प्रेमचंद

premachand vishay soochi

premachand    jivani    vyaktitv    sahityik jivan    sahity ki visheshataean    premachand ke patr    svarnim yug    premachand aur sinema    anamol vachan

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premachand
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poora nam	muanshi premachand
any nam	navab ray
janm	31 julaee, 1880
janm bhoomi	lamahi gaanv, varanasi, uttar pradesh
mrityu	8 aktoobar 1936
mrityu sthan	varanasi, uttar pradesh
abhibhavak	muanshi ajayab lal aur anandi devi
pati/patni	shivarani devi
santan	shripat ray aur amrit ray (putr)
karm bhoomi	gorakhapur
karm-kshetr	adhyapak, lekhak, upanyasakar
mukhy rachanaean	gaban, godan, b de ghar ki beti, namak ka daroga adi
vishay	samajik
bhasha	hindi
vidyalay	ilahabad vishvavidyalay
shiksha	snatak
prasiddhi	upanyas samrat
nagarikata	bharatiy
sahityik	adarshonmukh yatharthavad
andolan	pragatishil lekhak andolan
any janakari	premachand unaka sahityik nam tha aur bahut varshoan bad unhoanne yah nam apanaya tha. unaka vastavik nam ‘dhanapat ray’ tha. jab unhoanne sarakari seva karate hue kahani likhana arambh kiya, tab unhoanne navab ray nam apanaya. bahut se mitr unhean jivan-paryant navab ke nam se hi sambodhit karate rahe.
inhean bhi dekhean	kavi soochi, sahityakar soochi

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muanshi premachand (aangrezi: Munshi Premchand, janm: 31 julaee, 1880 - mrityu: 8 aktoobar, 1936) bharat ke upanyas samrat mane jate haian jinake yug ka vistar sanh 1880 se 1936 tak hai. yah kalakhand bharat ke itihas mean bahut mahattv ka hai. is yug mean bharat ka svatantrata-sangram nee manziloan se guzara. premachand ka vastavik nam dhanapat ray shrivastav tha. ve ek saphal lekhak, deshabhakt nagarik, kushal vakta, zimmedar sanpadak aur sanvedanashil rachanakar the. bisavian shati ke poorvarddh mean jab hindi mean kam karane ki takaniki suvidhaean nahian thian phir bhi itana kam karane vala lekhak unake siva koee doosara nahian hua.

jivan parichay

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

premachand ka janm varanasi se lagabhag char mil door, lamahi nam ke gaanv mean 31 julaee, 1880 ko hua. premachand ke pitaji muanshi ajayab lal aur mata anandi devi thian. premachand ka bachapan gaanv mean bita tha. ve natakhat aur khila di balak the aur khetoan se shak-sabzi aur pe doan se phal churane mean daksh the. unhean mithaee ka b da shauq tha aur vishesh roop se gu d se unhean bahut prem tha. bachapan mean unaki shiksha-diksha lamahi mean huee aur ek maulavi sahab se unhoanne urdoo aur farasi padhana sikha. ek rupaya churane par ‘bachapan’ mean un par buri tarah mar p di thi. unaki kahani, ‘kazaki’, unaki apani bal-smritiyoan par adharit hai. kazaki dak-vibhag ka harakara tha aur b di lambi-lambi yatraean karata tha. vah balak premachand ke lie sadaiv apane sath kuchh saugat lata tha. kahani mean vah bachche ke liye hiran ka chhauna lata hai aur dakaghar mean deri se pahuanchane ke karan naukari se alag kar diya jata hai. hiran ke bachche ke pichhe dau date-dau date vah ati vilamb se dak ghar lauta tha. kazaki ka vyaktitv atishay manaviyata mean dooba hai. vah shalinata aur atmasamman ka putala hai, kintu manaviy karuna se usaka hriday bhara hai.

chitr:Blockquote-open.gif premachand ji kahate haian ki samaj mean zinda rahane mean jitani kathinaiyoan ka samana log kareange utana hi vahaan gunah hoga. agar samaj mean log khushahal hoange to samaj mean achchhaee zyada hogi aur samaj mean gunah nahian ke barabar hoga. premachand ne shoshitavarg ke logoan ko uthane ka har sanbhav prayas kiya. unhoanne avaz lagaee 'e logo jab tumhean sansar mean rahana hai to jindoan ki tarah raho, murdoan ki tarah zinda rahane se kya fayada.' chitr:Blockquote-close.gif

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vyaktitv

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

sada evan saral jivan ke malik premachand sada mast rahate the. unake jivan mean vishamataoan aur katutaoan se vah lagatar khelate rahe. is khel ko unhoanne bazi man liya jisako hamesha jitana chahate the. kaha jata hai ki premachand hanso d prakriti ke malik the. vishamataoan bhare jivan mean hanso d hona ek bahadur ka kam hai. isase is bat ko bhi samajha ja sakata hai ki vah apoorv jivani-shakti ka dyotak the. saralata, saujany aur udarata ki vah moorti the. jahaan unake hriday mean mitroan ke lie udar bhav tha vahian unake hriday mean gariboan evan pi ditoan ke lie sahanubhooti ka athah sagar tha. premachand uchchakoti ke manav the. inako gaanv jivan se achchha prem tha. vah sada sadharan ganvee libas mean rahate the. jivan ka adhikaansh bhag unhoanne gaanv mean hi guzara. bahar se bilkul sadharan dikhane vale premachand andar se jivani-shakti ke malik the. andar se jara sa bhi kisi ne dekha to use prabhavit hona hi tha. vah adambar evan dikhava se miloan door rahate the. jivan mean n to unako vilas mila aur n hi unako isaki tamanna thi. tamam mahapurushoan ki tarah apana kam svayan karana pasand karate the.

sahityik jivan

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

premachand unaka sahityik nam tha aur bahut varshoan bad unhoanne yah nam apanaya tha. unaka vastavik nam ‘dhanapat ray’ tha. jab unhoanne sarakari seva karate hue kahani likhana arambh kiya, tab unhoanne navab ray nam apanaya. bahut se mitr unhean jivan-paryant navab ke nam se hi sambodhit karate rahe. unhoanne hindi mean shekh sadi par ek chhoti-si pustak likhi thi, t aaulsat aauy ki kuchh kahaniyoan ka hindi mean anuvad kiya tha aur ‘prem-pachisi’ ki kuchh kahaniyoan ka roopantar bhi hindi mean kar rahe the. ye kahaniyaan ‘sapt-saroj’ shirshak se hindi sansar ke samane sarvapratham sanh 1917 mean ayian. ye sat kahaniyaan thian:-

chitr:Blockquote-open.gif shayad kam log janate haian ki prakhyat kathakar muanshi premachand apani mahanh rachanaoan ki rooparekha pahale aangrezi mean likhate the aur isake bad use hindi athava urdoo mean anoodit kar vistarit karate the. chitr:Blockquote-close.gif

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1. b de ghar ki beti
2. saut
3. sajjanata ka dand
4. panch parameshvar
5. namak ka daroga
6. upadesh
7. pariksha

premachand ki sarvashreshth kahaniyoan mean in kahaniyoan ki ganana hoti hai.

sahity ki visheshataean

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

premachand ki rachana-drishti, vibhinn sahity roopoan mean, abhivyakt huee. vah bahumukhi pratibha sanpann sahityakar the. premachand ki rachanaoan mean tatkalin itihas bolata hai. unhoanne apani rachanaoan mean jan sadharan ki bhavanaoan, paristhitiyoan aur unaki samasyaoan ka marmik chitran kiya. unaki kritiyaan bharat ke sarvadhik vishal aur vistrit varg ki kritiyaan haian. apani kahaniyoan se premachand manav-svabhav ki adharabhoot mahatta par bal dete haian. ‘b de ghar ki beti,’ anandi, apane devar se aprasann huee, kyoanki vah ganvar usase karkashata se bolata hai aur us par khianchakar kh daooan pheankata hai. jab use anubhav hota hai ki unaka parivar toot raha hai aur usaka devar paritap se bhara hai, tab vah use kshama kar deti hai aur apane pati ko shaant karati hai.

premachand ke patr

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

premachand ne apane jivan-kal mean hazaroan patr likhe hoange, lekin unake jo patr kal ka gras banane se bache rah ge aur jo samprati upalabdh haian, unamean sarvadhik patr ve haian jo unhoanne apane kal ki lokapriy urdoo masik patrika ‘zamana’ ke yashasvi sampadak muanshi dayanarayan nigam ko likhe the. yoan to muanshi dayanarayan nigam premachand se do varsh chhote the lekin premachand unako sada b de bhaee jaisa samman dete rahe. in donoan vibhootiyoan ke parasparik sambandhoan ko paribhashit karana to atyant durooh kary hai, lekin premachand ke is adar bhav ka karan yah pratit hota hai ki premachand ko sahityik sansar mean pahachan dilane ka mahaniy kary nigam sahab ne unako ‘zamana’ mean nirantar prakashit karake hi sampadit kiya tha, aur us kal ki patrikaoan mean to yahaan tak prakashit hua ki premachand ko premachand banane ka shrey yadi kisi ko hai to muanshi dayanarayan nigam ko hi hai.

premachand ka svarnim yug

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

premachand ki upanyas-kala ka yah svarn yug tha. sanh 1931 ke arambh mean gaban prakashit hua tha. 16 aprail, 1931 ko premachand ne apani ek aur mahanh rachana, karmabhoomi shuroo ki. yah agast, 1932 mean prakashit huee. premachand ke patroan ke anusar sanh 1932 mean hi vah apana antim mahanh upanyas, godan likhane mean lag gaye the, yadyapi ‘hans’ aur ‘jagaran’ se sambandhit anek kathinaiyoan ke karan isaka prakashan joon, 1936 mean hi sambhav ho saka. apani antim bimari ke dinoan mean unhoanne ek aur upanyas, ‘mangalasootr’, likhana shuroo kiya tha, kintu akal mrityu ke karan yah apoorn rah gaya. ‘gaban’, ‘karmabhoomi’ aur ‘godan’- upanyasatrayi par vishv ke kisi bhi kritikar ko garv ho sakata hai. ‘karmabhoomi’ apani kraantikari chetana ke karan vishesh mahattvapoorn hai.

chitr:Blockquote-open.gif premachand unaka sahityik nam tha aur bahut varshoan bad unhoanne yah nam apanaya tha. unaka vastavik nam ‘dhanapat ray’ tha. jab unhoanne sarakari seva karate hue kahani likhana arambh kiya, tab unhoanne navab ray nam apanaya. bahut se mitr unhean jivan-paryant 'navab' ke nam se hi sambodhit karate rahe. chitr:Blockquote-close.gif

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premachand aur sinema

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

premachand hindi sinema ke sabase adhik lokapriy sahityakaroan mean se haian. unake dehaant ke do varshoan bad ke. subramanyam ne 1938 mean sevasadan upanyas par film banaee jisamean subbulakshmi ne mukhy bhoomika nibhaee thi. premachand ki kuchh kahaniyoan par aur filmean bhi bani haian, jaise satyajit ray ki film shataranj ke khila di premachand ne mazadoor shirshak film ke lie sanvad likhe. film ke svamiyoan ne kahani ki rooparekha taiyar ki thi. film mean ek desh-premi mil-malik ki katha thi, kintu seansar ko yah bhi sahan n ho saka. phir bhi film ka pradarshan panjab, dilli, uttar pradesh aur madhy pradesh mean hua. film ka mazadooroan par itana asar hua ki pulis bulani p d gee. aant mean film ke pradarshan par bharat sarakar ne rok laga di. is film mean premachand svayan bhi kuchh kshan ke lie rajatapat par avatirn hue. mazadooroan aur malikoan ke bich ek sangharsh mean ve panch ki bhoomika mean ae the. ek lekh mean premachand ne sinema ki halat par apana bharapoor rosh aur asantosh vyakt kiya hai. vah sahity ke dhyey ki tulana karate haian:

chitr:Blockquote-open.gif sahity ke bhavoan ki jo uchchata, bhasha ki praudhata aur spashtata, sundarata ki jo sadhana hoti hai, vah hamean sinema mean nahian milati. chitr:Blockquote-close.gif - premachand

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puraskar

thumb|premachand ke samman mean jari dak tikat muanshi premachand ki smriti mean bharatiy dak vibhag ki or se 31 julaee, 1980 ko unaki janmashati ke avasar par 30 paise mooly ka ek dak tikat jari kiya. gorakhapur ke jis skool mean ve shikshak the, vahaan premachand sahity sansthan ki sthapana ki gee hai. isake baramade mean ek bhittilekh hai jisaka chitr dahini or diya gaya hai. yahaan unase sanbandhit vastuoan ka ek sangrahalay bhi hai. jahaan unaki ek vakshapratima bhi hai. premachand ki patni shivarani devi ne premachand ghar mean nam se unaki jivani likhi aur unake vyaktitv ke us hisse ko ujagar kiya hai, jisase log anabhijn the. unake hi bete amrit ray ne 'qalam ka sipahi' nam se pita ki jivani likhi hai. unaki sabhi pustakoan ke aangrezi v urdoo roopaantar to hue hi haian, chini, roosi adi anek videshi bhashaoan mean unaki kahaniyaan lokapriy huee haian.

alochana

premachand ki badhati huee khyati se kuchh vyaktiyoan ke man mean b di kudhan aur eershya ho rahi thi. inamean se ek, shri avadh upadhyay ne premachand ke viruddh sahityik chori ka abhiyog lagaya aur unake viruddh chhah mahine tak lekh likhe. bijaganit ke many farmooloan se ve siddh karate rahe ki-

k+kh+g / d = p+ph+b / gh

yani premachand ki 1/3 sofiya thaikare ki ¼ amiliya ka smaran dilati hai. ek aur asaphal kathakar ne alochak ka bana dharan karate hue premachand ko ‘ghrina ka pracharak’ kaha tha.

mrityu

aantim dinoan ke ek varsh ko chho dakar (sanh 1934-35 jo muanbee ki filmi duniya mean bita), unaka poora samay varanasi aur lakhanoo mean guzara, jahaan unhoanne anek patr-patrikaoan ka sanpadan kiya aur apana sahity-srijan karate rahe. 8 aktoobar, 1936 ko jalodar rog se unaka dehavasan hua. is tarah vah dip sada ke lie bujh gaya jisane apani jivan ki batti ko kan-kan jalakar bharatiyoan ka path alokit kiya.

1. REDIRECTsaancha:inhean bhi dekhean

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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bahari k diyaan

• premachand ki jivani (yoo-tyoob vidiyo)
• premachand
• premachand ki jivani
• premachand ki kahaniyaan
• upanyas samrat muanshi premachand
• premachand ka katha-sahityah bhavagat aur bhashik pradey
• prophesar mahavir saran jain ka alekh- premachand ka katha-sahityah bhavagat aur bhashik pradey

sanbandhit lekh

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