प्रेमचंद का स्वर्णिम युग

premachand vishay soochi

premachand    jivani    vyaktitv    sahityik jivan    sahity ki visheshataean    premachand ke patr    svarnim yug    premachand aur sinema    shishy ki nazar mean premachand    anamol vachan

premachand ka svarnim yug
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poora nam	muanshi premachand
any nam	navab ray
janm	31 julaee, 1880
janm bhoomi	lamahi gaanv, varanasi, uttar pradesh
mrityu	8 aktoobar 1936
mrityu sthan	varanasi, uttar pradesh
abhibhavak	muanshi ajayab lal aur anandi devi
pati/patni	shivarani devi
santan	shripat ray aur amrit ray (putr)
karm bhoomi	gorakhapur
karm-kshetr	adhyapak, lekhak, upanyasakar
mukhy rachanaean	gaban, godan, b de ghar ki beti, namak ka daroga adi
vishay	samajik
bhasha	hindi
vidyalay	ilahabad vishvavidyalay
shiksha	snatak
prasiddhi	upanyas samrat
nagarikata	bharatiy
sahityik	adarshonmukh yatharthavad
andolan	pragatishil lekhak andolan
any janakari	premachand unaka sahityik nam tha aur bahut varshoan bad unhoanne yah nam apanaya tha. unaka vastavik nam ‘dhanapat ray’ tha. jab unhoanne sarakari seva karate hue kahani likhana arambh kiya, tab unhoanne navab ray nam apanaya. bahut se mitr unhean jivan-paryant navab ke nam se hi sambodhit karate rahe.
inhean bhi dekhean	kavi soochi, sahityakar soochi

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premachand ki upanyas-kala ka yah svarn yug tha. sanh 1931 ke arambh mean gaban prakashit hua tha. 16 aprail, 1931 ko premachand ne apani ek aur mahanh rachana, karmabhoomi shuroo ki. yah agast, 1932 mean prakashit huee. premachand ke patroan ke anusar sanh 1932 mean hi vah apana antim mahanh upanyas, godan likhane mean lag gaye the, yadyapi ‘hans’ aur ‘jagaran’ se sambandhit anek kathinaiyoan ke karan isaka prakashan joon, 1936 mean hi sambhav ho saka. apani antim bimari ke dinoan mean unhoanne ek aur upanyas, ‘mangalasootr’, likhana shuroo kiya tha, kintu akal mrityu ke karan yah apoorn rah gaya. ‘gaban’, ‘karmabhoomi’ aur ‘godan’- upanyasatrayi par vishv ke kisi bhi kritikar ko garv ho sakata hai. ‘karmabhoomi’ apani kraantikari chetana ke karan vishesh mahattvapoorn hai. lahaur kaangres ke adhiveshan mean adhyaksh-pad se bhashan dete hue javaharalal neharoo ne ghoshit kiya tha. ‘maian ganatantravadi aur samajavadi hooan.’ karmabhoomi is ashant kal ki pratidhvaniyoan se bhara hua upanyas hai. gorki ke upanyas, ‘maan’ ke saman hi yah upanyas bhi kranti ki kala par lagabhag ek prabandh-granth hai. yah upanyas adbhut patroan ki ek sampoorn shrriankhala prastut karata hai. amar kaant, samarakant, saqina, sukhada, pathanin, munni. amarakant aur samarakant pathakoan ko pita aur putr, neharoo-dvay ka smaran dilate haian. munni, pathanin, saqina aur lala samarakant sabhi ki parinati ghatanaoan dvara hoti hai.[[chitr:Jaishankar-prasad-premchand.jpg|thumb|left|jayashankar prasad ke sath premachand]]

roodhivad ka virodh

jis samay muanshi premachand ka janm hua vah yug samajik- dharmik roodhivad se bhara hua tha. is roodhivad se svayan premachand bhi prabhavit hue. tab premachand ne katha-sahity ka saphar shuroo kiya, aur anekoan prakar ke roodhivad se grast samaj ko yatha shakti kala ke shasr se mukt karane ka sankalp liya. apani kahani ke balak ke madhyam se yah ghoshana karate hue kaha ki "maian nirarthak roodhiyoan aur vyarth ke bandhanoan ka das nahian hooan."

chitr:Blockquote-open.gif sahity ke bhavoan ki jo uchchata, bhasha ki praudhata aur spashtata, sundarata ki jo sadhana hoti hai, vah hamean sinema mean nahian milati. chitr:Blockquote-close.gif - premachand

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samaj mean vyapt rudhiyaan

samajik rudhiyoan ke sandarbh mean premachand ne vaivahik rudhiyoan jaise bemel vivah, bahuvivah, abhibhavakoan dvara ayojit vivah, punarvivah, dahej pratha, vidhava vivah, pardapratha, bal vivah, vriddhavivah, pativrat dharm tatha varangana vriddhi ke sanbandh mean b di sanvedana aur sachetana ke sath likha hai. tatkalin samaj mean yah bat ghar kar gee thi ki tin putroan ke bad janm lene vali putri apashakun hoti hai. unhoanne is roodhi ka apani kahani teantar ke madhyam se k da virodh kiya hai. holi ke avasar par paye jane vali roodhi ki ninda karate hue vah kahate haian ki agar pine- pilane ke bavazood holi ek pavitr tyohar hai to chori aur rishvatakhori ko bhi pavitr manana chahie. unake anusar tyoharoan ka matalab hai apane bhaiyoan se prem aur sahanubhooti karana hi hai. arthik jatilataoan ke bavazood atithy- satkar ko maryada evan pratishtha ka prashn man lene jaise roodhi ki bhi unhoanne ninda ki hai.

chitr:Blockquote-open.gif premachand unaka sahityik nam tha aur bahut varshoan bad unhoanne yah nam apanaya tha. unaka vastavik nam ‘dhanapat ray’ tha. jab unhoanne sarakari seva karate hue kahani likhana arambh kiya, tab unhoanne navab ray nam apanaya. bahut se mitr unhean jivan-paryant 'navab' ke nam se hi sambodhit karate rahe. chitr:Blockquote-close.gif

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dharmik rudhiyaan

premachand mahanh sahityakar ke sath-sath ek mahanh darshanik bhi the. muanshiji ki darshanik nigahoan ne dharm ki a d mean logoan ka shoshan karane valoan ko achchhi tarah bhaanp liya tha. vah unake vahy vidhi-vidhanoan evan aantarik ashuddhiyoan ko pahachan chuke the. in sab ko parakh kar premachand ne pran le liya tha ki vah dharmik roodhivadita ko khatm karane ka prayas kareange.

premachand muanshi kaise bane

suprasiddh sahityakaroan ke mool nam ke sath kabhi-kabhi kuchh upanam ya visheshan aise ghul-mil jate haian ki sahityakar ka mool nam to pichhe rah jata hai aur yah upanam ya visheshan itane prasiddh ho jate haian ki unake bina kavi ya rachanakar ka nam adhoora-sa lagane lagata hai. sath hi mool nam apani pahachan hi khone lagata hai. bharatiy janamanas ki sanvedana mean base upanyas samrat 'premachand' ji bhi is paranparik tathy se achhoote nahian rah sake. unaka nam yadi matr premachand liya jay to adhoora sa pratit hota hai. premachand ji ke nam ke sath 'muanshi' kab aur kaise ju d gaya? is vishay mean adhikaansh log yahi man lete haian ki prarambh mean premachand adhyapak rahe. adhyapakoan ko pray: us samay muanshi ji kaha jata tha. isake atirikt kayasthoan ke nam ke pahale samman svaroop 'muanshi' shabd lagane ki parampara rahi hai. sanbhavat: premachand ji ke nam ke sath muanshi shabd ju dakar roodh ho gaya. is jijnasa ki poorti hetu premachand ji ke suputr evan suprasiddh sahityakar shri amrit ray ji ke anusar premachand ji ne apane nam ke age 'muanshi' shabd ka prayog svayan kabhi nahian kiya. unaka yah bhi manana hai ki muanshi shabd samman soochak hai, jise premachand ke prashansakoan ne kabhi laga diya hoga. yah tathy anuman par adharit hai. yah bat sahi hai ki muanshi shabd samman soochak hai. yah bhi sach hai ki kayasthoan ke nam ke age muanshi lagane ki parampara rahi hai tatha adhyapakoan ko bhi 'muanshi ji' kaha jata tha.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

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