महाभारत

[[chitr:krishna-arjun1.jpg|thumb|250px|krishna aur arjun
Krishna And Arjuna]] mahabharat hinduoan ka ek pramukh kavy granth hai, jo hindoo dharm ke un dharmagranthoan ka samooh hai jinaki manyata shruti se nichi shreni ki haian aur jo manavoan dvara utpann the. kabhi kabhi sirf bharat kaha jane vala yah kavyagranth bharat ka anupam dharmik, pauranik, aitihasik aur darshanik granth hai. hindoo dharm ka yah mukhyatam granthoan mean se ek hai. yah vishv ka sabase lanba sahityik granth hai, halaanki ise sahity ki sabase anupam kॄtiyoan mean se ek mana jata hai kintu aj bhi yah pratyek bharatiy ke liye ek anukaraniy srot hai. yah kriti hinduoan ke itihas ki ek gatha hai. poore mahabharat mean ek lakh shlok haian. vidvanoan ne mahabharat kal ko lekar vibhinn mat hai phir bhi adhikatar vidvan mahabharat kal ko lauhayug se jo date haian. anuman kiya jata hai ki mahabharat mean varnit kuru vansh 1200 se 800 eesa poorv ke dauran shakti mean raha hoga. pauranik manyata ko dekhean to pata lagata hai ki arjun ke pote (putr ke putr) parikshit aur mahapadmanand ka kal 382 eesa poorv thaharata haian.

rajy shasan prabandh

vedavyas ji dvara rachit mahabharat vishv ke asadharan granthoan mean se ek hai. rajanitik drishti se mahabharat ka mahatv sarvadhik hai. is granth mean rajadharm ke vividh aangoan ki vividh drishtiyoan se aur poorvacharyoan ke matanusar pratishtha ki gee hai.

rajy athava raja se sambandhit vichar

mahabharat mean likha hai ki pahale n koee rajy tha, n raja, n dand tha aur n dand dene vala, samast praja dharm ke dvara hi ek-doosare ki raksha karati thi. lekin bad mean log moh, lobh, kam, rag, dvesh adi vikaroan se yukt hone ke karan dharmahin ho gaye. vaidik jnan ka lop hone se yajn-dharm nasht ho gaya. is arajakata ke yug mean praja trasit aur pi dit thi.

'rajy' manav jivan ke lie anivary sanstha

mahabharat ke anusar rajy manav jivan ke lie anivary sanstha hai. 'shaanti parv' mean likha hai ki is jagat mean bhootal par yadi raja n ho to jaise jal mean b di machhaliyaan chhoti machhaliyoan ko kha jati haian, usi prakar shaktishali manushy durbaloan ko loot khaean. raja ke n rahane par praja varg ke log paraspar ek-doosare ko lootate hue nasht ho jate haian. mahabharat mean rajatantr ko hi sarvashreshth shasan pranali mana gaya hai.

rajy ki utapatti ke vibhinn siddhaant

mahabharat mean rajy athava raja ki utpatti ke vishay mean anek siddhaantoan ka ullekh milata hai.

1. daivi siddhaant-
   

shaantiparv mean likha hai ki arajak yug mean manushyoan ki kashtaprad sthiti ko dekhakar devata bhi trasit ho uthe aur brahmaji ki sharan mean jakar nivedan kiya ki manushy lok mean yajnadi karm-kriyaoan ka lop ho jane ke karan unaka bhi jivan sankatamay ho gaya hai aur unaka dev svabhav nasht ho raha hai. tab devataoan ke kasht nivaran hetu brahmaji ne ek lakh adhyay vale 'nitisar' ki rachana ki aur kaha ki yah dandaniti sampoorn jagat ki raksha karane mean samarth hogi. devataoan ki prarthana par bhagavan narayan dev ne apane tej se ek manas putr ki rachana ki jo 'biraja' ke nam se vikhyat hua aur usi ki santati kramash: rajy karane lagi. isase spasht hai ki raja tatha rajy ki utpatti mean daiviy yogadan tha.

1. samajik samajhauta siddhaant-
   

shaantiparv ke 67 vean adhyay mean kaha gaya hai ki arajak avastha se pi dit aur trasit janata ne apas mean milakar ek samajhauta kiya jisake anusar , ham logoan ko katuvaki, vakashoor, dand-purush, parastrigami tatha paradhan ka apaharan karane valoan ko samaj se bahishkrit kar dena chahiye. kuchh samay tak is niyam ka palan kiya gaya. kalaantar mean phir vahi purani durvyavastha vyapt ho gayi. tab santapt janata ne pitamah brahma se prarthana ki ki raja ke abhav mean ham sab log nasht ho jayeange. ap hamean aisa raja dijiye jo shasan karane mean samarth ho aur hamara palan kar sake. tab brahmaji ne manu ko raja hone ki ajna di, parantu manu ne anichchha prakat karate hue kaha ki rajakary bahut kathin hai, visheshat: mithyachari manushyoan par shasan. is par praja mean manu ko ashvasan diya aur kaha ki ap n darean, pap to use lagega jo use karega. ham log ap ki koshavriddhi ke lie pashuoan tatha svarn ka pachasavaan bhag evan ann ki upaj ka dasavaan bhag dete raheange, ham log ap se rakshit hokar jo kuchh dharmacharan kareange ap usake chaturthaansh ke phalabhagi hoange. is samajhaute dvara raja ko sashart adhikar evan shaktiyaan pradan ki gayian. janata raja ke adesh ka palan usi sima tak karegi jahaan tak ki dharm ke anukool hai. dharm virodhi acharan karane par use pad se hata diya jayega. is prakar mahabharat mean rajy ki utpatti ke daivi siddhaant aur samajhauta siddhaant, donoan ka hi ullekh milata hai.

raja ka uttaradhikari

mahabharat ke adhyayan se spasht hai ki us samay raja vanshanugat ho chuka tha. anek sthaloan par hamean 'pitri paitamahan rajyam' athava 'paitrik rajy' ka ullekh milata hai, aur jin vanshoan ka itihas is granth mean sangrahit hai usamean bhi yahi pratidhvanit hota hai. sadharanataya pita ke pashchat usaka jyeshth putr hi rajyadhikari hota tha, parantu yadi jyeshth putr mean sharirik athava charitrik dosh hota tha to use apane adhikar se vanchit kar diya jata tha. aisi sthiti mean usake putr athava anuj ko sianhasan pradan kiya jata tha. shreshth rajy ke gun- mahabharat mean usi rajy athava rashtr ko uttam mana gaya jai jo dhan-dhany tatha pashuoan se sampann ho. jisaki bhoomi upajaoo aur ratnagarbha ho. jahaan jal ka abhav n ho, varta unnatishil ho, kushal vyapari aur shilpi ho tatha prajajan svakaryarat, dharmaparayan, vyasanarahit aur parasparik sadabhavana se prerit hoan.

rajy ka svarup: saptaang siddhaant

mahabharat mean bhi rajy ke svaroop mean sat aang nihit haian, ye is prakar haian:

1. raja
2. amaty
3. kosh
4. dand
5. mitr
6. janapad
7. pur.

inako mahabharat mean nam bhed se jahaan-tahaan anek bar smaran kiya gaya hai. shaantiparv mean raja ke karttavyoan ka ullekh karate hue bhishm ne kaha hai ki raja ko uchit hai ki vah sat vastuoan ki avashy raksha kare. ye haian raja ka apana sharir, mantri, kosh, dand, mitr, rashtr aur nagar. raja ko in sat ka prayatnapoorvak palan karana chahie. rajy ke vividh aangoan ke parasparik sambandhoan ke vishay mean bhi mahabharat mean vivechana ki gee hai. shaanti parv mean rani sulabha raja janak se prashn karati hai ki rajy ke samast aang, jo vividh gunoan se yukt haian, unamean kis ko adhik mahattvapoorn mana ja sakata hai? is prashn ka samadhan is prakar kiya gaya hai ki sabhi aang samay-samay par apani vishishtata siddh karate haian aur jis aang se jo kary siddh hota hai, usake liye usi ki pradhanata mani jati hai. mahabharat mean bhi rajy ke aangoan ki tulana tri-dand se karake unake parasparik sahayog ko avashyak siddh kiya gaya hai.

raja ka shirsh sthan

yadyapi yah saty hai ki apane-apane sthan par rajy ki satoan prakritiyaan apana vishisht mahatv rakhati haian, parantu apekshakrit raja ka sthan adhik mahatvapoorn hai. vah rajy ke vibhinn aangoan ka sanchalan hi nahian, varan unamean taratamy bhi sthapit karata hai. unaki raksha ka bhar bhi raja par hi hota hai. rajy ke kisi bhi aang ka ahit karane vale vyakti ko vah dandit kar sakata hai.

raja ki shreshthata evan mahatv

mahabharat mean raja ko atyant mahatvapoorn sthan pradan kiya gaya hai. shaanti parv mean rajahin desh ko dhikkar yogy mana gaya hai. arajak rashtr nirbal tatha dasyujanoan se trasit hota hai. vahaan dharm ka abhav hota hai aur manushy ek-doosare ko vinasht karane lagate haian. bhishm ne to yahaan tak kaha hai ki raja rahit rajy mean rahana hi nahian chahiye. mahabharat mean raja ki shreshthata ke sambandh mean kaha gaya hai ki raja samast praniyoan ke lie guru ki bhaanti adaraniy hai. raja aur gau par prahar karane se bhroon hatya ka pap lagata hai. raja sampoorn jagat ko dharan karane vala hai. raja trivarg ka mool hai aur vahian charoan yugoan ka srishtikarta hai.

raja ka rajyabhishek

rajasianhasan par aroodh hone se poorv raja ke abhishek ki kriya avashyak thi. rajyabhishek ke bina koee bhi vyakti vaidh raja nahian mana jata tha. mahabharat mean anek rajaoan ke rajyabhishek ka ullekh prapt hai, jisamean sabase adhik mahatvapoorn varnan yudhishthir ke abhishek ka hai. is avasar par raja, unake bandhubandhav, praja varg, mantri tatha purohit adi sabhi upasthit rahate the. is avasar par raja praja ke kalyan hetu tatpar rahane ki pratijna karata tha aur bhoomi tatha any vastuean dan mean deta tha.

raja ki upadhiyaan

mahabharat mean raja ko anek upadhiyaan prapt hoti thian yatha rajan, rajendr, nrip, narendr, manushyendr janeshvar, prithvipati, lokanath adi. ye sabhi upadhiyaan prithvi evan praja donoan par hi raja ke adhikar ki soochak haian. raja ko prabhu, eesh aur eeshvar bhi kaha gaya hai jo usake devatv ki dyotak haian.

raja ke gun

mahabharat mean likha hai ki gun sampann vyakti hi shasan karane ka adhikari hai. gunavihin raja svayan to vipatti mean p data hi hai, praja ko bhi vipatti ke gart mean dal deta hai. gunayukt raja praja ka vishvas prapt karata hai. vah n pathabhrasht hota hai, aur n hi shribhrasht. shaantiparv mean yudhishthir ke ek prashn ke uttar mean bhishm ne raja ke 36 gunoan ka ullekh kiya hai. raja gunavan, shil sampann, mridu, dharmik, jitendriy, sudarshan, satyavadi, shaant, atmavan, trayi aur shastr ka jnata, prajn, tyagi, shatru ki durbalata samajhane mean tatpar, kriyavan tatha hath sankalp vala hona chahiye.

raja ke pramukh kary=

mahabharat mean raja ke karyoan ke prasang mean bhi vistrit roop se likha gaya hai. raja ka pahala kary dharm ka anushilan karana hai. yadi vah dharm ka acharan karata hai to devata ban jata hai, aur yadi adharm ka acharan karata hai to narak mean girata hai. raja ke pramukh kary nimnalikhit haian-

1. praja ki raksha

raja ko praja ki raksha karani chahiye. raja dvara palit rajy mean janata apane ko usi prakar rakshit anubhav kare, jaisa ki ek balak apane pita ki god mean anubhav karata hai. anushasan-parv mean maheshvar kahate haian ki rakshaniyata praja ka dharm hai, aur raksha karana raja ka.

2. praja ka palan

mahabharat mean praja-palan raja ka dharm mana gaya hai. bhagavan maheshvar kahate haian ki kshatriy ka pradhan dharm praja palan hai. dharmapoorvak praja ka palan karane vala raja uttam lok prapt karata hai. prajapalan mean yah karttavy bhi samavisht tha ki vah praja ke bharan-poshan aur jivika ka samuchit prabandh kare.

3. prajaranjan

mahabharat mean anek sthaloan par prajaranjan raja ka mukhy karttavy bataya gaya hai. vidur kahate haian ki jo raja netr, man, vani aur karm dvara praja ko prasann rakhata hai, usi se praja prasann rahati hai. shaanti parv mean bhi kaha gaya hai ki jo raja paur-janapadoan ka ranjan karata hai usaka rajy kabhi asthir nahian hota.

4. varnashram vyavastha ka sanchalan

samajik maryada ki raksha karana raja ka pramukh karttavy tha. mahabharat mean kaha gaya hai ki charoan varnoan ko svadharm mean sthapit karane vala raja devalok ko prapt karata hai. bhishm ke anusar, chaturvarn dharm ki raksha karana aur praja ko varnasankarata se bachana raja ka sanatan dharm hai.

5. dandaniti ka sahi prayog

raja ko dandaniti ka uttam riti se prayog karana chahiye. isase charoan varn apane-apane dharm mean lage rahate haian tatha adharm mean jane se ruk jate haian. praja sab or se nirbhay evan kushalatapoorvak rahane lagati hai. shaanti parv mean likha hai ki samast prani dandaniti ke adhar par tike hue haian. raja dandaniti se yukt ho, usi ke anusar chale yah usaka sabase b da dharm hai.

6. arthik kary

praja ki arthik evan bhautik unnati bhi raja ke karttavyoan mean sammilit thi. krishi pradhan desh hone ke karan krishi ki unnati aur krishakoan ko avashyak sahayata dena raja ka dharm mana gaya hai. anushasanaparv mean raja ko adesh diya gaya hai ki yadi varsha ke abhav mean krishak sianchaee ke lie koop ityadi ka nirman karean to vah unase kar n le. vyapar evan shilp ki unnati bhi raja ka dharm mana gaya hai. shaanti parv ke anusar raja ko vyapariyoan ki putr ke saman raksha karani chahie.

7. kararopan evan kosh sangrah

shaantiparv mean likha hai ki raja prajajanoan se unhian ki raksha ke lie unaki ay ka chhatha bhag kar ke roop mean ekatrit kare. raja ko utana hi kar lena chahie ki praja sankat mean n p d jaye. raja logoan ki kshamata ke anusar bhari aur halka kar lagaye. shaantiparv ke anusar raja ko aisi vyavastha karani chahiye jisamean aprapt arth ki vriddhi ho tatha prapt dhan ka supatroan mean samuchit vitaran kiya ja sake.

8. prashasan sambandhi kary

mahabharat mean likha hai ki samooche rajy ka prashasanik vargikaran is prakar kiya jaye ki gaanv ka, das gaanvoan ka, sau gaanvoan ka tatha ek hajar gaanvoan ka alag-alag ek-ek adhipati banaya jaye. adhipatiyoan ke adhikar mean jo yuddh sambandhi tatha prabandh sambandhi kary sauanpe gaye hoan unaki dekhabhal koee dharmajn mantri kare. mahabharat ke adhyayan se vidit hota hai ki raja mantri, senapati tatha any varisht padadhikariyoan ki niyukti aur unake karyoan ka nirikshan karata tha. kosh v sena ka nirikshan karana, praja ke abhiyogoan ko sunakar aantim nirnay dena evan sandhi-vigrah ki niti nirdharit karana raja ke hi kary the. vah svayan yuddh-bhoomi mean upasthit ho sena ka sanchalan bhi karata tha.

9. guptacharoan ki vyavastha

mahabharat mean likha hai ki aantarik suraksha evan bahm suraksha donoan ki drishti se raja ko guptacharoan ki niyukti karani chahiye. raja ko apani nitiyoan ke prati janapratikriya ko janane ke lie bhi guptachar niyukt karane chahiye.

10. nishpaksh nyay

raja ko apani praja ko santan ki bhaanti sneh se dekhana chahiye, parantu nyay karate samay use snehavash pakshapat nahian karana chahiye. shaantiparv ke anusar raja nyay karate samay sada vadi-prativadi ki batoan ko sunane ke lie apane pas sarvarthadarshi vidvan purushoan ko bithae rakhe. uchit dand ki vyavastha karana raja ka uttam dharm kaha gaya hai.

11. videsh niti evan yuddh se sambandhit kary

shaantiparv mean likha hai ki raja ko pur ki raksha karani chahie, karmachariyoan ke vishvas par hi nirbhar n rahakar, puravasiyoan ke anuchit sanghoan ka bhedan tatha shatru, mitr aur udasinoan ko janana chahie. buddhiman raja yadi rajy ka hit chahe to use hamesha yuddh ko talane ka hi prayatn karana chahie. isake pashchat bhi yadi yuddh karana jaroori ho jaye to pahale shatru ke bal ke bare mean achchhi tarah pata laga lena chahie.

12. dushtoan par niyantran

mahabharat mean likha hai ki raja ko dharmacharan ke marg mean ane vali badhaoan ko door karane ke uddeshy se papiyoan v dushtoan par niyantran rakhana chahie. jo raja in sabako niyam ke andar rakhane mean samarth hokar bhi inhean kaboo mean nahian rakhata, vah inake lie hue pap ka ek-chauthaee bhag svayan bhogata hai.

13. shiksha ka prachar evan prasar

mahabharat s spasht hota hai ki raja sushikshit evan vidyanuragi hote the. mahabharat ke anusar shrotriy tatha vidvan brahmanoan ko vritti aur dan dena raja ke avashyak kary mane gaye haian.

14. rajy ka dharmik kary

mahabharat mean rajy ke adhipati dvara karane yogy dharmik krityoan ka barambar ullekh prapt hota hai. dhritarashtr yudhishthir ko adesh dete haian- dharm ko sammukh rakhana, isake sanrakshan evan sanchalan mean prasad n karana.

mahabharat ke parv

mahabharat ki mool abhikalpana mean atharah ki sankhya ka vishisht yog hai. kaurav aur pandav pakshoan ke madhy hue yuddh ki avadhi atharah din thi. donoan pakshoan ki senaoan ka sammilit sankhyabal bhi aththarah akshauhini tha. is yuddh ke pramukh sootradhar bhi aththarah hai. mahabharat ki prabandh yojana mean sampoorn granth ko atharah parvoan mean vibhakt kiya gaya hai aur mahabharat mean bhishm parv ke antargat varnit shrimadbhagavadgita mean bhi atharah adhyay haian.
sampoorn mahabharat atharah parvoan mean vibhakt hai ‘parv’ ka moolarth hai- gaanth ya jo d. poorv katha ko uttaravarti katha se jo dane ke karan mahabharat ke vibhajan ka yah namakaran yatharth hai. in parvoan ka namakaran, us kathanak ke mahattvapoorn patr ya ghatana ke adhar par kiya jata hai. mukhy parvoan mean pray: any bhi kee parv haian. (sampoorn mahabharat mean aise parvoan ki kul sankhya 100 hai) in parvoan ka punarvibhajan adhyayoan mean kiya gaya hai. parvoan aur adhyayoan ka akar asaman hai. kee parv bahut b de haian aur kee parv bahut chhote haian. adhyayoan mean bhi shlokoan ki sankhya aniyat hai. kinhian adhyayoan mean pachas se bhi kam shlok haian aur kinhian-kinhian mean sankhya do sau se bhi adhik hai. mukhy atharah parvoan ke nam is prakar haian:

chitr:Blockquote-open.gif mahabharat shaanti parv adhyay-82: krishna:- he devarshi ! jaise purush agriki ichchha se arani kashth mathata hai; vaise hi un jati-logoan ke kahe hue kathor vachanase mera hriday sada mathata tatha jalata hua rahata hai ॥6॥ he narad ! b de bhaee balaram sada bal se, gad sukumarata se aur pradyumn roopase matavale hue hai; isase in sahayakoan ke hote hue bhi maian asahay hua hooan. ॥7॥ age padhean:-krishna narad sanvad chitr:Blockquote-close.gif

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• adi parv
• sabha parv
• van parv
• virat parv
• udyog parv
• bhishm parv
• dron parv
• karn parv
• shaly parv
• sauptik parv
• stri parv
• shanti parv
• anushasan parv
• ashvamedhik parv
• ashramavasik parv
• mausal parv
• mahaprasthanik parv
• svargarohan parv.
  

lakshashlokatmak mahabharat ki sampoorti ke lie in atharah parvoan ke pashchat ‘khilaparv’ ke roop mean ‘harivansh puran’ ki yojana ki gayi hai. harivansh puran mean 3 parv haian-

• harivansh parv,
• vishnu parv,
• bhavishy parv.

in tinoan parvoan mean kul milakar 318 adhyay aur 12,000 shlok haian. mahabharat ka poorak to yah hai hi, svatantr roop se bhi isaka vishisht mahattv hai. santan-prapti ke lie harivansh puran ka shravan labhadayak mana gaya hai.

agni puran "mahabharat"

agni puran mean mahabharat ki sankshipt katha [[chitr:Jarasandh1.jpg|bhim-jarasandh yuddh|thumb]] agnidev kahate haian- ab maian shrikrishna ki mahima ko lakshit karane vala mahabharat ka upakhyan sunata hooan, jisamean shrihari ne pandavoan ko nimitt banakar is prithvi ka bhar utara tha. bhagavanh vishnu ke nabhikamal se brahmaji utpann hue. brahmaji se atri, atri se chandrama, chandrama se budh aur budh se ilanandan puroorava ka janm hua. puroorava se ayu, ayu se raja nahush aur nahush se yayati utpann hue. yayati se puroo hue. pooroo ke vansh mean bharat aur bharat ke kul mean raja kuru hue. kuru ke vansh mean shantanu ka janm hua. shantanu se ganganandan bhishm utpann hue. unake do chhote bhaee aur the-chitraangad aur vichitraviry. ye shantanu se satyavati ke garbh se utpann hue the. shantanu ke svargalok chale jane par bhishm ne avivahit rah kar apane bhaee vichitraviry ke rajy ka palan kiya. chitraangad balyavastha mean hi chitraangad nam vale gandharv ke dvara mare gaye. phir bhishm sangram mean vipakshi ko parast karake kashiraj ki do kanyaoan- ambika aur ambalika ko har laye. ve donoan vichitraviry ki bharyaean hueean. kuchh kal ke bad raja vichitraviry rajayakshma se grast ho svargavasi ho gaye. tab satyavati ki anumati se vyasaji ke dvara ambika ke garbh se raja dhritarashtr aur ambalika ke garbh se pandu utpann hue. dhritarashtr ne gandhari ke garbh se sau putroan ko janm diya, jinamean duryodhan sabase b da tha raja pandu van mean rahate the. ve ek rrishi ke shap vash shatashrriang muni ke ashram ke pas strisamagam ke karan mrityu ko prapt hue. (pandu shap ke hi karan stri-sambhog se door rahate the,) isaliye unaki ajna ke anusar kunti ke garbh se dharm ke aansh se yudhishthir ka janm hua. vayu se bhim aur indr se arjun utpann hue. pandu ki doosari patni madri ke garbh se ashvinikumaroan ke aansh se nakul-sahadev ka janm hua. (shapavash) ek din madri ke sath sambhog hone se pandu ki mrityu ho gayi aur madri bhi unake sath sati ho gayi. jab kunti ka vivah nahian hua tha, usi samay (soory ke aansh se) unake garbh se karn ka janm hua tha. vah duryodhan ke ashray mean rahata tha. daivayog se kauravoan aur pandavoan mean vair ki ag prajvalit ho uthi. duryodhan b di khoti buddhi ka manushy tha. usane laksha ke bane hue dhar mean pandavoan ko rakhakar ag lagakar unhean jalane ka prayatn kiya, kintu paanchoan pandav apani mata ke sath us jalate hue ghar se bahar nikal gaye. vahaan se ekachakra nagari mean jakar ve muni ke vesh mean ek brahman ke ghar mean nivas karane lage. phir bak namak rakshas ka vadh karake ve paanchal-rajy mean, jahaan draupadi ka svayanvar honevala tha, gaye. vahaan arjun ke bahubal se matsyabhed hone par paanchoan pandavoan ne draupadi ko patniroop mean prapt kiya. tatpashchat duryodhan adi ko unake jivit hone ka pata chalane par unhoanne kauravoan se apana adha rajy bhi prapt kar liya. arjun ne agnidev se divy gandiv dhanush aur uttam rath prapt kiya tha. unhean yuddh mean bhagavanh krishna-jaise sarathi mile the tatha unhoanne achary dron se brahmastr adi divy ayudh aur kabhi nasht n hone vale ban prapt kiye the. sabhi pandav sab prakar ki vidyaoan mean pravin the [[chitr:Bhishma1.jpg|thumb|left|mahabharat yuddh mean bhishm krishna ki pratijna bhang karavate hue]]

pandavoan ka vanavas

pandukumar arjun ne shrikrishna ke sath khandavavan mean indr ke dvara ki huee vrishti ka apane banoan ki (chhatrakar) baandh se nivaran karate hue agni ko tript kiya tha. pandavoan ne sampoorn dishaoan par vijay payian yudhishthir rajy karane lage. unhoanne prachur suvarnarashi se paripoorn rajasooy yajn ka anushthan kiya. unaka yah vaibhav duryodhan ke liye asahy ho utha. usane apane bhaee du:shasan aur vaibhav prapt suhridh karn ke kahane se shakuni ko sath le, dyoot-sabha mean jooe mean pravritt hokar, yudhishthir aur unake rajy ko kapat-dyoot ke dvara hansate-hansate jit liya. jooe mean parast hokar yudhishthir apane bhaiyoan ke sath van mean chale gaye. vahaan unhoanne apani pratijna ke anusar barah varsh vyatit kiye. ve van mean bhi pahale hi ki bhaanti pratidin bahusankhyak brahmanoan ko bhojan karate the. (ek din unhoanne) athasi hazar dvijoansahit durvasa ko (shrikrishna-kripa se) paritript kiya. vahaan unake sath unaki patni draupadi aur purohit dhaumyaji bhi the.

barahavaan varsh bitane par ve virat nagar mean gaye. vahaan yudhishthir sabase aparichit rahakar 'kank' namak brahman ke roop mean rahane lage. bhimasen rasoiya bane the. arjun ne apana nam 'brihannala' rakha tha. pandav patni draupadi ranivas mean sairandhri ke roop mean rahane lagi. isi prakar nakul-sahadev ne bhi apane nam badal liye the. bhimasen ne ratrikal mean draupadi ka satitv-haran karane ki ichchha rakhane vale kichak ko mar dala. tatpashchat kaurav virat ki gauoan ko harakar le jane lage, tab unhean arjun ne parast kiya. us samay kauravoan ne pandavoan ko pahachan liya. shrikrishna ki bahin subhadra ne arjun se abhimanyu namak putr ko utpann kiya tha use raja virat ne apani kanya uttara byah di

shrikrishna doot banakar gaye.

[[chitr:Krishna-Arjuna.jpg|thumb|mahabharat ke yuddh mean arjun ko samajhate huye shrikrishna]] dharmaraj yudhishthir sat akshauhini sena ke svami hokar kauravoan ke sath yuddh karane ko taiyar hue. pahale bhagavanh shrikrishna param krodhi duryodhan ke pas doot banakar gaye. unhoanne gyarah akshauhini sena ke svami raja duryodhan se kaha-

'rajanh! tum yudhishthir ko adha rajy de do ya unhean paanch hi gaanv arpit kar do; nahian to unake sath yuddh karo.'

shrikrishna ki bat sunakar duryodhan ne kaha- 'maian unhean suee ki nok ke barabar bhoomi bhi nahian dooanga; haan, unase yuddh avashy karooanga.'

aisa kahakar vah bhagavanh shrikrishna ko bandi banane ke liye udyat ho gaya. us samay rajasabha mean bhagavanh shrikrishna ne apane param durdharsh vishvaroop ka darshan karakar duryodhan ko bhayabhit kar diya. phir vidur ne apane ghar le jakar bhagavanh ka poojan aur satkar kiya.

tadanantar ve yudhishthir ke pas laut gaye aur bole-'maharaj! ap duryodhan ke sath yuddh kijiye'

kaurav aur pandavoan ka yuddh tatha usaka parinam

agnidev kahate haian- yudhishthir aur duryodhan ki senaean kurukshetr ke maidan mean ja datian. apane vipaksh mean pitamah bhishm tatha achary dron adi gurujanoan ko dekhakar arjun yuddh se virat ho gaye, tab bhagavanh shrikrishna ne unase kaha-"parth! bhishm adi gurujan shok ke yogy nahian haian. manushy ka sharir vinashashil hai, kiantu atma ka kabhi nash nahian hota. yah atma hi parabrahm hai.

'maian brahm hooan'- is prakar tum us atma ko samajho. kary ki siddhi aur asiddhi mean samanabhav se rahakar karmayog ka ashray le kshatradharm ka palan karo." [[chitr:Dronacharya.jpg|thumb|left|dhrishtadyumn dvara dronachary vadh]] shrikrishna ke aisa kahane par arjun ratharoodh ho yuddh mean pravritt hue. unhoanne shankhadhvani ki. duryodhan ki sena mean sabase pahale pitamah bhishm senapati hue. pandavoan ke senapati shikhandi the. in donoan mean bhari yuddh chhi d gaya. bhishmasahit kaurav paksh ke yoddha us yuddh mean pandav-paksh ke sainikoan par prahar karane lage aur shikhandi adi pandav- paksh ke vir kaurav-sainikoan ko apane banoan ka nishana banane lage.
kaurav aur pandav-sena ka vah yuddh, devasur-sangram ke saman jan p data tha. akash mean kh de hokar dekhane vale devataoan ko vah yuddh b da anandadayak pratit ho raha tha. bhishm ne das dinoan tak yuddh karake pandavoan ki adhikaansh sena ko apane banoan se mar giraya

bhishm dron vadh

dasavean din arjun ne viravar bhishm par banoan ki b di bhari vrishti ki. idhar drupad ki prerana se shikhandi ne bhi pani barasane vale megh ki bhaanti bhishm par banoan ki jh di laga di. donoan or ke hathisavar, ghu dasavar, rathi aur paidal ek-doosare ke banoan se mare gaye. bhishm ki mrityu unaki ichchha ke adhin thi. unhoanne yuddh ka marg dikhakar vasu-devata ke kahane par vasulok mean jane ki taiyari ki aur banashayya par so rahe. ve uttarayan ki pratiksha mean bhagavanh vishnu ka dhyan aur stavan karate hue samay vyatit karane lage. bhishm ke ban-shayya par gir jane ke bad jab duryodhan shok se vyakul ho utha, tab achary dron ne senapatitv ka bhar grahan kiya. udhar harsh manati huee pandavoan ki sena mean dhrishtadyumn senapati hue. un donoan mean b da bhayankar yuddh hua, jo yamalok ki abadi ko badhane vala tha. virat aur drupad adi raja dronaroopi samudr mean doob gaye. hathi, gho de, rath aur paidal sainikoan se yukt duryodhan ki vishal vahini dhrishtadyumn ke hath se mari jane lagi. us samay dron kal ke saman jan p date the. itane hi mean unake kanoan mean yah avaz ayi ki 'ashvatthama mara gaya'. itana sunate hi achary dron ne astr shastr tyag diye. aise samay mean dhrishtadyumn ke banoan se ahat hokar ve prithvi par gir p de

karn aur arjun

[[chitr:Bhim-Dushasan.jpg|thumb|bhim dvara du:shasan vadh]] dron b de hi durdharsh the. ve sampoorn kshatriyoan ka vinash karake paanch vean din mare gaye. duryodhan pun: shok se atur ho utha. us samay karn usaki sena ka karnadhar hua. pandav-sena ka adhipaty arjun ko mila. karn aur arjun mean bhaanti-bhaanti ke astr-shastroan ki mar-kat se yukt mahabhayanak yuddh hua, jo devasur-sangram ko bhi mat karane vala tha. karn aur arjun ke sangram mean karn ne apane banoan se shatru-paksh ke bahut-se viroan ka sanhar kar dala; kiantu doosare din arjun ne use mar giraya

draupadi ke paanchoan putroan ka vadh

tadanantar raja shaly kaurav-sena ke senapati hue, kiantu ve yuddh mean adhe din tak hi tik sake. dopahar hote-hote raja yudhishthir ne unhean mar giraya. duryodhan ki pray: sari sena yuddh mean mari gayi thi. antatogatva usaka bhimasen ke sath yuddh hua. usane pandav-paksh ke paidal adi bahut-se sainikoan ka vadh karake bhimasen par dhava kiya. us samay gada se prahar karate hue duryodhan ke any chhote bhaee bhi bhimasen ke hi hath se mare gaye the. mahabharat-sangram ke us atharahavean din ratrikal mean mahabali ashvatthama ne pandavoan ki soyi huee ek akshauhini sena ko sada ke liye sula diya. usane draupadi ke paanchoan putroan, usake paanchaladeshiy bandhuoan tatha dhrishtadyumn ko bhi jivit nahian chho da. draupadi putrahin hokar rone-bilakhane lagi. tab arjun ne siank ke astr se ashvatthama ko parast karake usake mastak ki mani nikal li. (use mara jata dekh draupadi ne hi anunay-vinay karake usake pran bachaye) [[chitr:Sanjaya-Dhritarashtra.jpg|thumb|left|dhritarashtr ko mahabharat ki ghatanaoan ka aankhoan dekha hal batate huye sanjay]]

viroan ka dah-sanskar

itane par bhi dusht ashvatthama ne uttara ke garbh ko nasht karane ke liye us par astr ka prayog kiya. vah garbh usake astr se pray: dagdh ho gaya tha; kiantu bhagavanh shrikrishna ne usako pun: jivan-dan diya. uttara ka vahi garbhasth shishu age chalakar raja parikshith ke nam se vikhyat hua. kritavarma, kripachary tatha ashvatthama- ye tin kauravapakshiy vir us sangram se jivit bache. doosari or paanch pandav, satyaki tatha bhagavan shrikrishna-ye sat hi jivit rah sake; doosare koee nahian bache. us samay sab or anatha striyoan ka artanad vyapt ho raha tha. bhimasen adi bhaiyoan ke sath jakar yudhishthir ne unhean santvana di tatha ranabhoomi mean mare gaye sabhi viroan ka dah-sanskar karake unake liye jalaanjali de dhan adi ka dan kiya. tatpashchat kurukshetr mean sharashayya par asin shantanunandan bhishm ke pas jakar yudhishthir ne unase samast shantidayak dharm, rajadharm (apaddharm), moksh dharm tatha danadharm ki batean sunian. phir ve rajasianhasan par asin hue. isake bad un shatrumardan raja ne ashvamedh yajn karake usamean brahmanoan ko bahut dhan dan kiya. tadanantar dvaraka se laute hue arjun ke mukh se moosalakand ke karan prapt hue shap se parasparik yuddh dvara yadavoan ke sanhar ka samachar sunakar yudhishthir ne parikshith ko rajasan par bithaya aur svayan bhaiyoan ke sath mahaprasthan kar svargalok ko chale gaye

• yadyapi is adhyay ke ant tak mahabharat ki poori katha samapt huee-si jan p dati hai, tathapi ashramavasik parv se lekar svargarohan parv tak ka vrittant kuchh vistar se kahana shesh rah gaya hai; isaliye agale (pandrahavean) adhyay mean use poora kiya gaya hai.

yadukul ka sanhar aur pandavoan ka svargagaman

[[chitr:Jaydrath-vadh.jpg|thumb|jayadrath vadh]] agnidev kahate haian- brahmanh! jab yudhishthir rajasianhasan par virajaman ho gaye, tab dhritarashtr grihasth-ashram se vanaprasth-ashram mean pravisht ho van mean chale gaye. (athava rrishiyoan ke ek ashram se doosare ashramoan mean hote hue ve van ko gaye.) unake sath devi gandhari aur pritha (kunti) bhi thian. vidur ji davanal se dagdh ho svarg sidhare. is prakar bhagavanh vishnu ne prithvi ka bhar utara aur dharm ki sthapana tatha adharm ka nash karane ke liye pandavoan ko nimitt banakar danav-daity adi ka sanhar kiya. tatpashchat bhoomika bhar badhane vale yadavakul ka bhi brahmanoan ke shap ke bahane moosal ke dvara sanhar kar dala. aniruddh ke putr vajr ko raja ke pad par abhishikt kiya. tadanantar devataoan ke anurodh se prabhasakshetr mean shrihari svayan hi sthool sharir ki lila ka sanvaran karake apane dham ko padhare

ve indralok aur brahmalok mean svargavasi devataoan dvara poojit hote haian. balabhadr ji sheshanag ke svaroop the, at: unhoanne patalaroopi svarg ka ashray liya. avinashi bhagavan shrihari dhyani purushoan ke dhyey haian. unake antardhan ho jane par samudr ne unake niji nivasasthan ko chho d kar shesh dvarakapuri ko apane jal mean duba diya. arjun ne mare hue yadavoan ka dah-sanskar karake unake liye jalaanjali di aur dhan adi ka dan kiya. bhagavanh shrikrishna ki raniyoan ko, jo pahale apsaraean thian aur ashtavakr ke shap se manaviroop mean prakat huee thian, lekar hastinapur ko chale. marg mean dande liye hue gvaloan ne arjun ka tiraskar karake un sabako chhin liya. yah bhi ashtavakr ke shap se hi sambhav hua tha. isase arjun ke man mean b da shok hua. phir maharshi vyas ke santvana dene par unhean yah nishchay hua ki 'bhagavanh shrikrishna ke samip rahane se hi mujhamean bal tha.' hastinapur mean akar unhoanne bhaiyoan sahit raja yudhishthir se, jo us samay prajavarg ka palan karate the, yah sab samachar nivedan kiya. ve bole-

'bhaiya! vahi dhanush hai, ve hi ban haian, vahi rath hai aur ve hi gho de haian, kiantu bhagavanh shrikrishna ke bina sab kuchh usi prakar nasht ho gaya, jaise ashrotriy ko diya hua dan.' yah sunakar dharmaraj yudhishthir ne rajy par parikshith ko sthapit kar diya [[chitr:karn1.jpg|thumb|left|mahabharat yuddh mean karn ki viragati]] isake bad buddhimanh raja sansar ki anityata ka vichar karake draupadi tatha bhaiyoan ko sath le mahaprasthan ke path par agrasar hue. marg mean ve shrihari ke ashtottarashat namoan ka jap karate hue yatra karate the. us mahapath mean kramash: draupadi, sahadev, nakul, arjun aur bhimasen ek-ek karake gir p de. isase raja shokamagn ho gaye. tadanantar ve indr ke dvara laye hue rath par aroodh ho (divy roop dhari) bhaiyoan sahit svarg ko chale gaye. vahaan unhoanne duryodhan adi sabhi dhritarashtraputroan ko dekha. tadanantar (un par kripa karane ke liye apane dham se padhare hue) bhagavanh vasudev ka bhi darshan kiya isase unhean b di prasannata hueean yah maianne tumhean mahabharat ka prasang sunaya hai. jo isaka path karega, vah svargalok mean sammanit hoga.

uttaragita

mukhy lekh : uttaragita

'uttaragita' mahabharat ka hi ek aansh mana jata hai. prasiddh hai ki pandavoan ki vijay aur rajy prapti ke bad shri krishna ke satsang ka suavasar pakar ek bar arjun ne kaha ki bhagavan! yuddharambh mean apane jo gita-upadesh mujhako diya tha, yuddh ki mar-kat aur bhag-dau d ke bich maian bhool gaya hooan. kripa kar vah jnanopadesh mujhako phir se suna dijie.

dhritarashtr- vanagaman

[[chitr:Vyasadeva-Sanjaya-Krishna.jpg|thumb|sanjay ko divyadrishti pradan karate huye vedavyas ji]]

mukhy lekh : dhritarashtr ka vanagaman

paandavoan ne vijayi hone ke uparaant dhritarashtr tatha gaandhari ki poorn tanmayata se seva ki. paandavoan mean se bhimasen aise the jo sabaki chori se dhritarashtr ko apriy lagane vale kam karate rahate the, kabhi-kabhi sevakoan se bhi dhrishtatapoorn mantranaean karavate the. dhritarashtr dhire-dhire do din ya char din mean ek bar bhojan karane lage. pandrah varsh bad unhean itana vairagy hua ki ve van jane ke lie chhatapatane lage. ve aur gaandhari yudhishthir tatha vyas muni se ajna lekar van mean chale gaye.

saty brahman ki katha

mukhy lekh : saty

1. saty namak brahman anek yajnoan tatha tapoan se vyast rahata tha.
2. usaki patni (pushkar dharini) usake hiansak yajnoan se sahamat nahian thi, tathapi usake shap ke bhay se yajn patni ka sthan grahan karati thi.

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