कर्मभूमि -प्रेमचंद
karmabhoomi -premachand
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| lekhak | muanshi premachand |
| mool shirshak | karmabhoomi |
| prakashak | bhoomika prakashan |
| prakashan tithi | 1932 |
| desh | bharat |
| prishth: | 296 |
| bhasha | hindi |
| vishay | samajik, yatharthavadi |
| prakar | upanyas |
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premachand dvara rachit 'karmabhoomi' namak upanyas sanh 1932 mean prakashit hua tha. yah rajanitik kathanak par adharit upanyas hai.
- upanyas ke patr
premachandr ka yah upanyas paanch bhagoan mean vibhajit hai. is upanyas mean lala samarakaant, unake putr amarakaant, putravadhu sukhada, renukaant (sukhada ka putr), putri naina sakina, haphiz halim aur unake putr salim, dhaniram aur unake putr maniram, d aau. shaantikumar aur svami atmanand, good d, prayag, kashi, saloni aur munni adi ki kahani hai. karmabhoomi mean parivaroan ki katha hai. isamean premachand deshanurag, samaj- sudhar, mathira- nivaran, achhootoddhar, shiksha, gariboan ke lie makanoan ki samasya, desh ke prati karttavy, jan- jagriti adi ki or sanket karate haian. krishakoan ki samasya upanyas mean hai to, kiantu vah pramukh nahian ho payi. sampoorn katha ka kary- kshetr pradhanat: kashi aur haridvar ke pas ka dehati ilaqa hai.
- rajanitik upanyas
premachand ka karmabhoomi upanyas ek rajanitik upanyas hai jisamean vibhinn rajanitik samasyaoan ko kuchh parivaroan ke madhyam se prastut kiya gaya hai. ye parivar yadyapi apani parivarik samasyaoan se joojh rahe haian tathapi tatkalin rajanitik andolan mean bhag le rahe haian. upanyas ka kathanak kashi aur usake as-pas ke gaanvoan se sanbandhit hai. andolan donoan hi jagah hota hai aur donoan ka uddeshy kranti hai. kintu yah kranti gaandhi ji ke satyagrah se prabhavit hai. gaandhiji ka kahana tha ki jeloan ko itana bhar dena chahie ki unamean jagah n rahe aur is prakar shakti aur ahiansa se aangrej sarakar parajit ho jae.[1]
- samasya
is upanyas ki mool samasya yahi hai. upanyas ke sabhi patr jeloan mean thoos die jate haian. is tarah premachand kranti ke vyapak paksh ka chitran karate hue tatkalin sabhi rajanitik evan samajik samasyaoan ko kathanak se jo d dete haian. nirdhanoan ke makan ki samasya, achhootoddhar ki samasya, achhootoan ke mandir mean pravesh ki samasya, bharatiy nariyoan ki maryada aur satitv ki raksha ki samasya, british samrajy ke daman chakr se utpann samasyaean, bharatiy samaj mean vyapt dharmik pakhand ki samasya punarjagaran aur navin chetana ke samaj mean sancharan ki samasya, rashtr ke lie andolan karane valoan ki parivarik samasyaean adi is upanyas mean b de yatharthavadi tarike se vyakt huee haian.[1]
- kathanak
amarakaant banaras ke rees samarakaant ke putr haian. ve vidyarthi- jivan se hi sarvajanik jivan mean kary karane ke shaukin haian. apane mitr salim ki arthik sahayata bhi karate rahate haian. prarambh mean unake lobhi pita ke adarshoan mean kafi aantar bana rahata hai. amarakaant ka vivah lakhanoo ke ek dhani parivar ki ekamatr santan sukhada se ho jata hai, kiantu donoan ke drishtikonoan mean samy nahian hai. sath-sath rahate hue bhi donoan ko ek - doosare se prem nahian hai. sukhada ko apane pati ka khadi bechana aur sarvajanik kary pasand nahian. patni se prem n pakar amarakaant sakina ki muhabbat mean p d jate hai. ve pahale se hi d aauktar shaantikumar ke sath kashi mean kary karate the. gore sipahiyoan dvara sataee gayi munni ke muqadame ke sambandh mean unhoanne kafi kary kiya. vyavaharikata aur ardash mean sangharsh hone ke karan apane pita tatha sukhada se unaka pahale se hi ji ooba hua tha, lekin jab sakina ke sath unaka premapoorn vyavahar dekhakar pathanin ne unhean phatakara to ve shahar chho dakar chale gaye.
- haridvar mean
shahar chho dakar ve haridvar ke pas ek aise dehati ilake mean pahuanche chahaan murdakhor aur achhoot kahe jane vale log aur kisan rahate the. ve saloni ke yahaan rahate hue good d, prayag, kashi adi ke sampark mean aye aur gaanvavaloan mean shiksha, achchhi- achchhi adatoan, saphaee adi ka prachar karane prachar karane lage. yahaan rahate hue unaki munni se bheant huee. donoan mean paraspar akarshan bhi utpann hua. kashi se aye atmanand se unhean apane seva- kary mean barabar sahayat prapt hoti rahati thi. krishakoan ki sahayata ke lie ve mahant asharam giri se mile kiantu unhean adhik saphalata prapt n huee kiantu kashi mean sukhada ke tyag samachar sunakar bhi ve uttejit ho uthate haian aur laganabandi ka aandolan shuroo kar dete haian. unaka purana mitr salim, ab aee. si. es. aauphisar aur us ilake ka iancharj, unhean pak d le jata hai. kiantu lala samarakaant, jinamean ab parivartan ho chuka tha, jan - seva ki or mu dakar usi ilake mean pahuanch jate haian aur kisan - andolan ke silasile mean karavas dand bhi bhugatate haian. unake prabhav se salim ke hriday mean bhi parivartan ho jata hai. vah svany andolan ki bagador samhalata hai aur aant mean pak da jata hai. tatpashchat munni aur sakina (vah bhi us ilake mean pahuanch jati hai) bhi giraftar ho jati haian. ugr atmanand bhi sarakari shikanje se bach nahian pate.
- kashi mean
udhar kashi ke mandiroan mean achhootoan ke pravesh, gariboan ke lie makan banavane adi samasyaoan ko lekar andolan chhi d jata hai aur sarakar se sangharsh hota hai. is andolan ka sanchalan sukhada, pathanin, renukadevi aur yahaan tak ki samarakaant bhi karate haian. ye sab aur d aauktar shaantikumar jel-yatra karate haian. naina bhi vahaan a jati hai aur ek jaloos ka netritv karate hue chuangi ki or jati hai. vahaan usaka pati maniram use goli mar deta hai. usaki mrityu se chuangi ke membaroan mean bhi hriday - parirvatan ho jata hai aur ve gariboan ke makanoan ke lie zamin de dete haian. jo andolan sukhada ne prarambh kiya tha, usaka aant naina ki bali se hota hai. lakhanoo ke sentral jel mean amarakaant, munni, sakina, sukhada, pathanin, renuka adi sab mil jate haian. dhaniram ka putr maniram mrityu ko prapt hota hai.
- aant
aant mean seth dhaniram ki madhyasthata se sarakar dvara ek kameti niyukt ho jati hai jo sarakar se milakar kisanoan aur gariboan ki samasyaoan par vichar karegi. us kameti mean amar aur salim to rahate hi haian, unake atirikt tin any sadasyoan ko chunane ka unhean adhikar diya gaya. sarakar ne bhi us kameti mean do sadasyoan apane rakhe. yah samajhaute vali niti 1930 ke kaangres aur sarakar ke asthayi samajhaute ke prabhav ke roop mean hai. sarakar tab kaidiyoan ko chho d deti hai. amarakaant, sakina aur munni ko bahan ke roop mean svikar karate haian aur amarakaant aur sukhada ek doosare ka mahattv pahachanate haian.
- premachand ki rachana kaushal
premachand ki rachana kaushal is tathy mean hai ki unhoanne in samasyaoan ka chitran satyanubhooti se prerit hokar kiya hai ki upanyas padhate samay tatkalin rashtriy satyagrah andolan pathak ki aankhoan ke samaksh sajiv ho jata haian. chhatroan tatha ghatanaoan ki bahulata ke bavajood upanyas n kahian bojhil hota hai n kahian niras. premachand har patr aur ghatana ki dor apane hath mean rakhate haian isalie kahian shithilata nahian ane dete. adarshonmukh yatharthavad se otaprot karmabhoomi upanyas premachand ki ek praudh rachana hai jo har tarah se prabhavashali ban p di hai.[1]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 karmabhoomi (hindi). . abhigaman tithi: 15 joon, 2011.
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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