प्रेमचंद के साहित्य की विशेषताएँ

premachand vishay soochi

premachand    jivani    vyaktitv    sahityik jivan    sahity ki visheshataean    premachand ke patr    svarnim yug    premachand aur sinema    shishy ki nazar mean premachand    anamol vachan

premachand ke sahity ki visheshataean
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poora nam	muanshi premachand
any nam	navab ray
janm	31 julaee, 1880
janm bhoomi	lamahi gaanv, varanasi, uttar pradesh
mrityu	8 aktoobar 1936
mrityu sthan	varanasi, uttar pradesh
abhibhavak	muanshi ajayab lal aur anandi devi
pati/patni	shivarani devi
santan	shripat ray aur amrit ray (putr)
karm bhoomi	gorakhapur
karm-kshetr	adhyapak, lekhak, upanyasakar
mukhy rachanaean	gaban, godan, b de ghar ki beti, namak ka daroga adi
vishay	samajik
bhasha	hindi
vidyalay	ilahabad vishvavidyalay
shiksha	snatak
prasiddhi	upanyas samrat
nagarikata	bharatiy
sahityik	adarshonmukh yatharthavad
andolan	pragatishil lekhak andolan
any janakari	premachand unaka sahityik nam tha aur bahut varshoan bad unhoanne yah nam apanaya tha. unaka vastavik nam ‘dhanapat ray’ tha. jab unhoanne sarakari seva karate hue kahani likhana arambh kiya, tab unhoanne navab ray nam apanaya. bahut se mitr unhean jivan-paryant navab ke nam se hi sambodhit karate rahe.
inhean bhi dekhean	kavi soochi, sahityakar soochi

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premachand ki rachana-drishti, vibhinn sahity roopoan mean, abhivyakt huee. vah bahumukhi pratibha sanpann sahityakar the. premachand ki rachanaoan mean tatkalin itihas bolata hai. unhoanne apani rachanaoan mean jan sadharan ki bhavanaoan, paristhitiyoan aur unaki samasyaoan ka marmik chitran kiya. unaki kritiyaan bharat ke sarvadhik vishal aur vistrit varg ki kritiyaan haian. apani kahaniyoan se premachand manav-svabhav ki adharabhoot mahatta par bal dete haian. ‘b de ghar ki beti,’ anandi, apane devar se aprasann huee, kyoanki vah ganvar usase karkashata se bolata hai aur us par khianchakar kh daooan pheankata hai. jab use anubhav hota hai ki unaka parivar toot raha hai aur usaka devar paritap se bhara hai, tab vah use kshama kar deti hai aur apane pati ko shaant karati hai. isi prakar 'namak ka daroga' bahut eemanadar vyakti hai. ghoos dekar use biga dane mean sabhi asamarth haian. sarakar use, sakhti se uchit karravaee karane ke karan, naukari se barkhast kar deti hai, kintu jis seth ki ghoos usane asvikar ki thi, vah use apane yahaan ooanche pad par niyukt karata hai. vah apane yahaan eemanadar aur kartavyaparayan karmachari rakhana chahata hai. is prakar premachand ke sansar mean satkarm ka phal sukhad hota hai. vastavik jivan mean aisi ashcharyaprad ghatanaean kam ghatati haian. gaanv ka panch bhi vyaktigat vidvesh aur shikayatoan ko bhoolakar sachcha nyay karata hai. usaki atma use isi disha mean thelati hai. asankhy bhedoan, poorvagrahoan, andhavishvasoan, jat-paant ke jhag doan aur hathadharmiyoan se jarjar gram-samaj mean bhi aisa nyay-dharm kalpanatit lagata hai. hindi mean premachand ki kahaniyoan ka ek sangrah bambee ke ek suprasiddh prakashan grih, hindi granth-ratnakar ne prakashit kiya. yah sangrah ‘navanidhi’ shirshak se nikala aur isamean ‘raja haradaul’ aur ‘rani sarandha’ jaisi bundel virata ki suprasiddh kahaniyaan shamil thian. thumb|left|250px|muanshi premachand

rachanaoan ki rooparekha

isake kuchh samay ke bad premachand ne hindi mean kahaniyoan ka ek aur sangrah prakashit kiya. is sangrah ka shirshak tha ‘prem-poornima’. ‘b de ghar ki beti’ aur ‘panch parameshvar’ ki hi parampara ki ek aur adbhut kahani ‘eeshvariy nyay’ is sangrah mean thi. shayad kam log janate hai ki prakhyat kathakar muanshi premachand apani mahanh rachanaoan ki rooparekha pahale aangrezi mean likhate the aur isake bad use hindi athava urdoo mean anoodit kar vistarit karate the. bhopal sthit bahukala keandr bharat bhavan ki rajat jayanti ke upalakshy par premachand ke vyaktitv evan krititv par yahaan ayojit sat divasiy pradarshani mean is tathy ka khulasa karate hue unaki kee hindi evan urdoo rachanaoan ki aangrezi mean likhi rooparekhaean pradarshit ki gee haian. pradarshani ke sanyojak aur hindi ke samalochak d aau. kamal kishor goyanaka ne is avasar par kaha ki premachand hindi aur urdoo ke sath-sath aangrezi bhasha ke achchhe janakar the. d aau. goyanaka ne bataya ki premachand apani kritiyoan ki rooparekha pahale aangrezi mean hi likhate the. usake bad usaka anuvad karate hue hindi ya urdoo mean rachana poori kar dete the. d aau. goyanaka ne kaha ki premachand ne apani mahanh kriti 'godan' ki bhi rooparekha pahale aangrezi mean likhi thi jisaki mool prati yahaan pradarshani mean lagaee gee hai. unake ek alikhit upanyas ki rooparekha bhi aangrezi mean likhi huee unhean mili hai. premachand ne rang bhoomi aur kayakalp upanyasoan ki rooparekha bhi aangrezi mean likhi thi. unaki dayari bhi aangrezi mean likhi huee mili hai. vahian, pradarshani mean pandit javahar lal neharoo ke apani putri ko aangrezi mean likhe ge patroan ka anuvad hindi mean karane ke achary narendr dev ka premachand ko likha gaya agrah patr bhi rakha gaya hai. premachand ne pan neharoo ke in patroan ko hindi mean roopantarit kiya tha. dilli vishvavidyalay mean prophesar rahe d aau. goyanaka ne kaha ki varsh 1972 mean premachand par pi.ech.di karane ke bad unhoanne premachand dvara rachit 1500 se adhik prishthoan ka aprapy sahity khoja. isamean 30 nee kahaniyaan milian. prophesar mahavir saran jain ne premachand ke katha-sahity ke bhashik svaroop ka vishleshan kiya.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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sanbandhit lekh

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