaka path karega, vah svargalok mean sammanit hoga.

uttaragita

'uttaragita' mahabharat ka hi ek aansh mana jata hai. prasiddh hai ki pandavoan ki vijay aur rajy prapti ke bad shri krishna ke satsang ka suavasar pakar ek bar arjun ne kaha ki bhagavan! yuddharambh mean apane jo gita-upadesh mujhako diya tha, yuddh ki mar-kat aur bhag-dau d ke bich maian bhool gaya hooan. kripa kar vah jnanopadesh mujhako phir se suna dijie.

dhritarashtr- vanagaman

[[chitr:Vyasadeva-Sanjaya-Krishna.jpg|thumb|sanjay ko divyadrishti pradan karate huye vedavyas ji]]

paandavoan ne vijayi hone ke uparaant dhritarashtr tatha gaandhari ki poorn tanmayata se seva ki. paandavoan mean se bhimasen aise the jo sabaki chori se dhritarashtr ko apriy lagane vale kam karate rahate the, kabhi-kabhi sevakoan se bhi dhrishtatapoorn mantranaean karavate the. dhritarashtr dhire-dhire do din ya char din mean ek bar bhojan karane lage. pandrah varsh bad unhean itana vairagy hua ki ve van jane ke lie chhatapatane lage. ve aur gaandhari yudhishthir tatha vyas muni se ajna lekar van mean chale gaye.

saty brahman ki katha

  1. saty namak brahman anek yajnoan tatha tapoan se vyast rahata tha.
  2. usaki patni (pushkar dharini) usake hiansak yajnoan se sahamat nahian thi, tathapi usake shap ke bhay se yajn patni ka sthan grahan karati thi.

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tika tippani aur sandarbh

  1. dhritarashtr, duryodhan, du:shasan, karn, shakuni, bhishm, dron, krip, ashvatthama, kritavarma, shrikrishna, yudhishthar, bhim, arjun, nakul, sahadev, draupadi aur vidur.
  2. vi.es. apte: sanskrit-hindi-kosh, pri. 595

sanbandhit lekh

shrutiyaan
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

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